2020年高考英语八大语法易错点专题：动词不定式45564.pdf

1动词不定式一、单句填空1._(stay)warm atnight,I would fill thewood stove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightso Icouldrefill it.2.Istoppedthecar_(take)a short breakasIwas feeling tired.3.Let thosein need _(understand)thatwe willgo allout to helpthem.4.The airport _(complete)nextyearwillhelppromote tourisminthis area.5.They mightjust have a place_(leave)on thewriting coursewhydontyou giveita try?6.The enginejust wontstart.Somethingseems _(go)wrong withit.7.The oldman satinfrontof thetelevision everyevening,happy _(watch)anything thathappenedtobe on.8.Iremembered _(lock)thedoorbeforeIleft theoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.9.Were havinga meetingin halfan hour.Thedecision_(make)atthemeetingwillinfluence thefuture ofourcompany.10.Ifhe takeson thiswork,he willhave no choicebut_(meet)anevengreater challenge.11.George returned after thewar,only_(tell)thathiswifehad lefthim.12.Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs _(do)toachievethefinal success.13.Having finished her project,she was invited by the school_(speak)tothenew students.14.Thismachineisveryeasy_(operate).Anybody canlearn touseitina few minutes.215.Tom tooka taxitotheairport,only_(find)hisplanehighup inthesky.答案解析1.To stay考查不定式做目的状语2.totake考查不定式做目的状语3.understand 考查动词不定式作使役动词的宾语省略（主动语态中）4.tobe completed考查不定式的将来式作后置定语5.toleave考查不定式作后置定语6.tohavegone 考查不定式的完成式作表语7.towatch考查不定式作状语be+adj.+todo 结构8.tolock考查不定式作宾语，表示未发生的动作remember todo 记得做某事（尚未做）9.tobe made 考查不定式的被动式作后置定语10.tomeet 考查不定式作介词butexcept的宾语，前面无实义动词需要加to11.tobe told考查不定式作结果状语，与only连用表示意外的结果12.tobe done（ordoing）考查不定式作宾语，needtobe done=needdoing13.tospeak考查不定式作主语补足语，invite sb.todo 的被动结构14.tooperate 考查不定式作状语15.tofind考查不定式作结果状语，与only连用表示意外的结果二、语法填空Mbappe,who was bornon 20 December 1998,istechnicallystill on loanatParisSt-Germain from Monacobut _21_(expect)to jointhe Frenchchampions for 180meuros(165.7m)as the second _22_(expensive)playerof alltime.Only the200meuros(177m)PSG paidforBrazilforwardNeymar in2017 surpasses thatfee.Itisnotjust searing paceMbappe isblessed3with but sublimeskill,quickthinking,two cleverfeet,a coolhead,bravery,beliefand a brutaleye forgoal.His two finishes were predatory,low andpowerful.Whats more，He is fast.This requires some clarification:mostprofessional soccerplayersare fast,in the sense_23_ they move morequicklythantheaverageperson.Some arefastina more impressive sense,inthattheymove more quickly thantheaverageprofessionalsoccerplayer.Itwasan incredible performance from a centreforward _24_ has the lot:blisteringpace,goals,touchand technique.At 19,toputina performancelikethat,_25_ millions watchingandMessi attheotherend,itwas simplybrilliant.Mbappe,from thesuburbsofParis,only_26_hisinternationaldebutlastyear.His riseto thetop hasbeen dizzying_27_ he burston to the scene in the 2016-17 season,_28_(score)26 goalsin 44 games as Monacoreachedthe ChampionsLeague semi-finals and won Ligue1.His two goalshere utterly wiped out Argentinas gathering momentumandannouncedhissupreme talent totheworld.Not since1958,when thelegendaryBrazilian Pele,then17,found thenettwiceagainst Sweden inthefinal,has ateenager scoredtwiceina World Cup game.Imveryhappy,and its flattering_29_(compare)to a greatplayerlikePelebuthesinanothercategory,Mbappe said.Still,its greattojointhelist ofplayers that_30_(achieve)suchfeats.