小学六年级英语四种时态总结11077.pdf

1 小学六年级英语四种时态总结 一、一般现在时 标志词：always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)never(从不)every(每一)行为动词词型变化形式 一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称（第一人称：I,we；第二人称：you；第三人称复数：they、my friends）动词均用原形 当主语是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：1、多数在动词后加 s playplays likelikes,2、以 s，x，sh，ch，o 结尾的动词加 es washwashes catchcatches dodoes 3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾，把 y 改 i 再加 es flyflies studystudies 4、以元音字母加 y 结尾，直接加 s buy buys 5、不规则变化 havehas 一般现在时基本用法 功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。The earth is round.构成 1.be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。句型 肯定句：A.be 动词：主语+be+其它成分 He is a worker.B.行为动词：主语+动词(注意人称变化)+其它成分 We like the little cat.否定句：A.be 动词：主语+be+not+其它成分 They are not students.B.行为动词：主语+助动词(do/does)+not+动词原形+其它成分 We dont like the little cat.一般疑问句：A.be 动词：Am/Is/Are+主语+其它成分 Are you a teacher?Yes,I am./No,I am not.Are they students of your school.Yes they are/No they aren,t.B.行为动词：助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形+其它成分 Do you like it?Yes,I do./No.I dont.Does he(she)like it?Yes,he(she)does./No,he(she)doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句 A.be 动词：How many students are there in your school?B.行为动词：What do you usually do on Sunday?一般现在时动词 be 和 have 的变化形式 1.动词 Be 叫连系动词,用法：第一人称单数用 am，第三人称单数用 is，其它人称用 are。2 2.动词 have 的用法：第三人称单数用 has 以外，其它人称一律用 have。如:注意事项 1.在英国，人们常用 have got 代替 have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当 have 如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词 do,does 如：I have a new pen.否：I have not a new pen.(表示有)I have lunch at 12 oclock.否：I dont have lunch at 12 oclock.(表示吃)二现在进行时：标志词：now,look,listen，Its+时间.现在进行时:表示正在进行的、发生的动作 基本结构：am be is +动词 ing are 肯定句：主语+be 动词(am,are,is)+现在分词（ing）+其他 I am watching TV.否定句：主语+be 动词+not+现在分词（ing）+其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑问句：Be 动词(Am,Are,Is)+主语+现在分词（ing）+其他 Are you watching TV?Yes,I am./No,I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句 What are you doing？动词的-ing 形式的变化规律：1.直接加-ing watchwatching cleancleaning 2.以-y 结尾的动词，直接加-ing studystudying playplaying 3.以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，先去-e 再加-ing makemaking comecoming 4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾字母，再加-ing cutcutting 三、一般将来时的用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。标志词：tomorrow（明天），the day after tomorrow（后天），next（下一个），from now on（从现在开始），in the future（将来），soon（不久）等 结构：(1)be（am,is,are）+going to+动词原形 (2)will+动词原形 “be going to+动词原形（打算）”=”will+动词原形（将，会）”Im going to study tomorrow.I will study tomorrow.3（be going to 着重于事先考虑好 will 未事先考虑好）-一般不用考虑 肯定句：主语+be(am,are,is)going to+动词原形.主语+will+动词原形 否定句：主语+be(am,are,is)not going to+动词原形.主语+wont+动词原形.一般疑问句：Be(Am,Are,Is)+主语+going to+动词原形?Will+主语+动词原形?特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？注意：will 常简略为 ll，并与主语连写在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。四、一般过去时 标志词：yesterday(昨天),last(上一个),this morning（今天早上），ago(以前),before(在之前),in 2002(在 2002 年)等 用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed 如：watch-watched,cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d 如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave 句型：1、Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 变为 was。否定（was not=wasnt）are 变为 were。否定（were not=werent）否定句：在 was 或 were 后加 not 一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 调到句首。2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化 否定句：didnt+动词原形 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 Did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如:What did Jim do yesterday?（2）疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?4 附录：小学常用不规则动词过去式 一、不规则动词的过去式的构成 1把动词原形中的i 改为 a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i 改为 o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow 为 ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词 show 除外，show showed）4动词原形中的 e 改为o，变成过去式。