2019_2020学年高中英语Unit11TheMediaSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡLesson2&Lesson3讲义北师大版必修30955.pdf

-1-Section Language Points()(Lesson 2&Lesson 3).单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1 What surprised us most was that he didnt show any respect(尊重)to his parents.2At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(方法)to the study of mathematics.3The report blames(归咎于)poor safety standards for the accident.4 Several important legal questions arose(出现)in the contract negotiations.5 She was always defending(辩解)her husband in front of their daughter.6 We only employ female workers.7 He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.8 She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.9 Columbus made an important contribution to the discovery of the new continent.10Every year，new graduates are seeking for jobs suitable for themselves.拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1 willing adj.愿意的，乐意的unwilling adj.不愿意的 2employ vt.雇用employee n雇员，受雇者employer n雇主employment n工作，职业，受雇 3defend vt.为辩解；保卫defence n保卫，防御defender n防御者 4 respect vt.尊敬，尊重respecting prep.关于respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的respectable adj.体面的 5 suit v合适，适合suitable adj.合适的 寻规律、巧记忆 unadj.adj.(反)v.er./een.(人)unusual 不寻常的 unfortunate 不幸的 uncomfortable 不舒服的 interviewer 采访人，面试官interviewee 被采访者，应试者 trainer 训练员trainee 受训者.补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 -2-1 in favour of 支持，赞同 2 in public 公共地 3 a series of 一系列的 4 concentrate on 专注于 5 consist of 由组成 6 stand out 突出，显眼 7 make contributions to 贡献 8 participate in 参加，参与 9 as well as 也 10in competition with 与竞争.选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1 He was in competition with 10 others for the job.2 He is too embarrassed to give his views in public 3 Each party shall consist of not less than ten.4 The band arranged for a series of concerts.5 I must concentrate on my work now.寻规律、巧记忆 inn.of介词短语 consistprep.动词短语 in search of 寻找 in memory of 为了纪念 in honour of 为向表示敬意 consist of 由组成 consist in 在于；存在于 consist with 与一致 背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实 1.It is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which may be a general location.它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”。He is likely to be one of my old friends；I cant remember clearly.他很可能是我的一位老朋友，我记不清了。2.The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern as well as用作介词，意思是“除之外还有”，后面He as well as his classmates is fond of pop music.他和他的同学都喜欢流行音乐。-3-advertisements.当今的顶级广告商认为，在现代广告中运用既出其不意、新颖独特又幽默的创意很重要。通常接名词或动名词。3.However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务。not all.意为“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。Not everyone likes that actors works according to a survey.根据一项调查发现，并非所有的人都喜欢那个演员的作品。blame vt.责怪，归咎于 n 过失；责备(教材 P24).is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.经常因鼓励猎奇名流的摄影记者受到责备。(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事责怪某人；责怪某人某事 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎到某人身上 be to blame for sth.对某事应负责任；应受谴责(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 They blamed the failure on Tom.他们把失败归咎于汤姆。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.许多人早上起不来床，转而责怪闹钟。She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。He was to blame for the accident and was really blamed for it.(blame)他应该为这次事故受责备，也确实受到了责备。名师点津 to blame在作表语、定语的时候，用主动形式表示被动含义。-4-pretend vt.假装(教材 P24)Pretending to be a repair man to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.假装成为一名修理工，进入一个电影明星的房子，拍摄她日常生活的照片。pretendto be.假装是to do 假装做to be doing 假装正在做to have done 假装做过that.假装 He didnt want to analyse the data,so he pretended to be ill.他不想分析那些数据，所以他假装生病了。He pretended to be doing(do)his lessons when his mother came in.母亲进来的时候，他假装正在做功课。She pretended that she didnt know me when we met in the street.She pretended not to know(not know)me when we met in the street.