英语语法第一轮复习数词.doc14332.pdf

Unit 4 数词 知识要点：1掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：范 围 特 点 实 例 112 1319 2090 2199 无规律 以 teen 为结尾 以 ty 结尾 十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety twenty-five,sixty-five,ninety-nine 101999 千以上 百位与十位之间 three hundred and twenty-five （美语中常将 and 省略）通常用 and 6275 six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200 twelve hundred （二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：实 例 加 th 其中七个例外：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,其 forth,six sixth,nineteen nineteenth eth twentieth,fortieth,ninetieth 用序数词，其余用基数词 21st twenty-first,110th one hundred and tenth （三）、分数的表达方式 （1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时，分母用复数。如：one-third 三分之一，three-sevenths 七分之三。（2）分子与分母之间加 in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight 八分之五。（3）分子与分母之间加 out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten 十 分之一，five out of eight 八分之五。（四）、百分数和小数的的表示法 （1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词 percent 前面即可，如：twenty percent 百分之二十。（2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 of+冠词/限定 词 +名词/代词，其谓语动词与 of 后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.（3）小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用 point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65 表示为 nine point six five。218.39 表示为 two hundred and eighteen point three nine。（五）数词的用法：1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表 示例 英语表示法 June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune,2001 6 30 2001 7：25 seven twenty-five twenty-five past even 12:54 twelve fifty four six to one 9:15 nine fifteen a quarter past nine 2:30 two thirty half past two 本卷第 1 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司 21:50 twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.第 21 twenty-first 第 123 one hundred and twenty-third 1 2 2 a half 2 5 two and two-fifths 20%20 per cent 20 percent 第七路公共汽 Bus Number Seven 车 第 201 房间 Room 201 人民路 153 号 153 Renmin Road 4+8=12 Four plus eight is twelve 11-7=4 Eleven minus seven is four.6 5=30 Six times five is thirty.20 5=4 twenty divided by five is four.A B A is more than B.A B A is less than B.A B A is approximately(近似地,大约)equals to B.A B A is not equal to B.2.约数表示法列表 含义 英语表达 例句 大于某数 more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.over she is over fifty.or more There re thirty people or more in the meeting-room.小于某数 less than I have less than(not more than)fifty dollars.under Children under seven are not allowed to enter.below He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.大约（某数）nearly She is nearly fifty now.almost Its almost three oclock.up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.or He spent four or five days writing the article.or so The distance is twenty miles or so.about I visited that village about three years ago.some Their team has some four or five players.The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of more or less water.around/rou Lets make it round/around eight oclock.nd 3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表 被修饰名词的数 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 英语表达 dozens of scores of many,a good(great)many,many a(饰单数可数名 词)hundreds of thousands of,thousands upon thousands of millions of billions of much,a great(good)deal of,a large amount of,large amounts of 汉译 几十、许多 许多 许多、大量 数以百计 成千上万 数百万 亿万 许多、大量 本卷第 2 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司 修饰可数名词或不可数名 a lot of/lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,许多、大量 词 large quantities of 4、序号表示法 （1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为 No.。如：No.1 第一号 （2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the+序 数词+名词；名词+基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为 the First World War 或 World War One 。对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词+数词。如：501 号房间表示为 Room 501,538 路公共汽车表示为 Bus 538。可用 a/the+number+基数词+名词。如：a No.5 bus 一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus 那辆 8 路公共汽车。5、倍数的表达方式 一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式：（1）倍数用在 as+形容 词 /副词（原级）+as 结构之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前.This rope is four times longer than that one.（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数+the+size/length/weight of+表 示+比较 对象的名词如：This room is three times the size of that one.You can t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.注意：用 ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million 等数词的复数后加 of 短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million 作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score,five dozen,seven million 等。例题：1._ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million 2.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 3.Shortly after the accident,two _ police were sent to the sport to keep order.(NMET 92)A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozen of 数 词 练 习 1.Two _died of cold last winter.A.hundreds old people B.hundred old people C.hundreds old peoples D.hundred old peoples 2.He was only in_ at the time.A.his 20s B.the 20s C.his twenties D.the twenties 3.The two great men wrote those letters in_.A.1870s B.1879s C.the 1870s D.the 1870 4.I wonder if I can ask him_ time.A.four B.fourth C.the fourth D.a fourth 5.He came out_ in the track events.A.first B.one C.the first D.the one 6.It was in 1939 that _broke out.A.World War Second B.the World War Second C.Second World War D.World War II 7.Youll have to spend _writing your report here.A.one day or two days B.one day or two C.a day or two D.two days or one 8.He cut the cake_.A.in halves B.in half C.into halves D.into half 9.The earth is nearly_ the moon.