2020人教版高一英语开学讲练必修3Unit1(串讲)45134.pdf

1必修 3 Unit1 Festivalsaround the world重难点大串讲一 词汇串讲1.take place发生，举行The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.Gread changes have taken place in China in the past 10 years.take place 事先计划或预想到事情的发生，不及物动词，无被动The next meeting will take place on Tuesday.breake out 仅用于负面场合，多指灾难，战争，疾病Afire broke out during the night.SARS broke out all over China in the spring of e about 中性词，既可以表示负面，也可以表示正面十五的发生Tell me how the accident came about,will you?happen 不及物，无被动，一切事物的偶然或未能预见的发生。The accident happened yesterday.Abig earthquake happened inAmerica.2.beauty 美丽；美人；美丽的东西He was impressed by her beauty and charm.。She is a great beauty.Im surprised at the beauty of her poetry.3.harvest(n.)收获，收成，收获量；(vt.)收获,收割a good/poor harvest;It was harvest time.Poor harvests increased food prices.There are many farmers harvesting their crops in the field.4.celebration(n.)庆祝，庆祝会celebrate(vt.)庆祝，庆贺We held a celebration to celebrate National Day.=We held a celebration in celebration of National Day5.starve(vt.)使挨饿，使饿死。They tried to starve the army to give in.（vi）感觉很饿（仅用于进行时态）When will the dinner be ready?Im starving.starve to death饿死They got lost in the desert ane starved to death.starve for 渴望得到=long for=be dying for6.in memory of纪念，追念2The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together.He founded the charity in memory of his father.in+n+of表示某种行为的目的或性质eg:in search ofin favour ofin support ofin place ofin need ofin honour of7.feast(宗教的)节日；vt.款待，宴请；vi.大吃大喝，享受美食。Christmas is an important feast for Christians.He said he would feast us on turkey.feast ones eyes(on sb./sth)feast sb.on sthtreat sb.to sth.8.belief(beliefs)信任，信仰I have no great belief in doctors.I dont think it is right to laugh at other peoples beliefs.beyond beliefshake ones belief into the best of ones belief9.dress up盛装，打扮，装饰；She likes to dress up for a party.dress up as装扮成，打扮成。He dress up as a policeman.dress(vi,vt)给。穿衣服After the bath,he dressed himself.She hurriedly dressed her son and drove him to the nearest hospital.10.play a trick on=play tricks on欺骗某人，开某人的玩笑。The naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.You should never play a trick on a disabled person.make fun of 嘲笑，取笑；make a fool of愚弄，嘲笑。11.arrival到达，抵达；到达的人或物。On ones arrival=on arriving某人一到达就。The arrival of the train has been delayed.On(our)arrival at the farm,we were warmly welcomed by the farmers.Late arrivals must wait at the entrance.There are three arrivals in our class.12.gainvt.得到。，获得，赚得;增添，增加Hes gained the respect of his friends.He was so lucky that he gained fill marks in the final examination.Eat well if you want to gain strength after your illness.His watch gains two minutes every day.3The train was gaining speed.n.利益，收获。No pains,no gains.We didnt make any gain when we sold our house.13.independence(n.)独立，自主。independent（adj.）独立的，自立的。Finland gained independence from Russia during the First World War.He enjoys living a life of independence.This money gives me independence from my family.(使我不必再依赖家庭)The job will make him independent of his parents.14.gather(vt)采集，收割，收获；收集，积累，渐增；集合，使聚集。The girl gathers flowers from the garden.The farmers are gathering(in)crops in the fields.The mother told the boy to gather his toys up.He gathered information for his friends.The car he drove gathered speed.The teacher gathered all the students on the playground.15.award(n.)奖励，奖品。Win/receive an award.He received an award of 1,000 dollars.The award ceremony will be held at the National Film Theartre tonight.(vt)授予，奖予，给予。授予某人某物：award sb.sth.(for sth.)award sth.to sb.be awarded sth.for(sth.)They awarded her a medal for bravery.Agold medal was awarded to the winner.=The winner was awarded a gold medal.16.admire(vt)欣赏，赞赏，羡慕。Eg:I admired and respect you more than I can say.I admired him for his success in business.Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour.17.look forward to期望，期待，盼望“to”为介词，后接名词，代词，动名词。