阅读理解精练10-2022届高考英语专训39039.pdf

阅读理解精练10 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。（一）When I was a boy，I belonged to the Boy Scouts so I used to go camping every summer，and once something happened which I have never been able to explain.We were camping in a place above a river.After arriving，we all rushed down to the river and had a swim.Standing by the river，we noticed that it was surrounded环绕 by cliffs悬崖.If someone wanted to reach the river at this point，he had to walk past our camp.Several days later，the scoutmaster had to be away for a day.That afternoon，we had supper early.We were sitting round the fire，eating and talking，when a man walked past and went down towards the river.We all felt that this man looked very strange，but，because each of us was afraid of looking very stupid，no one said anything.We ate rather slowly，taking as long as possible.After finishing，we collected our plates together so that we could take them to the river where we always washed them.But no one moved towards the riverwe stood looking at each other ashamed.Then all shouting at once，we began talking about the man who had walked past us.We agreed how strange he looked and we wondered what he could be doing by the river.We knew that he could only return by passing through our camp.An hour passed.Then one of the boys suggested we should creep悄悄移动 down by the river so that we could see what the man was doing.Moving very slowly and keeping in the shadow，we crept down towards the bank.One boy climbed a tree so that he could see everything clearly.He called to us that there was no one there，so we ran down to the bank，looking everywhere carefully.We could not understand where the man had gone.When it got dark，we went back to our camp feeling bewildered.We told the scoutmaster what had happened in the evening.Smiling，he doubted that we had seen the man，but finally suggested we go and look again.We did，but there was no one there.Many years have passed，but I still remember it as if it were yesterday.What did we see？I do not know.1.The writer in the text mainly tells us _.A.the story of his childhood B.a strange camping experience C.about a stranger by the river D.about a good place for camping 2.Why did the boys eat their supper slowly？A.They wanted to delay going to the river bank.B.They were sitting for their scoutmaster.C.They had a supper earlier than usual.D.They were taking while eating.3.The word“Bewildered”in the text probably means _.A.ashamed B.nervous C.unable to understand D.eager to know something 4.When he heard what had happened，the scoutmaster _.A.realized who the man was B.started to worry about the man C.went back to look for the man D.felt it hard to believe the boys 5.The writer still remembers the event because _.A.the boys acted foolishly B.the camping place is beautiful C.there has been no explanation for the event D.he particularly enjoyed his camping that summer.（二）Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii，Italy.They see the sights that Pompeii is famous forits stadium and theatres，its shops and restaurants.The tourists do not，however，see Pompeiis people.They do not see them because Pompeii has no people.No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years.Once，Pompeii was a busy city of 22000 people.It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius，a grass-covered volcano火山.Mount Vesuvius had not erupted喷发for centuries，so the people of Pompeii felt safe.But they were not.In August of AD 79，Mount Vesuvius erupted.The entire top of the mountain exploded，and a huge black cloud rose into the air.Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii.When the eruption ended two days later，Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes.Almost all of its people were dead.For centuries，Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash.Then，in the year 1861，an Italian scientist named Giuseppe began to uncover Pompeii.Slowly，carefully，Giuseppe and his men dug.The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79.There were streets and fountains，houses and shops.There was a stadium with 20000 seats.Perhaps the most important of all，there were everyday objects，which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii.Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom，so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine.They liked bread，too;metal bread pans were in every bakery.In one bakery there were 81 round，flat loaves of breada type of bread that is still sold in Italy today.Tiny boxes filled with a dark，shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye-makeup.Giuseppe has died，but his work continues.One-fourth has not been uncovered yet.Scientists are still digging，still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.1.Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year？