2023年高考英语阅读理解备考策略专题02阅读理解之议论文主旨类43979.pdf

专题 02 阅读理解之议论文主旨类 一（2022江苏东海县教育局教研室高一期中）For decades,the homework standard has been a 10-minute rule,which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot（试点的）program for the coming school year,extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.We really want kids to go home at 4 oclock,tired,Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said.We want them to enjoy their families.We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.New solutions to homework differ by community.These local debates arent easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about whats best for kids.The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis（分析）by Duke University professor Harris Cooper,who found evidence（证据）of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement,meaning students who did homework performed better in school.Coopers analysis focused on how homework influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades,for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children,Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students.Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night,he said,but they also shouldnt be doing no homework.However,Cathy Vatterott,an education professor at the University Missouri-St.Louis,thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school,Relationship is not a cause,she said Does homework cause achievement,or do high achievers do more homework?Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks,and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids.1What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term?ANo homework.BSome football practice.C10-minute homework.DMore physical education classes.2Who can perform better according to Coopers analysis?AYounger students in all grades with no homework.BYounger students in lower grades with no homework.COlder students in lower grades with more homework.DOlder students in higher grades with more homework.3Whats the writers attitude towards 10-minute homework?APositive.BNegative.CUnknown.DDoubtful.4What is the best title for the text?AIs homework good for students?BHow much homework is proper?CDoes high-quality homework work?DDo students really hate homework?二（2022江苏宿迁高一期中）Learning to say“yes,and”When I first heard about the improvisation(即兴交流)class,I was hesitating.As a quiet and shy girl,I feared improvising in front of strangers.However,I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D,so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively.I signed up,knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class,we learned an important concept of improvisation:“yes,and.”It means that,as improvisers,wed better accept what fellow performers say.If someone says that rhinos(犀牛)are librarians,for example,then rhinos are librarians.We do not question the logic;we say“yes”and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard,but as weeks turned into months,I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes.I became better at listening,relating to my conversation partners,and communicating clearly in the moment.Once when I was giving a presentation about my science,an audience member surprised me with a question that didnt grow out of the information Id presented.Instead of getting confused and nervous,I took the“yes,and”approachaccepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked.That helped me find an appropriate answer.I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication.Before attending the class,I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data,thinking that I had made a mistake.But now,instead of getting discouraged,I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real,keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cellone that isnt behaving as expected.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.If the data say rhinos are librarians,then its worth finding out whether rhinos are,in fact,librarians.As scientists,our job isnt to challenge data that support,a preconceived story,but to say“yes,and.”5Why did the author attend the improvisation class?ATo get a different experience.BTo finish her Ph.Dat university.CTo give up her job as a science communicator.DTo improve her speaking and communicating ability.6What was the authors change after attending the improvisation class?AShe formed her own idea quickly.BShe came up with lots of creative responses.CShe paid more attention to the logic of answers.DShe became a good listener before giving an opinion.7The author mentions applying the“yes,and”approach to her scientific experiments to _.Aexplain the process of using the method Bprove the benefits of the improvisation class Cshare her own research experiences with readers Dattract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class 8What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?AThey should attend the improvisation class.BThey should question all preconceived ideas.CThey should carry on research by admitting earlier data.DThey should try to improve their academic knowledge.答案 一（2022江苏东海县教育局教研室高一期中）二1A 2D 3C 4A【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行讨论。1细节理解题。根据第二段“A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot（试点的）program for the coming school year,”（麻省的一个小学已经宣布了一个在即将到来的这个学年没有作业的试点项目。）可知，Kelly Elementary School 在新学期将没有作业。故选 A。2推理判断题。根据第四段“meaning students who did homework performed better in school.Coopers analysis focused on how homework influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades”（意思是做家庭作业的学生们的学校表现要更好。Cooper 的分析集中在家庭作业是如何影响考试成绩的。这个关系对于 7 到 12 年级的大点的学生要比那些年龄小点的强。）可知，年龄大点的高年级学生作业多的学校表现会更好。故选 D。3推理判断题。文章只是在第一段“For decades,the homework standard has been a 10-minute rule,which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.”（几十年来，家庭作业的标准一直都是“10 分钟”原则，意思是每个年级每天最多写 10 分钟的家庭作业。）和第二段“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.”（但是有一些学校已经开始让小年龄的学生们打破这个规则了。）阐述了一下“10 分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。故选 C。4主旨大意题。本文由“10 分钟”原则引入学生们的家庭作业问题，接下来告诉读者有一些小学要实施没有家庭作业的试点项目，然后阐述了专家的意见：高年级的学生们家庭作业多的在考试中表现会更好。所以，总结来说，这篇文章就是围绕家庭作业对学生们好不好来讨论的。故选 A。二（2022江苏宿迁高一期中）5D 6D 7B 8C【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes,and”方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。5细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“As a quiet and shy girl,I feared improvising in front of strangers.However,I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D.,so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively.I signed up,knowing the experience would give me help.”（作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此，这似乎是一个学习如何有效地与他人交谈和沟通的绝佳机会。我报名了，因为我知道这段经历会给我帮助）可知，因为作者打算的完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，需要提高与他人交谈和沟通的能力，但她一个安静害羞的女孩，她参加即兴交流课是想要提高自己的交谈和沟通的能力，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。故选 D 项。6细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“The first few scenes were hard,but as weeks turned into months,I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes.I became better at listening,relating to my conversation partners,and communicating clearly in the moment.”（最初的几个场景很难，但随着上了几个月课后，我变得更舒服了，甚至开始享受我们的课程。我变得更善于倾听，更善于与我的谈话伙伴交流，也更善于在这一刻清晰地沟通）可知，在上了几周课后，作者变得更善于倾听，更善于与谈话伙伴交流，也更善于清晰地沟通，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。故选 D 项。7推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Before attending the class,I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data,thinking that I had made a mistake.But now,instead of getting discouraged,I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real,keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cellone that isnt behaving as expected.”（在上课之前，当我的实验产生意想不到的数据时，我会被卡住，觉得自己犯了一个错误。但是现在，我不会灰心，而是会对结果是真实的可能性保持开放态度，继续探索数据，最终发现一种新类型的细胞一种不符合预期的细胞）和最后一段关键句“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”（我认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益）可知，运用了“yes,and”方法，让作者在进行科学实验的过程中受益，她会对意想不到的结果持开放态度，继续研究，最终有了意想不到的科学发现，她认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益，由此可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes,and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。故选 B 项。8推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“If the data say rhinos are librarians,then its worth finding out whether rhinos are,in fact,librarians.As scientists,our job isnt to challenge data that support,a preconceived story,but to say“yes,and.”（如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就有必要了解犀牛是否是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是去挑战支持一个事先形成的描述的数据，而是说“yes,and”）可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪，由此可知，从最后一段可以推断出科学家应该通过接受早期数据进行研究。故选 C 项。