Eg:I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.The day we look forward to came at last.Im looking forward to your early reply.418.day and night(night and day)名词词组做状语eg:He worked day and night to support his family.He caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night.19.have fun with 玩得开心。have fun/What fun it is to do sth.make fun of=poke fun at 取笑;拿开玩笑。Eg:You are sure to have a lot of fun at the party tonight.There is no fun in spending the evening doing nothing.What fun(=How enjoyable)it is to play with snow.20.custom(C,U)习俗，风俗，惯例；习惯；Eg:It is difficult to get used to another countrys custom.It is the custom for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.The custom of giving presents at Christmas has a long history.It is his custom to listen to music for an hour every day.Custom 用作复数，意思是“关税，海关”Eg：It took us an hour to get through/pass the customs.21.fool(n.)蠢人，傻子，笨蛋。（vt&vi）愚弄，欺骗，开玩笑。make a fool of sb.愚弄某人；fool sb.into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事Eg:Ifelt that Sally had made a complete fool of me.I suddenly realised that I was being fooled.Dont pay any attention to Henry.He is just fooling.Dont be fooled into believing their promises.22.permission(n.)准许，许可，批准。without permission.give sb.permission to do sth.eg:You are not allowed to camp here without permission.With your permission,Id like to say a few words.Who gave you permission to come here?23.turn up 1.）来（开会），出现；2.）开大（灯火，煤气，收音机等）；3.）卷起衣袖，翻起衣领Eg:He promised to come,but he hasnt turned up yet.The book you have lost will turn up one of these days.Turn up the radio so that I can hear it better.5Father came back from the fields,the bottom of his trousers turned up.turn down/into/in/on/off/over/out/to.24.keep ones word=keep ones promise(履行诺言，遵守诺言)Eg:He promised to help and kept his word at last.You should keep your word once you make it.Since you have promised him,you should keep your word.break ones word(食言);get in a word 插嘴）;in a word 总之，一句话;in other words.25.hold ones breath;Eg:He jeld his breath,not daring to make any sound.The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake.The race was so close that everyone was holding his breath at the finish.(势均力敌的比赛)take a deep breath=breathe deeply;lose ones breath;(喘不过气来)out of breath(上气不接下气)；under ones breath(小声地，悄悄地)26.apologize(apologise)vi.道歉，认错。1.)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth.Eg:You must apologize to your teacher for being so rude.I apologize for my braeking your glasses.John apologized to Mary for having kept her waiting.2.)apologise to sb.that.Eg:I apologised to my mother that I went home late.拓展：make an apology to sb.for(doing)sth.=offer an apology to sb.for(doing)sthaccept/refuse an apology.Please accept my sincere apology.27.drown(drowned;drowned)1.）vt.把。淹没，浸泡在。里面Eg:The great flood drowned many houses.The cook drowned the fruit with cream.2.)vi&vt 淹死，溺死Eg:The man drowned in the river.It is cruel to drown the cat in the river.3.)把（声音）压倒，盖住，淹没。Eg:The noise of the students drowned the teachers voice.28.obviousadj.明显的，显而易见的。6Eg:He told her an obvious lie.The medicine has no obvious effect.29.set off1.）出发，动身=set out;2.）出去某地用 for+地点；3.）引爆，燃放Eg:All the family set off forAustralia next week.Our manager will set off on a trip toAfrica.They set off=out at dawn.Somebody was setting off fireworks down the street.30.remindremind sb.of sth;remind sb.to do sth;remind sb.that.Eg:Remind me to get up early.I must remind you of your promise.The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.He reminded me that I hadnt watered the flowers.Astudent should always remind himself not to be late for class.31.forgive(forgave,forgiven)vt&vi,宽恕，饶恕，原谅forgive sb.for doing stheg:Ill never forgive you for what you said to me last night.Please forgive him for his rudeness/being tude.The teacher forgave him though he made faces in class.Ill never forgive you for what you have done to your parents.