2020人教版高一英语开学讲练必修3Unit5(串讲)45234.pdf

1必修3 Unit5 Canada-“The TrueNorth”重难点大串讲一词汇串讲1.impressVt.使印象深刻；使铭记1）impresssb.(withsth/sb.)令人羡慕，使留下深刻印象 He impressed herwithhissincerity.他的真诚打动了她。Hissincerityimpressed her.他的真诚打动了她。Iwas deeplyimpressed by/with thefilm.这部电影给我留下了很好的印象。2）impress(sth.)on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事物；使某人深深意识到（重要性或严重性等）Fatherimpressedtheimportance ofhardwork on me.=Fatherimpressedon me theimportance ofhardwork.父亲使我深深意识到努力工作的重要性impression n.1).印象，想法Whatsyourfirst impression ofBeijing?你对北京的第一印象如何？2).make/leavea(good/deep/strong)impression(on)留下 印象The girl left agood impression on him.那个女孩给他留下了很好的印象3）have/get theimpression(that)觉得Igetthedistinctimpression that werenotwantedhere.我明显感到我们在这里是不受欢迎的。4）（be）under theimpression(that)原以为，误以为Imsorry,Iwas undertheimpression that you werethemanager.2对不起，我还以为你是经理呢！impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的，感人的2.辨析方位介词in,on,to1)in 指在范围以内Japanisintheeast ofAsia2)on 指接壤，相邻Shandongison thenorthofJiangsu.3)to 指相隔一段距离Japanlies(tothe)east ofChina.3.speedvi.&n.(sped,sped;speeded,speeded)vi.急行,疾驰而过;超速The timespedby quickly.光阴飞逝。n.速度,快速常用搭配:ata speedof以速度We were traveling ata speedofthirty milesan hour.我们以每小时30 英里的速度前进。More haste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。4.asfaras远到;直到;到为止(用来加强语气)The woods stretch asfarastheseaside.树林一直延伸到海边。至于;就而言As farasIknow,hehasgonetotown.就我所知,他到镇上去了。35.inthedistance在远处atadistance(of)在.远的地方;距离稍远distant adj.遥远的;远方的;疏远的6.aboardadv.&prep.在(船、飞机、火车等)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)go aboard上(船、飞机、火车等)boardn.木板；膳食费用；委员会；v.寄宿；上船(飞机等)；用板盖上on board在船(飞机、车辆)上abroadadv.在国外；到国外go abroad出国broadadj.宽阔的；广泛的；大概的例句1(1)All thepassengers aboardfell into theriver.船上所有的乘客都掉入了河中。(2)Assoonaswe wentaboard，ourshipleft theport.我们一上船，船就出港了。(3)Thepassengers boardedtheplaneat9：00 a.m.乘客在上午9：00 登机了。(4)Since March 2012，I vedone89 trips ofthose,51 havebeenabroad.自从2012 年 3 月，我进行了89 次旅行，其中51 次是去国外。7.have a gift for在方面有天分；有天赋gift n.天赋，才能；礼物gifted adj.有才华的；有天赋的4例句(1)Mother hasagift formaking peoplefeel athome.妈妈有一种让人感觉宾至如归的天赋。(2)Thecomposerisalsoagifted pianist.这位作曲家也是位很有天赋的钢琴家。8.mixvt.&vi.混合；调配(1)mixA withB mix A andB(together)把 A 与 B 混合起来/融合在一起mix up 弄乱；弄错；混合(2)mixture n.混合(物)；混合状态(3)mixedadj.混合的例句(1)Theboy mixedthepaint andwatertogether.这个男孩把颜料和水混在了一起。(2)Theyaresoalike that it seasytomix them up.他们长得很像以至于很容易把他们弄混了。(3)Herfaceshowed amixtureoffear andexcitement.她脸上的表情既恐惧又兴奋。(4)There isamixed doublesthis afternoon.今天下午有一场男女混合双打比赛。9.confirm vt.证实；证明；批准confirmsth./that./wh-clause 证实；确定confirmsb.in sth.使某人确信某事Ithasbeenconfirmedthat.已经确定例句(1)Whatyou havesaidconfirms my opinion.你的话证实了我的看法。5(2)Thelatest evidence confirmedme inhishonesty.最新证据让我坚信他是诚实的。(3)It hasbeenconfirmedthat thesinger will giveaperformance nextweek.已经确定这位歌唱家下周演出。10.distance(1)distancen.距离；远方atadistance 离一段距离；从远处inthedistance 在远处keepsb.at adistance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远keepone sdistance from与保持距离；疏远(2)distantadj.遥远的；远处的；久远的例句(1)What sthedistance toBeijing?到北京的距离是多少？(2)It sbetter foryou tokeephim atadistance.你最好不要和他亲近。(3)My houseisfourmilesdistant fromthesea.我家离大海4 英里远。二句型串讲1.Itisthesecondlargest countyintheworld.它是世界第二大国。1）“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”表示“第几大/高/长”的意思.The YellowRiveristhesecondlongest river inChina.黄河是中国的第二长河。2）“the+形容词最高级”表示“最”而“a/an+形容词最高级”表示“很，非常”=veryThisisamostinterestingfilm.