答案解析21.is expected考查一般现在时的被动22.most expensive 考查形容词的最高级23.that 考查同位语从句24.who/that 考查定语从句425.with考查介词26.made 考查过去分词做后置定语27.since考查时间状语从句28.scoring 考查现在分词作伴随状语29.tobe compared 考查动词不定式的被动30.haveachieved考查现在完成时翻译：姆巴佩（Mbappe）于1998 年12 月20 日出生，技术上仍然在摩纳哥的巴黎圣日耳曼租借，但预计将以1.8亿欧元（1.657亿英镑）的身份加盟法国队，成为有史以来第二贵的球员。2017 年只有2 亿欧元（1.77亿英镑）的PSG 为巴西前锋内马尔（Neymar）支付超过该费用。这不仅仅是炙热的步伐姆巴佩（Mbappe）有幸拥有但崇高的技巧，敏捷的思维，两只聪明的脚，一个冷静的头脑，勇敢，信念和对进球的残酷目光。他的两次表演完全是掠夺性的，低级的和强大的。更重要的是，他很快。这需要澄清一下：大多数职业足球运动员速度都很快，因为他们的移动速度比普通人快。有些人在更令人印象深刻的意义上是快速的，因为他们比一般的职业足球运动员更快地移动。这是一个来自中锋的令人难以置信的表现，他的表现非常出色：速度，目标，触感和技术。“在19 岁的时候，为了进行这样的表演，数百万人在观看，梅西在另一端观看，这简直太棒了。”来自巴黎郊区的姆巴佩（Mbappe）去年才首次亮相国际赛场。自从他在2016-17赛季开始出场以来，他的崛起让人目不暇接，在摩纳哥进入欧冠半决赛并赢得法甲1 场比赛的44 场比赛中打入26 球。他在这里的两个目标完全消除了阿根廷的聚集势头，并宣布了他对世界的最高才能。自1958 年以来，当时17 岁的传奇巴西人贝利在决赛中两次击败瑞典网队，在世界杯比赛中有一名少年获得两次胜利。5“我非常高兴，和一个像贝利这样的伟大球员相比，这很令人捧腹，但他还处于另一个类别，”姆巴佩（Mbappe）说。尽管如此，加入获得这些成就的球员名单真是太棒了。”三、小猫钓鱼A.emerging B.competitions C.permanentD.recognition E.linksF.currently G.delicatelyH.transfer I.talented J.adoptedK.crossedRevealed!Mbappe hasNigerian rootsMonaco striker KylianMbappe has attracted some of thebiggest sidesinworld football in the lastfew weeks,makingthe 18-year-old footballs mostcourted teenager.The striker tookEuropeby stormlast season,scoring 26 goalsinall_31_ inhisfirst full seasonatsenior clublevel.Mbappe isone ofthemost soughtafter players inthesummer transfer marketinEurope.ReportsonTuesday claimedthatReal Madrid has agreedto _32_ the teenagerfor161m.While closefollowers of the_33_ striker acknowledgehisabilityto carveout goals,not much of thesepeopleknow thatthehugely_34_player hasNigerian roots,asa recent research by The PUNCHhasshown.Kylians father,WilfredMbappe,who hasCameroonianand Nigerian roots,was once a refugee,who migratedtoFranceforgreenerpastures.Accordingtoreports,Wilfred in a bid to get a(n)_35_ stay got married to anAlgerian-French ladyFayza,an ex-handball player.Kylian was givena Yorubamiddle name Adesanmi meaning“crown fitsme”by Wilfred,whoalso_36_ a son,JirsKemboEkoko,a professional footballer of Congolesedescent,buthasa biological sonand youngerbrother ofKyliannamed AdeyemiMbappe,in _37_ of his Nigerianroots.Adeyemi is a Yoruba namemeaning“thecrown befits you.”Indeed,Adeyemi is the reasonwhy Kylian6celebrates hisgoalsby posingwithhisarms _38_ and thumbs up.