二 句型串讲1.The country is covered with cherry trees flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered withpink snow.as though=as if 好像;仿佛;似乎；The boy looks as if he were a big man.2.In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit.it 在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to decorate churches and town halls with flowersand fruit。3.If they are not given anything,the children might play a trick.play a trick(on sb)在这里是“捉弄某人”的意思。类似是表达还有 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人；makejokes about sb 开某人的玩笑。The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher.7Don t laugh at the people in trouble.How dare you make jokes about your boss?4.Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.year/day/life of plenty 表示“富足的年景/日子/生活”。You have a life of plenty，what would you be worried about？5.Festivalsare meant tocelebrate important times of year.mean sb.to do sth 要某人干某事，其被动语态为:be meant to do stheg:I didnt mean you to read the letter.I never meant him to work for us.You are meant to pay before you come in.mean to do sth.打算干某事；mean doing sth 意味着。eg:I dont mean to argue with you.Missing the flight means waiting for another three hours.6.what kind of information you think will be introduced in the passage.you think 插入语introduce sb.to sb.向某人介绍另一个人introduce oneself 自我介绍Eg：I was introduced to Mrs white.被介绍给怀特夫人认识。Please let me introduce myself:My name is Tom.7.wouldcelebrate the end of the cold weather.would在此处表示过去的习惯，习性，倾向等。意思是“过去常常”经常跟often,sometimes,frequently,for hours 连用。Eg:When I was young,I would go swimming in summer and go skating in winter.During the time he was abroad,he would get up at six every day.Often he would work by candle light into the night.8.iffood was difficult to find.food was difficult to find“主语+be+adj.+不定式”Eg：English is difficult to learn well in a short time.The problem is rearlly hard to work out.My boss is easy to get along with.在形容词“easy，difficult,comfortable,heavy,expensive”用不定式做状语，主动表被动。9.Some festivals are heldto honourthe deador to satisfythe.8honour纪念，给以荣誉。构成短语：in honour of 纪念。，向。表示敬意do honour to sb.=do sb.honour 对某人表示敬意satisfyvt.使满意，使满足，满足（某人的）要求。Eg:Nothing satisfies him;Hes always complaining.The answer wont satisfy him.Some people are hard to satisfy.常用搭配：be satisfied with sb./sth.对。感到满意be satisfied to do sth.对做。感到满意区分 satisfied 和 satisfying10.She could be with her friends right nowlaughing at him.Findingthat Zhinv was heart-broken,her.Laughing at.是现在分词短语作伴随状语Finding that.是现在分词短语作原因状语。Eg：Being so poor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.Walking out of the room,he found the boy still there.Her husband died in 1986,leaving her with two children.They stood there for an hour,watching the game.11.It was obvious thatthe manager of the.It was obvious that the driver couldnt control his car.It is obvious that she is very clever.It is certain that he will not attend the meeting.他一定不参加会议。12.Whileshe wason earthshe met the herd boyWhile 1.)表示当。时候；He fell asleep while(he was)watching TV.While(he was)inAmerica he studied medicine.2.)只要；While there is life,there is hope.3.)但是，可是，而，表示对比转折You like sports,while I like reading.My father is a doctor,while my mother is a teacher.4.)虽然，尽管While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you.On earth“在人间，在世界上”还可以表示“到底，究竟，全然”用在疑问句，否定句或者最高级后面加强语气。9Eg:Im the luckiest one on earth.What on earth are you doing here?13.was married to a human.be married to 此处 to 不能换做 with.另外 marry 跟时间段连用时用 have been married for.She was married to a doctor.They have been married for three years三 语法串讲may/might,can/could,will/would,shall/should,must/can 的用法。1.may 与 might 的用法情态动词用法例句may与might表示允许、许可。否定答语一般要用 mustnt，表示“禁止、阻止”之意。-May I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you may./No,you mustnt.在表示请求、允许时,might 比may 的语气更委婉一些。