如：get got，forget forgot 5动词原形中的 ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feed fed，meet met 6动词原形中的 eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep kept，sleep slept，sweep swept 7动词原形中的 eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break broke，speak spoke 8动词原形中的 ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell sold，tell told 9动词原形中的 an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand stood，understandunderstood 10以ought 和 aught 结尾，且读音是:t 的过去式。如：bring brought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught 11以 ould 结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould 12把动词原形中的 o 改为 a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame 13在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heardh:d，sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred 二不规则动词表 原形 过去式 中文释义 am was 是（表示存在、状态等）are were 是（表示存在、状态等）5 become became 成为；变成 begin began 开始 break broke 打破 bring brought 拿来；取来；带来 build built 构筑；建造；建筑 buy bought 购买；买 can could 可以；能；可能；会 catch caught 赶上（车船等）；捕获 come came 来；来到 cut cut 切；割；削；剪 do/does did 做；干；行动 draw drew 画 drink drank 喝；饮 drive drove 开车；驾驶 eat ate 吃 feel felt 感到；觉得 find found 寻找；查找 fly flew 飞行 forget forgot 忘记；忘却 get got 变得 give gave 给；授予 go went 去 have/has had 得（病）；患（病）；有；吃；饮 hear heard 听见；听说 hide hid 隐藏 is was 是（表示存在、状态等）keep kept 保持；使保持某种状态 know knew 知道；了解 leave left 离去；出发 let let 允许；让 lose lost 失去；丧失 make made 使；促使；迫使；做；制作 may might 可能；可以 mean meant 表示的意思；作的解释 meet met 遇见；相逢 put put 放；摆；装 read read/e/读；阅读 ride rode 骑 ring rang （铃）响 rise rose 上升 run ran 跑；奔跑 say said 说；讲 see saw 看见 send sent 发送；寄；派；遣 6 set set 放,置 show showed 出示；给看 shut shut 关上（门、盖、窗户等）sing sang 唱；唱歌 sit sat 坐 sleep slept 睡；睡觉 speak spoke 说；说话 swim swam 游泳 take took 搭乘；花费（时间）；拿走；带到 teach taught 教；讲授 tell told 告诉；讲述 think thought 想；思考 will would 将要 win won 赢；获胜 write wrote 书写 小学英语语法（词性）总结 一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级 二者比较，标志词：than 最高级 三者以上比较，标志词：the 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：1.单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er 或-est talltallertallest fastfasterfastest 7 2.以-e 结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r 或-st largelargerlargest nicenicernicest 3.以-y 结尾的形容词或副词，改-y 为-i 再加-er 或-est busybusierbusiest earlyearlierearliest 4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er 或-est hothotterhottest 5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加 more 或 most beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful 6.以 ly 结尾的副词一般加 more 或 most slowlymore slowlymost slowly 7.不规则变化 good(well)-better-best bad(badly)-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-further many（much）-more most 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：比较级：1、形容词：物体 A+am/are/is+形容词比较级+than+物体 B I am taller than you.This picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副词：物体 A+行为动词+副词比较级+than+物体 B.He studies better than me.最高级：1、形容词：物体 A+am/are/is+the+形容词最高级+比较范围（of+人/物，in+地方）.I am the tallest in the class.Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词：物体 A+行为动词+副词最高级+比较范围（of+人/物，in+地方）.Cheetahs run fastest in the world.He studies best of us.表示两者对比相同：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as+从句 This box is as big as mine.This coat is not so/as cheap as that one.I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级 练习（一）1.A pig is _ than a dog.A.much heavy B.more heavier C much heavier D.more heavy 2.Which is _ season in Beijing?I think its spring.A.good B.well C.best D.the best 3.The city is becoming _.A.more beautiful and more B.more beautiful and beautiful C.more and more beautiful D.more beautiful and beautifuler 4.Which does Alice like _,Chinese or Art?A.well B.best C.better D.much 8 5.The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world.A.the longest river B.longest rivers C.the longest rivers D.longer rivers 6.LiMing speaks Chinese _ better than me.A.very B.more C.a lot of D.much 7.There are _ boys in Class Two than in Class Four.A.more B.many C.most D.best 8.Who has _ oranges now,Jim,Lily or Lucy?A.much B.biggest C.better D.the most 9.Mother is _ in my family.A.busy B.busier C.the busiest D.more 10.No one is _ Lucy in