“Thisishow my youngerbrother celebrated when he beatme intheFIFA videogame,”saidMbappe.Wilfriedworks as coach at AS Bondy and he started trainingKylianattheage of six.He alsospendstime coachingAdeyemi,whilehe is_39_ hisKylians agent.Meanwhile,the Monacostarhas also been linkedas a grandson ofCameroonian midfieldlegend Samuel MbappeLeppe.But findingsby ourcorrespondenthasshownthatthelate Leppe,who playedforOryx Douala inthe1950s and 1960s,winningfiveleagueand threeCup title(1963,1968 and1970)and was thefirst captain tolift theAfricanChampions ClubsCup inthe1964/65season,may nothaveany biological_40_ withKylian.解题策略：1.转化：links n./v.signn./v.2.派生：（1）emerge-emerging cross-crossedtalent-talentedadopt-adopted（2）compete-competitionrecognize-recognition（3）current-currentlydelicate-delicately（4）permanent核心词汇（以sign用法为例）：signn.符号；招牌；标记；手势vt.签（名）；以手势表示(1)signa bill 签署法案(2012宝山一模）(2)signa contract 签署协议(2012崇明二模）(3)lookatthesign看那个标记（2013 青浦一模）(4)Your child may usesignlanguageatschooltocommunicate.你的孩子或许在学校使用手势语言交流（2016 杨浦二模）(5)Despitea nicesignplacedoutside theroom exhibiting imagesof bothme and my book,nota single customerentered theroom.7尽管在展示我和我的书的图像的房间外有一个很好的标志，但没有一个顾客进入房间。(2018徐汇一模)参考答案：BHAICJDKFE翻译：摩纳哥前锋基利安姆巴佩(KylianMbappe)在过去的几周吸引了世界足坛的一些最大的球员，使得这位18 岁的足球最受青睐的少年。上赛季，这位前锋在欧洲风靡一时，在他的第一个赛季的高级俱乐部级别的所有比赛中都打入了26 球。姆巴佩是欧洲夏季转会市场最受追捧的球员之一。周二的报道称皇马已经同意以1.61亿英镑签下这名青少年。虽然新兴前锋的密切关注者承认他有能力实现目标，但这些人中并没有多少人知道这位天赋异禀的球员有尼日利亚人的血统，正如The PUNCH最近的一项研究所表明的那样。他的父亲，威尔弗雷德姆巴佩（WilfredMbappe）曾是喀麦隆人和尼日利亚人的血统，曾经是一个难民，后来移居法国寻找绿色牧场。据报道，威尔弗雷德为了获得永久居留而与一名前手球运动员阿尔及利亚法裔女士费萨结婚。基利安（Kylian）被授予Yoruba 中间名Adesanmi，意思是Wilfred的“皇冠适合我”，他还采用了儿子Jirs Kembo Ekoko，一名刚果血统的职业 足 球 运 动 员，但 拥 有 生 物 方 面 联 系 的 儿 子 和Kylian的 弟 弟AdeyemiMbappe，他的尼日利亚血统。Adeyemi 是Yoruba 的名字，意思是“冠冕适合你。”事实上，Adeyemi 就是为什么Kylian双臂交叉和竖起大拇指来庆祝他的目标。“这就是我弟弟在国际足联电子游戏中击败我的时候庆祝的事情，”姆巴佩说。威尔弗里德担任AS Bondy 的教练，他在六岁时开始训练基利安。他还花时间教练Adeyemi，而他现在是他的基利安的经纪人。与此同时，摩纳哥球星也被联系为喀麦隆中场传奇人物塞缪尔姆贝普 莱佩的孙子。但本报记者的调查结果显示，已故的莱佩在20 世纪50 年代和60 年代为羚羊杜阿拉效力，赢得了5 个联赛和3 个杯赛冠军（1963,1968和1970 年），并且是第一位解除非洲冠军俱乐部杯的队长在1964/65赛季，可能与基利安没有任何生物方面的联系。8四、阅读理解（导读：本文选自卫报上讲述母亲的伟大。网址为https:/ winsright toseeknew inquest intogirls deathlinked toairpollutionThe mother of a schoolgirl who died of an asthma attacklinkedto airpollution haswon theright toseeka new inquest atthehighcourt.The attorney general moved on Fridaytoquashtheinquest intothedeathof EllaKissi-Debrah at the age of nine,afternew evidencelinkeditto airpollution spikes from traffic nearherhome insouthLondon.Aftera long fightby her mother,Rosamund Kissi-Debrah,SirGeoffreyCox granted hertheright togo tothehighcourtfora new inquest.Kissi-Debrahsaid:“Words cannot expresshowhappy I amthattheattorney generalhas takenthisdecision,and I would liketo thank him forreaching hisconclusion.“Nothingwillbringmy beautiful,bright,bubblychildback,butnow atleast I may getanswersabouthow she diedand whetheritwas airpollutionwhich snatched heraway from us.“NowI hope a new inquestwillmake thosein power realise thatourchildren aredyingasa result oftheairthattheybreathe.Thiscannotgo on.