这是一部非常有趣的电影.3）“The+序数词”表示“第几”而“a/an+序数词”表示“再一，又一”6Thisisthefirst timeIhavebeeninBeijing.这是我第一次来北京.He haseatentwo apples,andhewantstohaveathird one.他已经吃了两个苹果,还想再吃一个.2.Rather than taketheairplane all theway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverand thentakethetrain westtoeastacross Canada.他们不想一路乘飞机,她们决定飞到温哥华,再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸.rather than而不是,不愿,不要,常用来连接并列的成分.1)Iwould haveacoffee rather thancoke.我想喝咖啡,不想喝可乐。2)He was busywriting aletter rather thanreading thenewspaper.3)Idecidedtowrite rather than(to)telephone.相关短语：1)would rather do than do=would do ratherthando 宁可 也不2)prefer todoratherthando 宁可 也不3)orrather 更确切的说He worked till late last night,orrather,early this morning.他昨晚工作到很晚,更确切的说,直到今天早上.4)other than=but,except除了 以外,除了Theres nobody hereother thanme.除了我这里没有别人.5)would rather 后接宾语从句时,谓语动词用虚拟语气.当表示一个现在或将来的愿望时,谓语动词用一般过去时，常用结构“wouldrather sb.did/didntsth.”;当表示一个过去的愿望时,谓语动词用过去完成时.1)-Do you mind ifIsmoke?7-Well,Idrather you didnt.嗯,你最好别抽.2)Iwould rather you came withus.我倒愿意你和我们一起来.3.It is sowetthere that the trees are extremely tall,somemeasuringover90metres.独立主格结构那儿的湿度很大,所以树都长的特别高,一些高达90 多米.划线部分为独立主格结构,逻辑主语是some.当分词(短语)做状语时,其逻辑主语一般和句子的主语一致;但有的分词短语有它自己的独立的主语(在分词短语之前,这种主语常常是名词或代词主格),这种结构称为独立主格结构。其构成是:“名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”。注意：独立主格结构在句子中只能用作状语,表示时间,原因,条件,伴随等.1)The clockstriking eight,theybeganworking.(时间状语)2)The rainbeingover,we continued tomarch.(时间状语)雨过之后，我们继续前行.3)Time permitting,Ill go outwithyou.4.Thatafternoon aboard thetrain,thecousins settled down intheir seats.那天下午,姐妹俩才登上火车落了座.Settle vt./vi.1).定居She settled inLondon last year.她去年在伦敦安了家。2).解决(分歧、纠纷等)Its timeyou settled yourdifferenceswithyourfather.现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了.83).平静下来Aftertheexcitement,Itried tosettle myself.激动过后，我设法平静下来.相关短语：1）settle（sb.）down使 安静,安顿下来Italwaystakes theclass awhiletosettle down atthestart oflesson.那个班一上课总得过一会才能安静下来.2)(在某地)定居下来,过安定的生活When areyou goingtogetmarriedandsettle down?你打算什么时候成家安定下来?3)舒服的躺下或坐下She settle down/back inthechair andclosed hereyes.她坐在椅子上闭目养神.2)settle(down)to 开始认真对待,定下心来做They finally settled down toadiscussion ofthemain issues.他们终于开始讨论一些主要的问题了3）Settle in/into(使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)Ihavent yetsettled(down)inmy new job.我还没有适应我的新工作.(+for)安定下来,安心(在某处停留一段时间)They settled inforalongwait.他们安下心来,准备长时间的等待.5.When theycrossedtheRocky Mountains,theymanaged to catchsightof some mountaingoatsand even a9grizzly bearandaneagle.火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们设法看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。1)catch/have/get sight of 看见，瞥见Icaughtsight ofhisfigure inthecrowd.我在人群中发现了他的身影.2)at first sight 乍一看,第一眼看到At first sight hisdemand seemed reasonable.3）atthesight of 一看见They ranaway atthesight ofthepolice.4)in/within(sbs)sight看得见The train isstill insight.还能看得到那列火车5）outof(sbs)sight看不见The housewas outofsight behindawall.那房子被墙挡住看不见了6)thesights 名胜同义辨析：scenerysceneviewsightScenery U 指该地区“整个风景”，由多个scene构成的景色Scene 指一眼可以浏览的“部分风景”，但多半包括其中的人及其活动。View C强调从远处或高处看到的“部分风景”Sight指风景，名胜。常用复数形式，指人文景观。练习：1）The _ ofthemovie issetinParis inthe1920s.102)The _fromthetopofthebuilding isverybeautiful.3)Welltakeyou toseethe_ofLondon.6.They were notleaving forMontrealuntil later,sotheywent on a tourofthecity.她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在市内游览了一番。