在日常口语中，用 can 征询对方意见更为常见。-Might I use your telephone?-Yes,please.-May/Can I go home now?-Yes,you may/can.表示可能性的推测，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意，用 might代替 may 时，则语气显得更加不肯定。What he said may be true.She may come tomorrow.He might have some fever.2.can 与 could 的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力Some of us can use the computer now,but wecouldnt last year.10与could表示客观的可能性It will be sunny in the daytime,but it could rainlater on this evening.表示请求和允许-Can I go now?-Yes,you can.表示请求,口语中常用 could 代替can,使语气更加婉转Could you wait a few day for the money?Could you please show me the way to thestation?表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中）Can this news be true?It cant be the headmaster.Hes gone to Beijing.How can you be so foolish!3.will 与 would 的用法情态动词用法例句will与would用于表示意志或意愿。Will 指现在，would 指过去I will never do that again.They said that they would help us.表示请求、建议等，用 would 比用 will 委婉、客气些Will you please take a message for me?Would you please pass him the book?表示习惯性动作，译为“总是”“惯于”。Will 指现在，would指过去Fish will die without water.Every evening,she would sit by the window,deepin thought.11表示预料或猜想It would be about ten when he left home.I thought he would have told you about that.用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不乐意”No matter what I said,he wouldnt listen to me.4.shall与 should 的用法情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见What shall we do next?Shall I do the washing-up?When shall my brother be able to leave hospital?用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁You shall go with me.(命令)You shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允诺）He shall be punished.（威胁）should表示劝告或建议，作“应该”讲We should be strict with ourselves.You should keep your promise.表示推测，作“可能”、“该”讲The roads should be less crowded today.I should have finished reading it by Friday.Why/how+should 结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思，译为“竟会”Why should you be so late today?（你今天怎么来的这么晚？）I dont know why you should think that I did it.（我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。）5.must,may(might)和 can 表示“推测”的用法情态动词用法例句must只能用于肯定句，表示可能性很大的一种推测，作“肯定”“一定”讲(1)-Look,someone is coming.Who can it be?-It may be the headmaster.-It cant be him.He has gone to Shanghai.12-Then it must be Mr Zhang.He looks like theheadmaster.(2)-What can they be talking about?-They may/must be talking about thequestion raised at the meeting.(3)-Can they have finished the work?-Yes,they may/must have finished it.-No,they cant have finished the work sosoon.-Then they must have played so much.May/might用于肯定句中（可能，或许，大概）；用于否定句中（可能不）。表示可能性较小的一种推测can表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句中四 话题串讲（一）话题综述本单元的中心话题是节日及节假日活动。节日及节假日活动是指春节、元旦、国庆节、植树节、教师节、重阳节、圣诞节、复活节、情人节、母亲节等各种中西方节假日的起源、发展、庆祝方式和假日活动安排，还有生日、周年纪念日、毕业典礼等各种庆祝活动，以及参加这些活动的经历和感受等。暑期、寒假等的活动、社会实践活动或者青年志愿者的活动安排及感受等等。（二）话题词汇中国节日名称1.The Spring Festival 春节2.The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节3.The Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节4.New Year s Day 元旦5.National Day 国庆节6.International Labor Day 五一劳动节7.TeachersDay 教师节8.Children s Day 儿童节9.Women s Day 妇女节10.Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节11.Double Ninth Festival 重阳节1312.Lantern Festival 元宵节西方节日名称1.Christmas day 圣诞节2.Thanksgiving Day 感恩节3.Valentines Day 情人节4.April Fools Day 愚人节5.Halloween Day 万圣节6.Easter Day 复活节7.Mothers Day 母亲节8.Fathers day 父亲节常用词汇1.celebrate 庆祝2.observe 遵守，庆祝3.congratulation 祝贺4.in honor of 为了庆祝5.approach 靠近6.paradise 游行7.celebration 庆祝活动8.feast 盛宴9.popularity 受欢迎10.on holiday 度假11.ask for leave 请假12.cradle of culture 文化摇篮13.traditional culture 传统文化14.artistic taste 艺术品味15.stick to the tradition 坚持传统16.cultural needs 文化需求17.give publicity to宣传 广受欢迎18.enjoy great popularity 16.cultural treasures 文化宝藏19.historical site 古迹1420.material civilization 物质文明（三）话题句型1.National Day is coming.国庆节快到了。