“Why isthisnotbeingtakenmore seriously by thegovernment?What dowe needtodo tomake them prioritiseourchildrens lives overconvenience andtherights ofpeopletopollute?”Ellalived25 metres(82ft)from theheavily polluted South Circular Roadin Lewisham.She diedin February2013 after threeyearsof seizures and 27visits tohospital forasthmaattacks.An expertlastyear linkedher deathto the dangerouslyhigh levelsofpollution from diesel traffic thatbreachedlegal limits.9JocelynCockburn,a partner atthelaw firmHodge Jones&Allen,whorepresents Rosamund Kissi-Debrah,saidthedecision was a majorsteptowardsjustice forthefamily.“An inquestwillprovidea betterunderstanding of whyshe died andwhetherherdeathwas avoidable.Itwillforcethegovernmentand otherbodiestoaccountfortheir actions and,inmany regards,their inaction on airpollutionoverthis period,”shesaid.“Air pollution is costingpeopleslivesand thosemost vulnerable arechildren.Thereisa need formore urgencyintohow airpollution isdealtwithinurbanareastobringitwithinlawfullimits assoon aspossible.”Kissi-Debrahbelievesthe governmentsfailure to act to reduce airpollution from diesel traffic was a breachofherdaughters human rights.The governmenthas repeatedly failed to bringnitrogen dioxidepollutionlevels towithinlegal limits.Untiltheend of2010,Ellahad beenextremely active and ingood health.But following a chestinfection inOctober2010,shehad respiratoryissuesfortheremainderofhershortlife,and was treated infiveLondon hospitals forsevereunstable asthma,with27 separate hospital admissions overa three-yearperiod.Aninquestinto Ellasdeath at Southwark coronerscourt in 2014concludedherdeathwas causedby acuterespiratoryfailure and severeasthma.Prof Stephen Holgate,an expert on asthma and air pollution,wasinstructed to carryout a reporton her deathand saidtherewas a“strikingassociation”betweenthetimesshewas admitted tohospital and recorded spikesinnitrogen dioxide and PM10s,themost noxiouspollutants,nearherhome.His report saidtherewas a“realprospect thatwithoutunlawfullevels ofairpollution,Ellawould nothavedied”.Holgatealsoconsidered thedeathcertificateshouldbe amended toreflectthefactthatairpollution was a contributoryfactor inherdeath.10Kissi-Debrahhas launched a fundraising campaign to help pay forrepresentationatthehighcourthearing.1.Accordingtothepassage,how didtheattorney do atfirst?A.canceled thecase.B.granted theright togo tothehighcourtfora new inquest.C.letthegirl backtothemother.D.savedthealltheproblem.2.Itcan be inferred from thepassagethat_.A.The mothercan getthedaughter backB.The motherwould be happyC.The motherwould appreciate theattorney.D.The motherwould appreciate SirGeoffreyCox3.Who istheobject ofthinking inthearticle?A.The attorney.B.The mother.C.The expert.D.The government.4.Which ofthefollowing options isnotmentionthroughthis passage？A.The girls mothermay win theappeal.B.Asthma isassociated withairpollution.C.The governmentshouldbe responsible forthedeathofthegirlD.Respiratory problemsarerelated toairpollution.5.Itcanbe inferred from thelast passagethat_.A.The girls motherwillwin theinquestB.Girls motherlacksfunds.C.The girls motherlauncheda movementD.The girls mothercalls on everyonetoprotect theenvironment.11文章大意：本文主要讲了一位死于与空气污染有关的哮喘发作的女学生的母亲赢得了在高等法院进行新调查的权利。