A.To visit the volcano.B.To shop and eat there.C.To watch sports and plays.D.To see how Pompeians lived.2.Why had so many Pompeians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius？A.The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.B.The area produced the finest wine in Italy.C.Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.D.The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.3.Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79？A.Because Giuseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.B.Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.C.Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.D.Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.4.What do we know about the Pompeians who lived 2000 years ago？A.They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.B.They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.C.They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.D.They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.（三）Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute？You wont be for long.Miamis Mark Shanties has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.In Shanties Hi-Rise Recycling System，a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated.The system，which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use，enables glass，plastic，paper，metal，and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door.The board has a button for each class of recycling materials（as well as for unrecyclable）.At the press of a button，a microcomputer locks all other floors chute door and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the no recyclables.Sorting分类 recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting.Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive，so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted.Shanties believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective.1.The purpose in writing this text is _.A.to encourage people to recycle their rubbish B.to introduce a recycling system for high rises C.to describe the use of computer technology in recycling D.to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises 2.When he says“You wont be for long”the writer means that _.A.youll soon be living in a cleaner building B.rubbish chutes will become out of date before long C.you wont wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish D.it wont be long before youll have to recycle your rubbish 3.Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to _.A lock the other floors chute doors B.check if the container is full C.press the correct button D.break up the rubbish 4.The biggest advantage of this new system is that _.A.it reduces the cost of recycling B.it saves time and space C.it saves money for people living in high rises D.it makes better use of the existing recovery equipment（四）Olaf Stapleton wrote a book called First and Last Men，in which he looked millions of years ahead.He told of different men and of strange civilizations文明，broken up by long“dark ages”in between.In his view，what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men.In 2，000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.However，most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted.Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years.But the next hundred？The next thousand？The next million？Thats much more difficult.When men and women lived by hunting 50，000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life？Yet to men of 50，000 years from now，we may seem as primitive原始的 in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us.Perhaps they will spend their days rollicking to make new spindles，or struggling with their ballalators through the crib.These words，which I have just made up，have to stand for things and ideas that we simply cant think of.So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future？Here are two reasons.First，unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history，we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are.If we make the earth a poor place to live because we are careless or greedy贪婪 or quarrelsome，our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.Second，by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future，we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.For example，if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming，we can think of trying it now.So set your imagination free when you think about the future.1.A particular mention made of Staple dons book in the opening paragraph _.A.serves as a description of human history B.serves an introduction to the discussion C.shows a disagreement of views D.shows the popularity of the book 2.The text discusses men and women 50，000 years ago and 50，000 years from now in order to show that _.A.human history is extremely long B.life has changed a great deal C.it is useless to plan for the next 50 years