the class.A.so tallest as B.as taller as C.so high as D.as tall as （二）写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_-_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_-_ unhappy_ (三)用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Of the two girls,I find Lucy the _(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is _(little)useful than iron(铁).3.My sister is two years _(old)than I.4.Johns parents have four daughters,and she is the _(young)child.5.The _(cheap)bags are the not usually the best ones.6.The short one is by far _ expensive of the five.7.The boy is not so _(interesting)as his brother.8.Dick sings _(well),she sings _(well)than John,but Mary sings_(well)in her class.9.She will be much _(happy)in her mew house.10.This dress is _ that.(twice,asas,expensive)9 参考答案：（一）C D C C C D A D C D （二）longer longest wider widest fatter fattest heavier heaviest slower slowest fewer fewest more brightly,most brightly worse,worst further,furthest more quickly,most quickly happier happiest unhappier unhappiest（三）clever less Older youngest Cheapest the most Interesting well,better,the best Happier twice as expensive as 二、情态动词 情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。can 能够，会 may 可以 shall 将，要 should 应该 must 必须 have（has）to 不得不 had better 最好 情态动词的用法：情态动词 肯定句 否定句 can 主语+can+动词原形 主语+can+not+动词原形 may 主语+may+动词原形 主语+may+not+动词原形 shall 主语+shall+动词原形 主语+shall+not+动词原形 should 主语+should+动词原形 主语+should+not+动词原形 must 主语+must+动词原形 主语+must+not+动词原形 have（has）to 主语+have（has）to+动词原形 主语+dont（doesnt）+have（has）to+动词原形 had better 主语+had better+动词原形 主语+had better+not+动词原形 10 情态动词 疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 can Can+主语+动词原形?Yes,can.No,cant.may May+主语+动词原形?Yes,may./Sure.No,may not.shall Shall+主语+动词原形?Yes,please./All right.No,lets not.should Should+主语+动词原形?Yes,should.No,shouldnt.must Must+主语+动词原形?Yes,must.No,neednt.have（has）to Do(does)+主语+have to+动词原形?Yes,do(does).No,dont(doesnt).had better 三、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2以 s.x.sh.ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化，如下表：情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 在词尾+s desk-desks,apple-apples 以-s.x.ch.sh 结尾的词 在词尾+es class-classes,box-boxes peach-peaches,dish-dishes 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再+es factory-factories,family-families 以元音字母加 y 结尾的词 在词尾+s day-days,boy-boys,key-key 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 变 f 或 fe 为 v 再+es knife-knives,wife-wives leaf-leaves,life-lives 以辅音字母 o 结尾的词 有生命的+es 无生命的+s 以 oo 结尾的+s potato-potatoes,hero-heroes photo-photos 技巧归纳 改 f(e)为 ve 加 s 口诀（1）树叶半数自己黄 妻子拿刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像小偷逃命忙（2）常用不规则名词复数形式 foot-feet 脚 man-men 男人 woman-women 女人 tooth-teeth 牙 mouse-mice 老鼠 goose-geese 鹅 child-children 小孩(3)单复数同形 fish 鱼 li 里 jin 斤 yuan 元 mu 亩 sheep 羊 deer 小鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 means 手段 单复名词同形：中国人日本人都爱绵羊 鹿和鱼.高频考点 man woman 作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式 11 two men doctors 两位男医生 many women leaders 很多女领导(4)只有复数形式，没有单数形式 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 shorts 短裤 goods 商品 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋（5）常用不可数名词 advice 建议 baggage 行李 bread 面包 rain 雨 steel 钢 gold 金 sand 沙 grass 草 glass 玻璃 oil 油 paper 纸 butter 黄油 salt 盐 beauty 漂亮 change 零钱 information 信息 smoke water 水 homework 作业 cloth 布 food 食品 money 钱 tea 茶 snow 雪 wealth 财富 furniture 家具 cotton 棉花 rice 大米 fruit 水果 milk 牛奶 四、介词口诀：介词的用法 早、午、晚要用 in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in。将来时态 in.以后，小处 at 大处 in。有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日 on，关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和“一就”，on 后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前 on 代 in。步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 则用 in。at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随 with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数、人类 know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。besides，except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿。