初中英语——易混知识点辨析24105.pdf
.初中英语论文 易混点清单 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时,in 表示在*个空间的围以,on 表示在*一个物体的外表之上。There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有图。2.this/that/these/those(1)this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these 是 this 的复数形式。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those 时 that 的复数形式。例 I want this car,not that car.我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。Take these books to his room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去 (2)在打的用语中,this 常常指的是我,that 常常指的是对方。例如:This is Mary speaking.Whos that“我是玛丽。你是谁?3.There be/have There be 有,其确切含意为*处或*时存在*人或*物。其构造是:There be+*人或*物+表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is,名词是复数时用 are。There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。have 表示拥有,占有,具有,即:*人有*物(sb.have/has sth.)。I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看 Look!The children are playing puter games.瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看*人/物,其后接介词 at Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see 强调“看的结果,意思是“看到,see 是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:What can you see in the picture“你能在图上看到什么?(3)watch“观看,注视,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视*事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出等。如:Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。5.Thats right./Thats all right./All right.Thats right 意为“对的,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。I think we must help the old man.我想我们应该帮助这位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.说得对。Thats all right.意为“不用、“没关系,用来答复对方的致或抱歉。例如:Many thanks.Thats all right.Sorry.Its broken.Thats all right.All right.意为“行了、“可以,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好 Please tell me about it.请把此事告诉我。All right.好吧。6.say/speak/talk/tell say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出、“说道,着重所说的话。如:“I want to go there by bus,he said.他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。speak:“说话,着重开口发声,不着重所说的容,一般用作不及物动词 Can you speak about him“你能不能说说他的情况?speak 作及物动词解时,只能和*种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。.She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk:与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过,talk 暗示话是对*人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:I would like to talk to him about it.我想跟他谈那件事。tell:“告诉,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.7.do cooking/do the cooking do cooking 作“做饭解,属泛指。do the cooking 特指*一顿饭或*一家人的饭。cooking 为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用 some,much 修饰。从 do some cooking 可引出许多类似的短语:do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼 从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用 some,much 或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go swimming 去游泳 8.other/others/the other/another other 表其余的,别的,Have you any other questions“你还有其他问题吗“others 别的人,别的东西 In the room some people are American,the others are French.在屋子里一些人是 美国人,其他的是法国人。the other 表另一个二者之中one,the other One of my two brothers studies English,the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another 表三者以上的另一个,另一些 There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。9.some/any (1)some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。some 常用于肯定句中,any 常用于否认句和疑问句中。如:There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass“There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用 some。如:Would you like some tea“10.look for/find look for 意为“寻找,而 find 意为“找到,发现,前者强调“找这一动作,并不注重“找的结果,而后者则强调“找的结果。例如:She cant find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch,but he cant find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。11.be sleeping/be asleep be sleeping 表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉;be asleep 表示状态,意思是“睡着了。如:.-What are the children doing in the room“孩子们在房间里做什么?-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。12.How much/How many how much 常用来询问*一商品的价格,常见句式是 How much is/are“How much is the skirt“这条裙子多少钱?How much are the bananas“这些香蕉多少钱?how much 后加不可数名词,表示数量“多少“,how many 后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you want“你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class“你们班有多少人?13.be good for/be good to/be good at be good for 表示对有好处,而 be bad for 表示对有害;be good to 表示对友好,而 be bad to 表示对不好;be good at 表示擅长,在方面做得好,而 be bad at 表示在方面做得不好。Doing eye e*ercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.教师对我们所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing,but Im bad at it.雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。14.each/every each 和 every 都有每一个的意思,但含义和用法不一样。each 从个体着眼,every 从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上,every 只用于三者或三者以上。We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。each 可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every 只能用作形容词。Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。15.hear sb.or sth.doing sth./herar sb.or sth.do sth.hear sb.or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到*人或*物在做*事,而 hear sb.or sth.do sth.意思是“听到*人或*物做过*事。试比拟:I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似 hear 这种用法的还有 see,watch,listen,feel 等感官动词。16.hear/listen to listen to 和 hear 都有“听的意思,但含义有所不同。Listen to 强调“听的动作,hear 强调“听的结果。例如:Listen to me,please!Im going to tell you a story.请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。Listen!Can you hear someone crying in the ne*t room“听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?I listened,but heard nothing.我听了听,但什么也听不见。hear 后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说。例如:I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。17.Lets/Let us Lets 和 Let us 都表示“让我们,如果 us 包括听话人在,其含义一样,附带问句用 shall we.如果 us 不包括听话人在,其含义不同,Let us的附带问句要用 will you。