我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我。名师点津 pretend to do的否定形式为：pretend not to do假装没做某事。respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n尊敬，敬意；细节，方面(教材 P25)The media should respect famous peoples privacy.媒体应该尊重名人的隐私。(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人 respect sb.as 尊敬某人为(2)show/have respect for sb.尊重某人 with respect 尊敬地 in this/that respect 在这/那一方面 out of respect 出于尊敬 We should show respect for our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。She has always been honest with me，and I respect her for this.她对我一直很真诚，我非常敬重她这一点。It is worth remembering that children tend to copy their parents in this respect.值得记住的是孩子们在这一方面往往会效仿父母。suitable adj.合适的，适当的 -5-(教材 P26)However，this kind of advertising might not be suitable when there are products and services in direct competition with each other in the market place.然而，当产品和服务在市场上互相进行直接竞争时，这种广告可能就不适合了。(1)be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.适合做某事(2)suit vt.(使)适合 suit.to.使适合于 I think this place is suitable for you to sell souvenirs to tourists.我认为这个地方适合你卖纪念品给游客。This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay students.这种住宿方式提供独立的生活方式，它更适合于长期居住的学生。A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.一位优秀的老师应使他讲的课适合学生的年龄。consist of 由组成(教材 P26)Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.有些广告中含有图片或专家说的话，告诉人们该产品如何好。(1)consist in(本质)在于；存在于 consist with 与一致(2)consistent adj.前后一致的；相符的 be consistent in 在方面一致 be consistent with 与一致，符合 Happiness consists in health.幸福在于健康。你现在说的话与上星期你说的不相符。What youre saying now is not consistent with what you said last week.名师点津 consist of不用被动语态，不用进行时态，常用现在分词形式作定语。approach n方法，方式 vi.靠近，走近；处理；找商量(教材 P26)For many of todays advertisers,repeating old ideas is not a successful approach.对当今很多广告设计者来说，重复旧的理念已不是有效的办法。-6-at ones approach 某人一接近 make approaches to sb.设法接近某人 an approach to.解决的方法，通往 的道路(to 是介词)with the approach of 随着的来临(临近)At her approach the children ran off.她走近的时候，孩子们跑了。I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。Im not good at making approaches(approach)to strangers.我不善于接近陌生人。名师点津 (1)用这种方法with this methodin this wayby this means(2)“做某事的方法”approach to.meansmethodof.wayof doing.to do.contribution n贡献，捐助(教材 P26)Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.目前有些广告致力于为社会做贡献。(1)make contributions/a contribution to 为做贡献；捐助(2)contribute v.捐献，捐款，贡献；有助于；促成；投稿 contribute to 有助于；促成；投稿 contribute.to.向捐款/提供 A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.适当的运动量有助于健康。He has made great contributions to the city development.他为城市发展做出了巨大的贡献。He contributed 5，000 dollars to the disasterhit areas.他给灾区捐了 5 000美元。-7-语境助记 Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了学校。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的新闻报道并把它投到了报社。arise vi.发生，出现；起身；起床(教材 P115)Could you tell us how the problem arose?你能告诉我们问题是怎么出现的吗？写出下列句中 arise的含义 Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身 A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.出现 They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 arise from/out ofresult from 产生于，起因于 Accidents often arise from/out of carelessness.事故常起因于粗心。明辨异同 arise/rise/raise/arouse 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 arise vi.arose arisen 出现；起身 rise vi.rose risen 升起，升高；站起，起床 raise vt.raised raised 举起，抬起 arouse vt.aroused aroused 唤起 (arise/rise/raise/arouse)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.She rose/arose to greet her guests.He raised his hand in order that the taxi might stop.The noise aroused the sleeping guard.employ vt.雇用；使用；使忙于(教材 P115).pay high prices for photographs of famous people taken by these -8-selfemployed photographers.给个体经营的摄影师拍摄的名人照片付高价。(1)employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 employ sth.to do sth.利用某物做某事 employ oneself in.be employed in.从事；忙于(2)employer 雇主 employee 雇员(un)employment 就业/失业 They employed her to look after the baby.他们雇用她照料那个婴儿。