同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。原状 because of,、owing to、due to 表语形容词 under 后接修、建中，of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一点,ago、later 表一段。before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。12 since 以来 during 间，since 时态多变换。与之相比 beside，除了 last but one。复不定 for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向 towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全。in 内 to 外表位置，山、水、国界 to 在前。五、代词的用法.主格 I you he she it we they 宾格 me you him her it us them 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself/yourselves himself herself itself ourselves themselves 主格：一般放在句子前,做主语.宾格：一般放在动词,介词（for、to、of）后.形容词性物主代词：修饰名词,放在名词前.名词性物主代词：代表名词,后不跟名词.反身代词及其一般用法 反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气。反身代词的分类 1第一人称 单数：myself 我自己 复数：ourselves 我们自己 2第二人称 单数：yourself 你自己 复数：yourselves 你们自己 3第三人称 单数：himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数：themselves 他们自己、她们自己、它们自己 反身代词在句子中的用法 13 1作表语 Shes not herself today.她今天跟平常真是判若两人。2作宾语 Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃点鱼。3作介宾 I learned English by myself.我自学英语。4作同位语 He can do that himself.他自己能做那件事。There be 有，表示存在。There is+单数、不可数名词 There are+复数“There be”句型结构：肯定句：“There be+主语（某人/某物）+某地 There isa boy in the room.否定句：“There be+not(any)+主语+某地 There arent any books on the desk.一般疑问句：“Be（is、are）there+(any)+主语+某地“Yes，there is/are.”“No,there isnt/arent.”It+be 谈论天气 “Its going to rain.”说到时间 “Its time to go to school.”距离远近 “Its far to get there.”情况程度 “Its hard to learn.”六、连词的用法 一、并列连词：1.and 连接单词 My brother and I study in the same school.连接短语 Our knowledge may come from the books and from practice.连接句子 We are singing and they are dancing.2.but 但是/而是 I have a pen but no pencil.or 或者 Will you go there by bus or on foot?3.nothing but 除了，只有 I did nothing but watch it.4.or 表示否则 Hurry up or you will be late.5.for 表示因为 He is good at math for he studies harder than others.6.still 表示后句概念由前句转折而来 The weather is very cold,still we neednt wear more clothes.7.not onlybut also 不仅而且 可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子 主语并列时，谓语要就近一致 Not only he but also I am a teacher.8.as well as 以及，同样 并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化 He works as well as he can 9.eitheror 既又，或或 并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 Either come in or go out.10.neithernor 既不也不 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致 Neither you nor he speaks French.12.bothand 和，既也 并列主、谓、宾及表语 I can play both football and basketball.13.nor 也不，引导句子要倒装 He can not speak English,nor can I.You like apples,so do I.二、从属连词：1.after 表示“时间”，在之后 After I finished the school,I became a worker in the factory.2.although/though 表示让步，“尽管”Although she is young,she knows a lot.14 3.as 表示时间，“当时”，方式“象”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然”As it was late,we must go now.4.as if/as though 表方式，“似乎、好像”He told is such a story as though he had been there before.5.as long as/so long as 表条件，“只要”As long as I am free,Ill go to help you.6.as soon as 表时间，“一就”I will phone you as soon as I come back.7.because 表原因，“因为”I have to stay in bed because I am ill.8.before 表时间，“在之前“You should think more before you do it.9.even if/even though 表让步，“即使”You should try again even if you failed.10.hardlywhen 表时间，“（刚）一就”Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.11.if “假如”，引导条件状语从句 What should I do net if the rain doesnt stop?“是否”，引导宾语从句 I dont know if he comes back or not.12.In case 表目的，“以防，以免”You should be more careful in case there is a fire.13.In order that 表目的，“为了，以便”We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.14.no matter+疑问词 表让步，“无论，不管”No matter what you do,you should try your best.15.no soonerthan 表时间，“刚一就”No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.16.now that 表原因，“既然，因为，由于”Now that you are on duty,you should clean the classroom.17.once 表时间，“一旦”Once you promise,you should do it.三、其他 1.since 表时间，“自从以来”He has been in this company since he left school.表原因，“既然，由于”Since the job is dangerous,lets do it more carefully.2.so far as/as far as 表条件，“就而言，就而论”As far as I know,it is ea