例如:Lets go shopping,shall we“我们去购物好吗?.18.take/bring/carry/get 这四个动词都有“拿和“带的意思,但含义有所不同。take 意为“带走,“拿走,bring 意为“带来,“拿来,get 表示“到别的地方把*人或*物带来或拿来,carry 不强调方向,带有负重的意思。试比拟:My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。Bring me a cup of tea,please.请给我端杯茶来。The waiter carried the me to the table 效劳员把肉送到桌上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。19.far away/faraway (1)far away 是一个副词短语,意思是“很远。例如:Some are far away.Some are nearer.有些离得很远,有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。(2)faraway 是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的,可以在句中作定语。例如:He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。20.forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做*事,实际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过*事,实际上已经做过了。试比拟:I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。类似的词还有:remember,regret 等。21.hope/wish hope 和 wish 在汉语中都有“希望的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:(1)wish 可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope 只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。I hope youll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasnt so cold.但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he will e,too.我希望他也能来。(2)wish 可以接 sb.to do sth.的构造,而 hope 不可以。例如:Do you wish me to e back later“你是否希望我再来?22.seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来讲,但 seem 暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look 着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和 as if 从句。He seems/looks(to be)very happy today.他今天看起来很快乐。It looks(seems)as if it it is going to rain.好似要下雨了。(2)但以下情况中只用 seem 不用 look:1)后跟不定式 to do 时。如:He seems to know the answer.他似乎知道答案。2)在 It seems that.构造中。如:It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天快乐些了。23.reach,arrive/get to 三者都有到达之意。reach 是及物动词,后直接加名词,get 和 arrive 是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。get to 后加名词地点,假设跟副词地点时,to 去掉;arrive at+小地方,arrive in+方。如:Lucy got to the zoo before 8 oclock.露西 8 点前到了动物园。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai“你父母何时到的?It was late when I got home.我到家时天色已晚。24.noise/voice/sound noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice 是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound 是指耳朵能够听到的声音、声等。.它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:Dont make so much noise!别则大声喧哗!I didnt recognize Johns voice on the telephone.在里我听不出约翰的声 音。We heard a strange sound.我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound travels fast,but light travels faster.声音传得快,但是光传得更快。25.somebody/anybody/nobody 一般说来,somebody 用于定句,anybody 用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如:Somebody came to see you when you were out.你出来时有人来见你。Does anybody live on this island“有人在这岛上住吗?I didnt see anybody there.我在那儿谁也没看见。Dont let anybody in.Im too busy to see anybody.别让任何人进来。我太忙,谁也不想见。There is nobody in the room.房间里没人。Nobody told me that you were ill,so I didnt know about it.谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。26.a few/a little/few/little (1)a few 和 a little 都表示有一点儿,侧重于肯定,相当于some,但 a few 修 饰可数名词,a little 修饰不可数名词 He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee“Yes,just a little.喝点咖啡好吗?好的,只要一点。(2)few 和 little 表示几乎没有,侧重否认。few 后接可数名词,little 后接不可数名词。He is a strange man.He has few words.他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话。Hurry up,there is little time left.赶快,没什么时间了。27.take part in/join take part in 参加*种活动;join 参加,参加*一政党或组织。例如:Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗?He joined the party in 1963.他 1963 年入的党。28.borrow/lend/keep/use (1)borrow 表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来。We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我从教师那儿借来了这本字典。borrow 是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。You can borrow my recorder for three days.(错误)I have borrowed this book for only one week.(错误)(2)lend 表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去。Thank you for lending me your bike.你把自行车借给我。He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。lend 与 borrow 一样,也是一个瞬间完成的 动作,不能与一段时间连用。(3)keep 的意思也是“借,但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可以与时 间段连用。You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。(4)use 也可以当“借用讲,但它的本意是“用,使用。May I use your ruler“我能借你的尺子用一下吗?He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用。29.since/for (1)since 用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从。He has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai.自从我们上次在见过之后,我再也没见过他。since 作连词,还有“既然的意思。Since you are interested in it,just do it.既然你对它感兴趣,那就做吧。(2)for 用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过。I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。for 也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为。They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。30.neither/either/both (1)neither 作代词是对两者都进展否认,意思为“两者都不,作主语时谓语动词用单数.Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。neither 用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时一样;用作连词时,一般与 nor 搭配,表示“既不也不。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则。She neither ate nor drank yesterday.她昨天既不吃也不喝。(2)either 作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.either 作形容词,用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时一样.Either school is near my home.(这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.either 作连词时,一般与 or 搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是就是。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。(3)both 作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都,故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。both 作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时一样.Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。Both these students are good at English.