You should employ your money more wisely to buy(buy)things badly needed.你应该更明智地用你的钱来买最需要的东西。He was busily employed in cleaning(clean)his shoes.他正忙着擦他的鞋子。How long has she been in your employment(employ)?她被你雇用多长时间了？attempt v&n尝试，试图，努力(教材 P115)But sometimes，the paparazzi go too far in their attempt to get the best photographs.有时候，猎奇名流的新闻记者想要得到最好的摄影作品会走的很远。(1)attempt to do sth.make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试(2)attempted adj.未遂的；意图的 an attempted suicide/murder 自杀/谋杀未遂 The prisoner made an attempt to escape.囚犯妄图逃跑。Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut(cut)costs.为了削减费用，两家工厂被关闭了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我考驾驶执照时，一次就通过了。名师点津 -9-attempt to do sth.相当于 try to do sth.，意为“尽力做”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。defend vt.为辩解；保卫(教材 P115)But I know there are people who defend the paparazzi.但我知道有人会为猎奇名流的新闻记者辩护。(1)defend.against/from.保护不受 defend sb./oneself/sth.(from/against.)为辩解(2)defence n.保卫；辩护 in defence of.为申辩，为了保卫 They defend their country against/from enemies.他们保卫自己的国家不受敌人侵犯。She defended herself(she)successfully in the court.她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。She spoke in defence(defend)of her religious beliefs.她为其宗教信仰辩护。in favour of支持，赞同；有利于(教材 P115)Since then，the law and the public opinion have been less in favour of the paparazzi and their job.自那以后，法律和公众舆论就已经对猎奇名流的新闻记者及他们的工作很少支持了。(1)favour n 赞同；恩惠 vt.喜爱；有利于 in ones favour 对某人有利 ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb.求某人帮忙 do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙(2)favourite adj.最喜爱的 favourable adj.赞同的；顺利的，有利的 Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone,will you?劳驾，我打电话时，你能把收音机的声音调小点儿吗？The exchange rate is in our(us)favour today.今天的兑换率对我们有利。Could I ask a favour?Would you pick my son up at the school gate？请你帮我个忙去学校门口接我儿子好吗？Such events occur only when the external conditions are favourable(favour)-10-这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。(教材 P26)It is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which may be a general location.它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。【要点提炼】句中 It is likely to do.表示“很可能”，其中 likely是形容词，表示“很可能的”。It is likely that.Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.很可能 It is likely that he will attend the meeting.He is likely to attend(attend)the meeting.他很可能会出席会议。明辨异同 likely/probable/possible 易混词 语气强弱 主语 常用句型 likely 语气较 possible强，较probable弱，表示“十有五六”的可能性 作表语时，主语为人、物或形式主语 it be likely to do sth.It is likely that.probable 语气最强，表示“十有八九的可能性”作表语时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语一般为that引导的从句 It is probable that.possible 语气最弱，表示“十有二三的可能性”作表语时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语一般为不定式或 that引导的从句 It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.It is possible that.(likely/probable/possible)It is possible for me to change jobs，but I am not sure.Im likely to be very busy tomorrow.It is probable/likely/possible that he will set a world record.(教材 P26)The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements.当今的顶级广告商认为，在现代广告中运用既出其不意、新颖独特又幽默的创意很重要。【要点提炼】句中 as well as 连接两个名词 humour和 ideas，作动名词 using的宾语。-11-(1)as well as意为“和，也，不但(而且)，既(又)”，用于连接平行结构。连接动词时其后面常用动名词，尤其是位于句首时。它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与 as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)as well as表示同级比较，意为“和一样好”，此时是 as.as.结构。As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。Li Na speaks English as well as a native speaker.李娜英语说得与以英语为母语的人一样好。The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony.那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上演出。名师点津 (1)与 as well as 连接并列成分作主语用法类似的还有 along with，with，besides，but，except，rather than等。(2)as well表示“也”，通常位于句尾，相当于 too。(教材 P26)However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了盈利而推销产品和服务。【要点提炼】句中 not all为部分否定。