1）notuntil 表示“直到 才”常与表示瞬间的动词连用。The children wontcome backuntil itisdark.孩子们直到天黑才会回来。2）notuntil的强调句结构为：Itbe notuntil+被强调部分+that+主语+谓语+其他It isnotuntil itisdarkthat thechildren come back.3)notuntil位于句首时，主句用部分倒装（即把谓语动词的一部分移到主语前面）Not until itisdarkwill thechildren come back.7.Its toobadyou cant go asfarasOttawa,Canadas capital.形式主语Ottawa的同位语很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。此句真正的主语为(that)you cant go asfarasOttawa.1）asfaras远至，到 程度Thisisasfaraswe go.我们就到这里了2）as/so farasIknow据我所知3）asfarassb./sth.beconcerned 就 而言4）sofar到目前为止（常与现在完成时连用）5）by far 得多（常置于比较级或最高级前）11She isby farthebest.她显然是最优秀的。8.1.Li Daiyu and hercousinLiuQian were on a triptoCanada tovisit their cousins inMontrealon theAtlanticcoast.句法分析:这是个简单句,tovisit their cousins inMontreal为目的状语。(1)beon atrip在旅行He hadbeenaway on alongtrip.他已外出长途旅行。make atrip去旅游aroundtrip 往返areturn trip回程,返回行程asingle trip单程,单程旅游takeatrip 去旅游be/goon atrip 去旅行on ones trip在旅途中(2)coast 海岸,滨海(地区)The Smithsspentthesummer holidays on thenorthcoast ofSpainlast year.史密斯一家去年夏天在西班牙北海岸度假。Qingdaoisabeautiful coast city.青岛是一个美丽的海滨城市。aclear coast毫无障碍(或危险),平静无事skirt thecoast沿海岸航行;比喻谨慎行事9.Thethought thattheycouldcrossthewhole continent was exciting.要横穿整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。句法分析:该句是名词性从句中的同位语从句,thattheycouldcrossthewhole continent 用来解释说明Thethought。12同位语从句常放在fact,idea,hope,conclusion,evidence,opinion,problem,understanding 等抽象名词的后面作同位语。(连词that 在从句中不担当任何句子成分,也不能省略)He hadtofacethefact that hewas laid offhisjob.他不得不面对下岗这一事实。10.People sayitisCanada smostbeautiful city,surrounded by mountainsandthePacific Ocean.句法分析:PeoplesayitisCanada smostbeautiful city 是宾语从句;surrounded by mountainsandthePacific Ocean 为过去分词短语作定语,修饰mostbeautiful city。Surroundeg:The harbourissurrounded by trees.（常用被动）Surroundedby trees,theharbourlooksbeautiful.（作状语）11.Its populationisincreasing rapidly.这个城市的人口增长很快。population n.居民;人口表示某地拥有的人口数量,一般用“地点名词+hasapopulation of+基数词”或“thepopulation of+地点名词+is+基数词”结构。The population ofthis village is582=Thisvillage hasapopulation of582.询问或打听某地人口数要用what,而不能用how many 或how much。What sthepopulation ofIreland?爱尔兰有多少人口?表示“人口多”常用alarge(great)population;表示“人口少”常用asm all p o p u latio n,而不用a lo tof,many,much,few,little等修饰。13The population ofChinaislarge.中国人口众多。population 作主语时,若表示某地的全体人口,谓语动词用单数;若表示部分人口,谓语动词用复数。The worldspopulation isgrowingfaster andfaster.Fifty percent ofthestudents areboys,theothers aregirls.12.Because oftheGreatLakes,theylearned,Canada hasmore freshwaterthanany othercountryintheworld.句法分析:“比较级+thananyother+单数名词”表示最高级常用句型:“比较级+thananyother+单数名词”“比较级+thananyoftheother+复数名词”。(其中的other 是用来表示同一比较范围内除主语以外其他的人或事物,不可省略。)Shanghaiislarger thananyother city inChina.=Shanghaiislarger thananyoftheother cities inChina.上海比中国其他的城市大。12.In fact,ithasone-third oftheworld stotal fresh water,andmuch ofit isintheGreatLakes.归纳三种分数的表达方式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1 时,分母用复数。如:one-third三分之一,three-sevenths七分之三。分子与分母之间加in,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:oneinten 十分之一,five ineight 八分之五。分子与分母之间加outof,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:oneoutoften十分之一,five outofeight 八分之五。分数(百分数)作主语,其后谓语动词的单、复数由名词决定。如:2/3 ofthestudents areboysinourclass.14三语法串讲同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how5.同位语从句与定语从句区别:1）.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。