D.it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future 3.Spindles and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _.A.tools used in farming B.ideas about modern life C.unknown things in the future D.hunting skills in the Stone Age 4.according to the writer of the text，imagining the future will _.A.serve the interests of the present and future generations B.enable us to better understand human history C.help us to improve farming D.make life worth living（五）The easy way out isnt always easiest.I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug，my husband of one month，to a special meal.I glanced through my cook book and chose a menu which included homemade bread.Knowing the bread would take time.I started on it as soon as Doug left for work.As I was not experienced in cooking，I thought if a dozen was good，two dozen would be better，so I doubled everything.As Doug loved oranges，I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl.Soon there was a sticky dough covered with ugly yellowish marks.Realizing I had been defeated，I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work.I went on preparing the rest of the meal，and，when Doug got home，we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice.He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed.Twice he got up and went outside，saying he thought he heard a noise.The third time he left，I went to the windows to see what he was doing.Looking out，I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin，holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container.When I came out of the house，he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in out rubbish bin.Picking up the stick again，he held the lid up enough for me to see.I felt cold.But I stepped closer and looked harder.Without doubt it was my work.The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast酵母 made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing.I had to admit what the living thing？was and why it was there.I dont know who was more embarrassed尴尬 by the whole thingDoug or me.1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _.A.to tell an interesting experience B.to show the easiest way out of a difficulty C.to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D.to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books 2.Why did the womans attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful？A.The canned orange had gone bad.B.She didnt use the right kind of flour.C.The cookbook was hard to understand.D.She did not follow the directions closely.3.Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin？A.She didnt see the use of keeping it.B.She meant to joke with her husband.C.She didnt want her husband to see it.D.She hoped it would soon dry in the sun.4.What made the dough in the bin looks freighting？A.The rising and falling movement.B.The strange-looking marks.C.Its shape.D.Its size.5.When Doug went out the third time，the woman looked out of the window because she was _.A.surprised at his being interested in the bin B.afraid that he would discover her secret C.unhappy that he didnt enjoy the meal D.curious to know what disturbed him 参考答案与解析（一）【答案与解析】这篇文章记叙了作者孩提时代一次难忘的野营经历。在这次野营活动中，作者和其他小伙伴们一道，目睹了一位男士走到他们野营地河边，然后悄然消失，致使作者至今仍百思不得其解。1.B。这是一道对全文主旨进行判断的题目。A 项内容涉及面太广应排除，D 项内容文中未涉及，C 项内容应包含在 B 项之中。2.A。文中第 3 段提及：We ate rather slowly，taking as long as possibleno one moved towards the riverwe stood looking at each other ashamed.可知孩子们细嚼慢咽，不敢去河边洗碗，是因为对这个陌生人的怪诞先是感到害怕，后又因胆小而感到难为情，故应选 A。3.C。明明看到一个人去了河边，却到处找不到，故选 C，即“不可理解”（unable to understand）。4.D。文中提及孩子们将这一奇遇告知童子军首长后，他笑了，对孩子们是否见到这一奇人颇感怀疑（doubt），故应选 D。5.C。由文中第 1 段后半句 and once something happened which I have been able to explain 可知选答案 C。同时从常识角度可知，这一奇遇事件会给作者幼小的心灵烙上永远不可磨灭的、难忘的印迹。（二）【答案与解析】本文记叙了意大利西南部 Vesuvius 火山之南麓古镇庞贝在公元 79 年被火山吞没以及 1861 年被发掘后，古镇人文景观重现于世的故事。1.D。可排除 A、B、C 三项内容，因为文中未涉及此三项内容。人们来庞贝观光游览，当然是领略古镇公元 79 年的人文景观，故应选 D。2.C。文中提及 Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries，so the people of Pompeii felt safe.故选 C。3.B。由于 Pompeii 突然被火山喷发后的石头和灰尘覆盖了 20 英尺，几乎无人存活下来。可以说 Pompeii 是被活埋的，近 1，800 年无人迹可至，故选 B。4.A。根据 In one bakery a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today 可推知答案为 A。（三）【答案与解析】这是一篇介绍美国迈阿密 Mark Shanties 的 Hi-rise Recycling System的文章。1.B。考查写作目的。文章第 1 段说：由于你住在带有垃圾通道的高层建筑里，对垃圾的回收不便是情有可原的;但是在不久的将来这种不回收的借口是不存在的了。美国迈阿密州 Mark Shanties 已经使住在高层建筑里的人们利用垃圾通道回收利用垃圾变得简单了，应选 B。2.D。Mark Shanties 已经使得住在高层建筑里的人们利用垃圾通道回收利用垃圾变成了一件简单的事，应选 D。3.C。文章第 2 段言及这套垃圾处理系统含有六个可旋转的容器;文章第 3 段言及只要你按一种按钮，这个电脑系统就将其余各层其余的通道锁住，只让你按的那个按钮的通道畅通。因此按何种按钮是垃圾分类的关键。4.C。文章最后一段提及，在收集垃圾之前将它们分类节省了使用分类设备的费用，而使用这些设备又得被回收物质白白地浪费了。Shanties 相信这套回收系统有助于可回收物质变得更有（经济）效益。（四）【答案与解析】这是一篇由 Olaf Stapleton 所著的最初的和最后的人类而引出的关于幻想未来的文章。1.B。用排除法解答：先排除 A，因为这篇短文并非是对人类历史进行描述;再排除 C，因为作者在此文章中并非表明对不同观点的否定;最后排除 D，因为作者并非要说明这本书的普遍意义。至于 B 项内容，正好符合这本书引导人们讨论的意图，故应选 B。2.D。文中提及五万年前，处于狩猎时代的人们不可能勾勒出现代生活的画卷;也许我们将来会被认为是我们所认为的原始人，正如石器时代的狩猎者和我们相比一样，可知要预测较为遥远的未来是一件困难的事情。3.C。从上下文可知，这四个