(1)某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与 not连用表示部分否定，如代词 all，both和形容词 whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括 every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，always，entirely，wholly，quite等也是。(2)英语中的 no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。Our English teacher is excellent，but she cant help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.我们的英语老师非常优秀，但她不能在 50 分钟内帮助每一个人。The rich men are not always happy.有钱的人并非总是幸福的。None of the books are useful to us for the moment.这些书对我们暂时都没用。Neither of them can speak English.他们俩都不会讲英语。解构长句难句 -12-1(教材 P26)For example，it could be“Shanghai Sewing Machine”or“Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”，and you would know what the companies sell，where they are located，and the brand names.【分析】本句是由 and连接的两个并列句。在后一个分句中，又包含着 what引导的宾语从句和 where引导的宾语从句。【翻译】例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”，或者是“青岛啤酒公司”，并且你会知道这些公司销售什么，它们的位置以及商标名称。2(教材 P26)Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive.【分析】本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句。full of competition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 a world，意为“一个充满竞争的世界”；by combining.with.是介词短语作方式状语；linked to the products是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 ideas；to make them more attractive是不定式短语作目的状语。【翻译】现代的广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。.单句语法填空 1 She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death 2 The children were employed in weeding(weed)the garden.3 The management is making a serious attempt to improve(improve)working conditions.4 The frank exchange of views contributed to better understanding(understand)5 I know a new approach to the difficult problem.6 Happiness consists in trying to do our duty.7 When I saw her，she pretended to be sleeping(sleep)8 Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence(defend)of his country?9 The husband arose(arise)and looked out of the window.10He as well as I is willing to help(help)you.完成句子 1 It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。2 Not all men can be masters.-13-不是所有的人都能成为大师。3 Which driver was to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？4 Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence of his country?难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？5 She pretended to have learned the text，but she had not.她假装学过了这篇课文，其实根本没有。动名词 自主领悟 先观察原句 For many of todays advertisers，repeating old ideas is not a successful approach.Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at.The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money.For example，it could be“Shanghai Sewing Machine”.后自主感悟 1.句为动名词作主语。2 句、句和句均是动名词作宾语，句中动名词作动词的宾语，句和句中动名词作介词的宾语。3 句中动名词作表语；句中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。动词ing 形式具有动词和名词的特点。动词特点体现在可以有自己的宾语、状语、补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词特点体现在可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。一、动词ing 形式的时态、语态和否定形态 动词ing 形式的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动式和被动式；动词ing 形式的否定形式是直接在其前面加上 not。以及物动词 do 为例，列表说明如下：-14-语态 时态 主动(肯定式/否定式)被动(肯定式/否定式)一般式 doing/not doing being done/not being done 完成式 having done/not having done having been done/not having been done 1.一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；完成式表示动作先于谓语动词完成。Do you like playing chess？你喜欢下棋吗？She was pleased that the teacher wasnt angry with her for having been so careless.她很高兴老师没有因为她的粗心而生气。2 语态主要看与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动词ing 形式动作的执行者就用主动形式，是动词ing 形式动作的承受者就用被动形式。While shopping,people sometimes cant help being persuaded into buying something they dont really need.购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服买他们可能并不需要的东西。3 否定形式是在动词ing 形式前直接加上 not。I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.我必须因没有提前告知你而向你道歉。二、动词ing 的句子成分 1 作主语 Teaching English in a middle school is my fulltime job.在中学教英语是我的专职工作。In some Arabian countries，shaking ones head from side to side means agreement.在一些阿拉伯国家，摇头表示同意。名师点津 动名词和不定式作主语的区别 动名词：动名词作主语通常表示经常性的