斯蒂芬霍尔盖特教授，一位研究哮喘和空气污染的专家，被要求对她的死亡进行一份报告，并说在她入院的时间和记录与在她家附近的二氧化氮和PM10s（最有害的污染物）的峰值之间存在着“显著相关”。借此希望政府对空气污染能有所作为。词汇点拨：inquest 审讯，讯问;quash v.平息；镇压；撤销，宣布无效;bubblyadj.多泡的，起泡的；活泼的；爱说话的prioritise v.给予.优先权，按优先顺序处理breachv.破坏，违反；攻破avoidable adj.能避免的；可作为无效的attorneyn.律师;代理人certificate n.文凭；执照；证明，证书contributory adj.贡献的,捐助的;短语精选linkto与 有关asthmaattack 哮喘发作asa result of由于（的结果）be causedby由 造成be admitted tophr.加入，获准做某事striking association 显著相关be amended to 为了被修改launcha fundraising campaign发起一场筹款运动参考答案及解析：121.A【解析】细节题。由文中The attorney general moved on Fridaytoquashtheinquestintothe death of EllaKissi-Debrahat the age of nine,afternewevidencelinkeditto airpollution spikesfrom traffic nearher home in southLondon.在新证据表明埃拉基西德布拉九岁时的死亡与她伦敦南部家附近的交通造成的空气污染激增有关之后，司法部长周五决定撤销对她死亡的调查。可知选A.2.D【解析】细节题。Aftera longfight by hermother,Rosamund Kissi-Debrah,Sir GeoffreyCox grantedher the rightto go to the high courtfor a newinquest.在母亲罗莎蒙德基西德布拉（Rosamund KissiDebrah）的长期斗争之后，杰弗里考克斯爵士授予她去高等法院进行新的调查的权利。不要与后一段内容混淆。故选D3.D【解析】由母亲的话可知，针对的对象是政府部门，文中也说Kissi-Debrahbelieves the governmentsfailure to actto reduceairpollution from dieseltraffic was a breachofherdaughters human rights.基西德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。故选D。4.C【解析】由母亲的话可知，针对的对象是政府部门，文中也说Kissi-Debrahbelieves the governmentsfailure to actto reduceairpollution from dieseltraffic was a breachofherdaughters human rights.基西德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。但这只是她的主观推断不能成为最后的结果。故选C。5.C【解 析】由 最 后 一 段 可 知，Kissi-Debrah has launcheda fundraisingcampaigntohelppay forrepresentationatthehighcourthearing.KissiDebrah发起了一项筹款活动，帮助支付高等法院听证会的代表费。故选C。译文：母亲有权对女孩与空气污染的死亡联系进行新的调查。一位死于与空气污染有关的哮喘发作的女学生的母亲赢得了在高等法院进行新的调查的权利。在新证据表明埃拉基西德布拉九岁时的死亡与她伦敦南部家附近的交通造成的空气污染激增有关之后，司法部长周五决定撤销对她死亡的调查。13在母亲罗莎蒙德基西德布拉（Rosamund KissiDebrah）的长期斗争之后，杰弗里考克斯爵士授予她去高等法院进行新的调查的权利。基西德布拉说：“不能用言语表达我对司法部长做出这一决定感到多么高兴，我要感谢他得出的结论。“没有什么能让我美丽、明亮、活泼的孩子回来，但现在至少我可以知道她是怎么死的，是空气污染把她从我们身边夺走的。“现在，我希望一个新的调查将使当权者意识到，我们的孩子正因为呼吸的空气而死亡。不能这样继续下去。“为什么政府没有更认真地对待这件事？我们需要做什么才能让他们把我们孩子的生活优先于方便以及人们污染的权利？”埃拉住在距离严重污染的路易西姆南环路25 米（82 英尺）处。她三年间多次哮喘发作并27 次被送往医院就诊最终于2013 年2 月癫痫发作去世。去年，一位专家将她的死亡与柴油运输造成的危险的高污染联系起来，柴油运输违反了法律限制。代表罗莎蒙德基西德布拉（Rosamund KissiDebrah）的霍奇琼斯和艾伦律师事务所合伙人乔斯林科伯恩（JocelynCockburn）表示，这一决定是迈向家庭正义的重要一步。“调查将更好地了解她为什么死亡以及她的死亡是否可以避免。她说：“这将迫使政府和其他机构对他们的行为作出解释，从许多方面来说，他们在这一时期对空气污染不作为。”“空气污染正在夺去人们的生命，最脆弱的是儿童。我们需要更加紧迫地处理城市的空气污染，使其尽快在合法范围内得到解决。”基西德布拉认为，政府未能采取行动减少柴油交通造成的空气污染，是对女儿人权的侵犯。政府一再未能将二氧化氮污染水平控制在法定范围内。直到2010 年底，埃拉一直非常活跃，身体健康。但在2010 年10 月胸部感染后，她在短暂的生命中出现了呼吸系统问题，并在伦敦5 家医院接受了严重不稳定哮喘的治疗，在3 年的时间内于27 家独立医院入院。142014 年，南华克验尸官法院对埃拉的死因进行了调查，得出结论，埃拉的死因是急性呼吸衰竭和严重哮喘。斯蒂芬霍尔盖特教授，一位研究哮喘和空气污染的专家，被要求对她的死亡进行一份报告，并说在她入院的时间和记录与在她家附近的二氧化氮和PM10s（最有害的污染物）的峰值之间存在着“显著相关”。他的报告说，“如果没有非法的空气污染水平，埃拉就不会死”。霍尔盖特还认为，应修改死亡证明，反映空气污染是她死亡的一个因素。基西德布拉（KissiDebrah）发起了一场筹款运动，帮助支付在高等法院听证会上的代表费。