本卷第 3 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司 A.50 time the size of B.50 times the size of C.50 times as size as D.50 times as that of 10.Either you or the headmaster _the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting.A.is handing in B.are to hand out C.are handing in D.is to hand out 11._of the population here are peasants.A.20 percents B.20 percent C.the 20 percent D.the 20 percents 12.Its about_,the thickness of a human hair.A.two-fifteenth B.two-fifteenths C.two fifteen D.two fifteens 13.The price of such material was reduced_.A.by 18 percent B.to 18 percent C.at 18 percent D.for 18 percent 14.South of the equator,81 percent of the surface of the earth_ water.A.is B.are C.was D.were 15.They sold _boxes of such sweets last week.A.four dozen B.four dozens C.four dozens of D.four dozen of 16.It took me _ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.A.a half dozen B.half a dozen C.haft dozens D.half dozen 17._people were sent there to help fight against the flood.A.Three scores of B.Three score of C.Three score D.Three scores 18.Dont leave you work,_.A.done half B.half done C.a half done D.done a half 19.Nobody can do two things well _.A.at one time B.at once C.one time D.once 20.He has_ books in his study.A.several thousands B.some thousands of C.some thousands D.some thousand of 21.On National day_ people take part in all kinds of celebration.A.hundreds of millions of B.millions of hundred of C.hundreds millions of D.millions hundreds of 22.He has lived at_ for 30 years.A.No.101 Heping Street B.101 Heping Street C.Heping Street 101 D.Heping street No.101 23.You can find him in_.A.Room 201 B.201 Room C.the Room 20 D.the 201 Room 24.Its_ walk from here to my school.A.two-hours B.two hours C.two-hour D.a two-hour 25.It was in_ when he was already in _ that he went to Y anan.A.the 1940s,the 40s B.the 1940s,his forties C.1940s,his forties D.the 1940s,his 40s 26.He went to the market and bought _eggs and some meat.A.three dozen of B.three dozen C.three dozens D.three dozens of 27.Shortly after the accident two _police were sent to the spot to keep order.A.dozen of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozens of 28.Mr Smith _me to buy several _eggs for the dinner.A.asked,dozen B.suggested,dozens of C.had,dozen D.persuaded,dozens of 29._of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are 30.Two _died of cold last winter.A.hundreds old people B.hundred old people C.hundred old peoples D.hundred old peoples 31.It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s,the B.the 90s,/C.90s,their D.the 90s,their 32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance?-Yes,_.A.thousand of them B.two thousands of them C.two thousand of them D.two thousand them 本卷第 4 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司 精典名 题导解 1.解析：答案为 A。本题考查的是 million 表示确切数量的用法。million 前需用数表确切数量，而不用 many 这类词，但可说 many millions of（上百万的），故本题中用 Several million。2.解析：答案为 C。本题考查的是 the number of+名词与 a number of +名词作主语时谓语的单复数问 题。the number of 是“的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而 a number of 后接可数名词的复数形 式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为 C。3.解析：答案为 C。此题考查的是数词 dozen 表示确切数量时的用法，dozen 表示确切数量时用其单数形 式，当 d ozens 的复数后接 of 时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为 C。数 词 练 习 题 答 案 1 B 2.C 表示 几十 的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为 二十多岁 。3 C 定冠词 the 和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。4 D 序数词前面加不定冠词表示 又一次(已经四次了 )5 A 这里 first 有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种 取得第一名 的习惯用法。6 D 序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是 thc Second World War 的形式。7C 只有 C 项为正确的表达方式，或者也可以写成 one or two days 再如：one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours 8 B in half 表示 分成一样大小的两半 。也可以说 cut in two 9 B 再如 twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc )of 10 D either or 连接主语用就近原则。be to hand out the prizes 意为 要颁发奖品 。11答案为 B。百分比作修饰语，前面不加冠词且不能加复数。12答案为 B。分数做定语，分子用基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数，本题中，其 它表达方式均不正确。13答案为 A。表增加或减少的数量的百分比，用 by+百分数表示。14答案为 A。不可数的名词的百分比用单数；可数名词的百分比则用复数。C 项时态不对，另如：90 percent of the population here are peasents 这个句子中 population 的意思是 people 15答案为 A。dozen 与数词或 many，several 等词连用时复数一般不加 s，故 B、C 两项不选。此外，dozen 与数词连用做定语，一般也不加 of当然也有例外：Place them in dozens on the table dozens 表数 量很多。Two dozen of these are wanted dozen 后面有 of 因为有限定词 these，the 等。Dozens of people were here dozens of 也表示 很多 。16答案为 B。半打 的表达方式一定要用 hall a dozen 。17答案为 B。score 做定语修饰名词用 a(three)score of，而不用复数形式；常用 scores of 为其复数形式，意为 大量 ，但有：three score and ten，a score or more 18答案为 B。hall 起副词作用，修饰过去分词 done，因为这个过去分词表状态，故 half 应在 done 前。再如：well done，well known，不用 a half 修饰 done，故不选 C、B 两项。19 B 意为 同时 ，不是 立刻 。20 B 2l A 如：tens of thousands of(小数在前，大数在后)thousands and thousands of(两数一样大 )。22 B 居住的门牌号用介词 at+号数+街道名 。23 A 24答案为 D。walk 作为名词，常与不定冠词连用。注意：在表数量的合成词中，名词部分为单数，如：a two-year-old boy 25答案为 B。在 20 世纪 40 年代 ，必须有定冠词 the 此外，年代后要加 s 或 s。他已经 40 多岁了 要用 in his forties。26答案为 B。dozen 与数词或多或少 several,many 连用时，复数不加 s。dozens of 表示数量很多，在修 饰有 these，the 等词限定的名词时，可用 dozen of 的形式。如：three dozen of these eggs.27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.C 本卷第 5 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司 本卷第 6 页（共 6 页）_ _ 山东世纪金榜书业有限公司