He told me thenews that hewould come home fromaboardsoon.Word came that hehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。Our teamhaswon thegame,whichmade usveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。15(定语从句)2）.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:The news that ourteamhaswon thegame was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news 到底是一个什么消息)The news that hetold me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news 在从句中作told 的宾语)3）.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestion whetherwe needit hasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)引导词that 引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略，that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，如:The orderthat we shouldsendafew peopletohelptheother groupswas received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that 虽不作成分,但不能省略)The orderthat we received yesterday was that we shouldsendafew peopletohelptheother groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that 在从句中作received 的宾语,可以省略)16Practice 判断同位语从句与定语从句1.Thenews that there areno lives on themoon isknown tousall.(同位语从句)2.Thenews that you heardisnottrue.(定语从句)3.Haveyou anyideawho hewentwith?(同位语从句)4.Is there anyhopethat theywill behome intime?(同位语从句)5.Theproblemthat you referred todoesnt exist atall.(定语从句)四话题串讲（一）话题综述本单元的中心话题是旅行。通过两位女孩李黛玉与刘茜的加拿大之旅，向我们展示了加拿大的一些基本概况，包括它的地理位置、主要城市、风土人情以及它的多元文化。通过学习本单元，让学生对加拿大有了更多的了解，使学生能够用所学的词汇与句式表达方向与位置，并学会条理地写出旅游过程中的所见所闻。（二）话题词汇1.享受旅行enjoyajourney2.古老和现代的风格ancient andmodern styles3.与不同bedifferentfrom.4.不但而且notonly.but(also).5.直到才not.until.6.吸引游客attractthevisitors7.belocated/situatedin.9.Theplaceisknown for.1710.It coversanareaof.11.It hasahistory of.12.It isworthvisiting.13.We paidavisit to.14.I really enjoythetrip to.15.Thetrip to.impressedme greatly.（三）话题句型 As soonaswe arrived,we weretakentosee.The story was verymoving andall ofusweregreatly impressed by it.Then we visited.Itisa.with ahistory of.Many traditionsarestill keptby thepeopleliving init.When we walkedalongthemain street,we bought.andtasted.Everyonewas surprised tofindhow attractivethesmallcity was.We started ourjourney by appreciatinga well-knownlive-actionperformance directed by.,whichleft uswithadeepimpression ofatouching story.Then we left for.As a World Cultural Heritage Site,itdates back.,inwhichmany traditionsarestill keptby thepeopleliving init.Wanderingalongthemain street,exploring.andtasting.,everyonewas amazed todiscover how attractivethesmallcity was.We weretired butourtrip to.was really unforgettable.What anunforgettabletrip it was!18 Exhaustedaswe were,ourtrip to.was really unforgettable!Not onlydidthetrip entertainedme,butitalsobroadenedmy horizon(眼界).（四）话题典例假定你是李华，上周日你们学校举办了一次登山活动，请你根据以下提示写一篇游记，然后发表在你校英语论坛上。1.活动的时间与地点；2.活动的过程；3.你对于这次活动的评论。注意：1.词数100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】DearAllen,In ordertoencouragethestudents totakemore outdoorexercise,our schoolorganized a mountain-climbingactivitylast Sunday.At 8:00am,we gathered attheschoolgateand setouttoclimbthemountainbehindourschool.Alltheway wewerechatting,singing andlaughing,enjoying thefresh airandthebeautiful scenery.When some fell behind,otherswould come andoffer help.About 2 hourslater,we all reachedthetop.Bathedinsunshine,we jumped andcheeredwithjoy.The activitybenefited usalot.Not onlydiditgetusclose tonature,italsopromotedfriendship among us.