这两个学生都擅长英语。both 用作连词时,多与 and 搭配,表示“既又,不仅而且,作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。31.forget to do/forget doing (1)forget to do 是指忘记去做*件事了,即该事还没有做。Please dont forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打。I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。(2)forget doing 是指忘记*件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了。He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。32.stop doing/stop to do (1)stop doing 是指停顿做*事,即 doing 这个动作不再继续。They stopped debating.他们停顿了辩论。不辩论了 He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red.由于交通灯变成了红色,他不得不停车。(2)stop to do 是指停下来开场做另一件事,即停顿原先的事,开场做 do 这个动作。She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。开场休息 They stopped to talk.他们停下来开场交谈。33.e*cept/besides (1)e*cept 是指不包括后面所提人或物在的“除了,可以理解为“撇开不谈,表示两局部的不同。All the visitors are Japanese e*cept him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。其他人是日本人,可他不是.(2)besides 是包括后面所提人或物在的“除了,可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又,表示两局部的相似性。We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。生物和英语都喜欢 besides 还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且,常用于句首或句尾。He is a great thinker,and besides,he is a politician.他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一位政治家。34.keep doing/keep on doing (1)keep doing 指的是连续地、坚持不断地做*事,中间不连续。It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。(2)keep on doing 是指反复坚持做*事,但动作之间略有间隔。They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。After drinking some water,he kept on talking.喝了一些水后,他坚持讲话。35.such/so (1)such 常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。Dont be such a fool.别这么傻。He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。(1)so 是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。(2)He is so kind!他真好心!(3)Why did you e so late“你为何回来得如此晚?当名词前有 many,much,few,little 等表示多、少时,应该用 so。He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。36.if/whether 在以下情况下只能用 whether 而非 if:(1)与 or not 连用时,只能用 whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not.我们想知道你是否生病了。Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。(2)后接动词不定式时,只能用 whether.Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚 餐。(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用 whether.Whether it will rain or snow,we dont mind.我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。Whether I won or lost,she didnt want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用 whether.The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经 走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。if 能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假设,而 whether 没有此用法。Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们 要进展足球赛。Ill tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。If youre in danger,please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打 110。37.cost/spend/pay/take (1)cost 一般用*物来做主语,表示“*物值、花费,既能指花费时.间也能指金钱。The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。cost 还可以用作名词,表示“本钱、费用、价格、代价等。Whats the cost of this TV set“这台电视机的本钱是多少钱?(2)spend 一般用*人来作主语,表示“*人花费,付出,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与 in 搭配,指金钱时常与 on 或 for 搭配。We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。(3)pay 用作动词时,一般也以*人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与 for 搭配使用。They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。pay 还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资等。Its hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。(4)take 也指“花费(时间、金钱),但通常用*事、*物做主语,或用形式主语 it.How long will the meeting take“会议要开多久?38.dead/die/death/dying (1)dead 是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead.这些兔子都是死的。(2)die 是动词,意思为“死、死亡,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。(4)death 是名词,意思为“死亡、去世等。His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。(4)dying 是 die 的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的。The poor dog had no food,it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。39.be able to/can (1)都能表示“能够,具备干*件事的能力这个含义,此时可以互换。Mr.Green is able to finish the work on time.格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。(2)be able to 可以用于各种时态,而 can 为情态动词,多用于现在时,其过去式为 could。We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。(5)Can 除了表示“能够,有能力做*事以外,还有如下用法,而 be able to 则没有。表示请求,但语气没有 could委婉 Can I have a look at this picture“我能看看这图片吗?表示可能性。That man cant be our new teacher.那人不可能是我们的新教师。40.be made of/be made from/be made in/be made into (1)be made of 表示由制成,一般指能够看出原材料,或发生的是物理变化。This table cloth is made of paper.这桌布是由纸做的。(2)be made from 也表示由制成,但一般指看不出原材料,或发生的是化学变化。The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由*种特殊材料制成的。(3)be made in 指的是产地,意思为于制造。My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。(4)be made into 的意思为被制成为。This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。41.none/no one/neither.(1)none 既能指人,又能指物,意思是没有一个,无一,常用作代词,与 of 连用。I like none of the coats.那些外套我一件都不喜欢。none 用作主语时,谓语动词用单复数皆可。None of the answers is true.没有一个答案是正确的。(2)no one 只能用来指人,且不能与 of 连用。No one is absent.没有人缺席。no one 用作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数。No one agrees with you.没有人同意你的说法。(3)neither 作代词是对两者都进展否认,意思为两者都不,作主语时谓语动词用单数。Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。42.found/find(1)find 的意思是找到、发现,其过去式和过去分词都是 found.I cant find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。(2)found 是另外一个词,与 find 并没有关系,意思是成立、建立,常用作及物动词。The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民国成立于 1949 年。43.think/think/about/think of(1)think 单独使用时表示思考,接 that 宾语从句时意为认为,觉得。I am thinking how to work out the problem.当宾语从句含有否认概念时,通常形式上否认 think,但意义上却是否认宾语从句。I dont think he can e.(2)think about 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是考虑。I have thought about it for a long time.(3)think of 表示认为