2020届高三精准培优专练十三阅读理解七选五(教师版)43665.pdf

名师整理，助你成功 2019 届高三名师教育精准培优专练 Passage1（2019全国 I 卷阅读理解七选五）Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air”._36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)._38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead._39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin,they also give is beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.培优点十三 阅读理解七选五 一、真题在线 名师整理，助你成功 D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate air with health care.G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【答案】36.E 37.A 38.G 39.C 40.D【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的名师处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有名师处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。【解析】36.根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有 E 选项是一般疑问句。故选 E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有名师处吗？空前的 people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。37.根据下一句中提到的“If the air youre breathing is cleanthe air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“breathe more deeply,allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选 A 选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。38.根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有 G 选项提到该类名词，故选项 G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places 就是指 Healing Gardens。39.前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的名师的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良名师。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的名师处，空后的 it 也要指代这种情况。故 C 选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40.根据下文中提到的“the suns raysgive us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的名师处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有 D 选项涉及阳光。故选 D：获得新鲜空气的另一个名师处是阳光。Passage2（2019全国 II 卷阅读理解七选五）Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin._36_Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.名师整理，助你成功 _37_More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work._38_So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible._39_They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However,this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.【答案】36.G 37.B 38.A 39.E 40.C【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。【解析】36.上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选 G。37.下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B 选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选 B。38.上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。名师整理，助你成功 该空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选 A。39.上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选 E。40.上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够名师。”下文说“你应该 重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这不要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。Passage3（2019全国 III 卷阅读理解七选五）In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important._36_ While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.Dos _37_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design,read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue._38_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor._39_ Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class._40_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A.Thats what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed,they will ask.D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E.Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.名师整理，助你成功 G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions.【答案】36.E 37.G 38.A 39.C 40.F【文章大意】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。【解析】36.根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项 E 符合语境。37.根据其后一句 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的，解释了什么样的问题是名师问题，可知，与 G 项“make sure they are good,thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些名师的令人深思的问题，故选 G。38.根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）,blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选 A。39.根据本段 Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最名师的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项 C 符合语境。40.通读本段，并根据本段主题句 Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太名师的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项 F 符合上下文语境。Passage4（2019浙江卷阅读理解七选五）Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music._31_ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England._32_ They held large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说).John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year._33_ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New 的名师整理，助你成功 York on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them._34_ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market._35_ A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.D.However,their songs changed the lives of generations to come.E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.F.They appeared in the films A Hard Days Night(1964)and Help！(1965).G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS televisions 53rd street studio.【答案】31.C 32.B 33.A 34.G 35.E【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。【解析】31.第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的 at that time 可知前句提到了时间，而且与 rock music 有关，选项中只有 C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选 C。32.空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前 extremely popular in England,以及后文的 they became the hottest thing 可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项 B:甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流，符合文意，且关键词 even 是一个提示，故选 B。33.根据空后 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.他们不确定美国人怎样反应，可知他们首次来美国演出，所以 A 项：决定首次到美国开巡回演出，符合文意，故选 A。34.根据空后 The concert was broadcast live可知前句中应该出现 concert，选项 G 中的关键词 their first concert 前后呼应。故选 G。35.由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会，E 项：很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士，符合逻辑。故选 E。Passage5（2019北京卷阅读理解七选五）名师整理，助你成功 Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._46_Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent？_47_They focused on football，basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70%of the players are top talent；above that level,the teams performance begins to decline.Interestingly，this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions._48_In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”_49_ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force._50_An A-team may require a balancenot just A players，but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【答案】46.B 47.E 48.G 49.D 50.F【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最名师球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。【解析】46.上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最名师方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司名师整理，助你成功 花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B 选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人 才。”切题，故选 B。47.下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有名师有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选 E。48.上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场名师的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G 选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。49.上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D 选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选 D。50.下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最名师球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F 选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选 F。Passage1 How You Open Your Car Door Matters to Cyclists The“Dutch Reach”isnt a new dance move or a random YouTube challenge._1_ And you might keep your car door safe in the process,too.All you have to do is change how you open your door.Typically,a person sitting in the drivers seat of a car opens the door with the hand closest to it.It makes sense since doors are designed to be opened that way.Pull the handle and the door is open.But if you happen to do that at the wrong time,you may unknowingly create an obstacle for a passing cyclist.The cyclist might be knocked down off the bike._2_ Clearly,the solution is for the person exiting the vehicle to check for traffic.However,the car door design and long-time habits have made the process automatically._3_ Open your car door with your other hand using the Dutch Reach.So instead of using your left hand,reach for the door handle with your right.This will force you to turn your body.At the very least,youll look into your side view mirror to check for any traffic._4_ All Dutch are taught it.Its part of regular driver education.The technique dates back about 50 or 60 years in the Netherlands.In 2016 an American named Michael Charney started the Dutch Reach Project.He wanted to popularize the practice in the United States.Charneys efforts may be paying off._5_ 二、对点专练 名师整理，助你成功 A.The car door is likely to be damaged by the fast-moving bicycle.B.The Dutch are used to opening their car doors this way.C.Several states now include the Dutch Reach in their drivers handbooks.D.Its a simple move that can help prevent harm to cyclists.E.People are trying to change the way to open the car.F.It is easy to do once you are used to it.G.Luckily,theres a simple way to solve the problem.【答案】1.D 2.A 3.G 4.B 5.C【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“荷兰式开车门法”the“Dutch Reach”。【解析】1.承接上句“The Dutch Reach isnt a new dance move or a random YouTube challenge.”本句为给出 the“Dutch Reach”的定义，并由 D 选项的主语 it 指代前句的主语。故选 D。2.由前句“The cyclist might be knocked down off the bike.”讲的是骑自行车的人被门撞倒了，可以推知后一句应为车门被自行车撞后的后果。前句有 might be 与 A 选项中 be likely to 承接，故选 A。3.由后一句“Open your car door with your other hand using the Dutch Reach.”可推迟这是针对上文出现的