一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时讲解23826.pdf

-一般过去时态 1根本用法 1.一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。如：-Where were you last week上周你在哪儿？-I was at my uncles home in the countryside.上周我在乡下的叔叔家。2.有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态；另外，在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。如：He bought a cat,and now they are good friends.他买了一只猫，现在他们是好朋友了。Lu*un was a great writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。2时间状语 与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday昨天,last night昨晚,last week上个星期,four days ago四天前,in 2002在 2002 年,just now刚刚,the day before yesterday前天等。如：He went to the park yesterday.她昨天去了花园。I was ten years old in 2001.我 2001 年才 10 岁。3动词的过去式 在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。其根本的变化规则如下：一般情况下，在动词原形后直接 ed。如：play played,look looked。以 e 结尾的动词在其后加 d。如：like liked,use used。与辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 变成 i 再加 ed。如：carry carried,marry-married。以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed。如：stop stopped,prefer preferred。当然，刚刚提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：am was,are were,put put,see saw,eat ate 等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！-一般现在时态 一、定义与讲解 一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。二、一般现在时的用法 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表示客观事实或普遍真理；在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来；在*些以 here，there 开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作 三、时间状语：often 经常，usually 通常，always 总是，every 每个，sometimes 有时，at 在几点钟 只有在第三人称单数用动词的三单变化，其他用动词的原形。动词三单变化规则：1.多数在动词后s play plays like likes 1直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays 2以字母 s,*,ch,sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fi*-fi*es do-does go-goes pass-passes 3以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，要先变 y 为 i 再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes-读/z/以辅音字母+o 结尾的词 加-es 读/z/goes,does 以s,sh,ch,*等结尾的词 加-es 读/iz/watches,washes 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再加 es 读/z/study-studies 不规则变化 have和 be 动词 变 have 为 has 变 be为 am,is,are have-has be-am,is,are 2.不规则变化：be-is are have-has 四、一般现在时的构造 一般现在时的构造 肯定式 疑问式 否认式 否认疑问式 I work.Do you work I dont work.Dont you work You work.Do you work You dont work.Dont you work We work.Do you work We dont work.Dont you work They work.Do they work They dont work.Dont they work He(She,It)works.Does he(she,it)work He(She,It)doesnt work.Doesnt he(she it)work 现在进展时态 一、概念、-现在进展时表说话时正在进展或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作 构造：助动词 be(am/is/are)+现在分词.二、现在分词的构成：1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing Eg:carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking,enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying,do-doing,read-reading,think-thinking 2.如果动词以-e 结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,如 e-ing,have-having,make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using 3.如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing 如：hit-hitting,let-letting,put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting 4.如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如:forget-forgetting,prefer-preferring,upset-upsetting试比拟benefit/benfiting,differ/differing,profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写 5.以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick,再加-ing,eg:panic/panicking,piic/piicking,但 lie/lying,die/dying,tie/tying 是特殊变化要记住 三、句型构造：1.现在进展时的肯定形式、否认形式、疑问形式及其答复,所有变化都表达在助动词 be(is/am/are)上 1)现在进展时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他成分 I am singing.They are writing.2)现在进展时的否认形式:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他成分 I am not singing.They arent writing.3一般疑问句及答复：be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分 Am I singing Yes,you are./No,you arent.Are they writing Yes,they are./No,they arent.4)特殊疑问句及答复:特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分-What are you doing We are playing(要求就提问容具体答复).3.说明:不是所有动词都能用现在进展时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进展时态 四用法：1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情 往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调We are waiting for you？What are you doing Some ones knocking at the door 2.正在进展着的动作可视为未完成的动作。Hes talking to his friends in the classroom.可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性 Hes still talking to his friends in the classroom.3.表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进展 Mr.Black is writing another article.Dont take that book away.Your fathers using it.She is learning piano under Mr.Black.4.现在进展时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期正在进展的动作或存在的情况：Whats your brother doing these days Hes studying English at O*ford University.5.现在进展时也可以用来表示当前的动向：People are being more and more beautiful these days.6.表示渐变的动词有：bee,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin 等 The leaves are turning brow.Its getting colder and colder.7.与 always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩 You are always changing your mind.8.现在进展时(以及 be going to可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 Were spending ne*t winter in China.用 arrive,e,go,leave 等动词的现在进展时描写行程安排,也通常有将到达和将离去的意思：Hes arriving tomorrow morning.-9.当现在进展时表示*事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we cant fall asleep late at night.一、写出以下动词的过去式：1.go_ 2.enjoy_ 3.teach_ 4.write_ 5.have_ 6.is(am)_ 7.are_ 8.want_ 9.talk_ 10.eat_ 11.carry_ 12.take_ 13.do_ 14.get_ 15.catch_ 二、用所给动词正确形式填空。1.My mother _(buy)a lot of postcards yesterday.2.The twins_(be)thirteen years old two years ago.3.I _(get)up at half past si*this morning.4.Jim _(help)an old man carry his bag just now.5.There _(be)a King many years ago.6.Did you _(have)a test yesterday 7.I _(e)to school at seven yesterday.8.Once he _(be)a shop assistant.9.The bat _(like)sleeping in the day and _(fly)out for food at night.10.-Where does Mr.Lin_(live)-He _(live)in the USA.11.Mother always _(do)some washing after meals.12.The twins _(wear)a pair of glasses every day.13.A plane always _(fly)high in the sky.14.Grandpa usually _(get)up early in the morning.15.The two writers _(visit)each other once a year.16.I _(play)football every day.三、选择填空。()1.My parents were having supper when I _ back home.A.e B.came C.ing D.es -()2.My sister _ the Youth League last year.A.join B.joins C.joined D.joining ()3.Father _ his coat and went out.A.put on B.puts on C.putted on D.puted on ()4.The teacher _ me a question just now.A.ask B.asked C.asking D.asks ()5.This is my ninth birthday and I _ eight years old last year.A.was B.were C.is D.are ()6.Did you _ a letter to me last month A.write B.writes C.writing D.wrote ()7.Mother _ a story about a hungry wolf yesterday.A.tell B.told C.tells D.telling ()8.-What did he do last week -He _ his grandparents.A.visits B.visited C.is visiting D.visit ()9.She picked up the apples and _ it back to the old man.A.give B.gives C.gave D.is gaving ()10.I _ to the teacher,but I didn t _ her.A.listen,heard B.listened,heard C.listened,hear D.listen,hear 四、句型转换：1.They visit us every day.(用 yesterday 替换 every day 改写)They _ _ yesterday.2.He arrives late every day.(用 last Monday 替换 every day 改写)He _ _ _ _.3.I had an English class last Friday.(改为一般疑问句)_ you _ an English class last Friday 4.It rained hard last night.(改为否认句)_ 5.They played volley-ball yesterday afternoon.(对划线局部提问)-_