托福听力常见题型解题思路讲解：重听题和判断题.docx

托福听力常见题型解题思路讲解：重听题和判断题 驾驭好固定题型的解题思路，能够帮助大家更有效率地进行解答。今日我给大家带来托福听力常见题型解题思路讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。 托福听力常见题型解题思路讲解：重听题和推断题 重听题 重听题是托福听力题目中一种特别特别的题型。在这种题目中，讲解并描述人会把录音材料中的一小部分内容重新读一遍，然后让考生依据这段重新听到的内容找出符合要求的选项。在考试中，每道重听题中都会给出一个耳机的图标。其常见的提问方式为： Listen again to part of the lecture, then answer the question. What does the professor mean when she says this? 重听题的解题思路比较多样化。有些题目考查所重复段落的含义，有些题目考查段落中某个习惯用语的含义。考生要依据自己所听到的内容，辨别出题人想考查的究竟是哪方面的内容。另外，有些重听题中虽然重复了一部分文章内容，但是必需结合重复的内容在录音材料中的上下文去推理才能得出答案。所以考试在做题时要保持醒悟的头脑，假如发观从重复的内容中找不到答案，就要立即回忆，从上下文中去找寻正确答案。 是非推断题 是非推断题也是托福考试改革后出现的较为新奇的题型，一般是列出许多与录音材料中所提及的内容较为相像的句子，让考生辨別原委哪些是录音材料中提到的。以下例题是其常见的出题方式： The professor discusses how an animal becomes a fossil after its death. Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process. YES/NO The animal dies. The hard tissues decompose. The soft tissues decompose. The hard tissues remain. 是非推断题多数状况下与细微环节题考查的内容有类似之处，须要考生多关注录音材料中的细微环节之处。是非推断题的YES和NO的答案个数并不是平均安排的，但一般不会出现全部答案全是YES或者NO的状况，考生可以利用这一点，在做题时推断自己的选项是否选得合适。 2022托福听力练习：能喷射甲烷的生物 The first life on Earth appeared about four billion years ago. One place these pioneering organisms may have emerged is at hydrothermal vents, deep underwater. Where unusual chemistry provided energy for primitive life-forms to survive. Life-forms like the methane-belching microbes found at the vents today. Now, for the first time, researchers have found evidence of methane-producing life in similarly extreme conditions, but at the surface of the Earth at a spring in northern California, called The Cedars. The water there is extremely basic with a pH of 11.6. And it contains no oxygen. Not an easy place to survive. Researchers tested water and sediment at the Cedars. Some samples got dosed with mercuric chloride to kill any life present. Those dosed samples produced no methane. But the samples in which microbes were allowed to survive did put out methane. Confirming that at least some of the methane at the springs is indeed biological in origin. The findings appear in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. The finding has implications for climate change alleviation. A geologically similar spring in Oman has been proposed as a site for carbon storagepumping CO2 underground, where it gets incorporated in stone. But the extremophiles at The Cedars can use CO2 to make methanean even more potent greenhouse gas. "So imagine pumping CO2 into the ground and having it come back up as methane." Penny Morrill, a biogeochemist at Memorial University of Newfoundland. "This will not necessarily happen, but it is something to be tested for before fully implementing a carbon capture and storage technology at one of these types of sites." Morrill says the study's also a reminder that life is tenacious. "We should not let our biases prevent us from looking for evidence of life in what we would otherwise consider an unexpected place." Including other planets and moons. 地球上的第一个生命出现在约40亿年以前。这些先驱生物出现的其中一个地方是深海热泉和深海。那里不寻常的化学物质为原始生命形态供应了生存下去的能量。现在深海热泉发觉了能喷射甲烷的微生物。 探讨人员首次发觉了能产生甲烷的生物生活在类似极端环境的证据，而这个地方位于地球表面，那就是加利福尼亚州北部的雪松泉。这里的水很一般，酸碱值为11.6。但是水里没有氧气。这可不是一个简单生存的地方。 探讨人员对雪松泉里的水和沉积物进行了检测。一些样本里含有氯化汞，可以致死任何生命。这类样本不能产生甲烷。而可以让微生物生存的样本会释放出甲烷。这表明，至少该泉水里的一些甲烷的确是生物起源。这一发觉刊登在地球物理学探讨杂志：生物地球科学上。 这一探讨对减缓气候改变有启示意义。安曼一处具有类似地质的泉水被举荐作为碳储存地，输送被注入地下岩石储存的二氧化碳。但是雪松泉的极端微生物可以利用二氧化碳制造甲烷，甲烷是一种更强的温室气体。“想象一下，将二氧化碳输送至地下，然后再把它变成甲烷。”纽芬兰纪念高校的生物化学家佩妮·莫里尔表示，“这不肯定会发生，但是这是在这类地方完全实现碳捕获和储存技术之前要进行的测试。” 莫里尔表示，这项探讨还提示人们生命是坚韧的。“我们不应当因为偏见而停止在意想不到的地方找寻生命证据的脚步”。这些地方包括其他星球和月球。 重点讲解： 1. for the first time 首次;第一次; 例句：For the first time luck hooked onto me. 运气第一次驾临到我头上。 2. at least 至少，至少; 例句：At least this second meeting had helped to thaw the atmosphere. 这其次次会议至少起到了缓和气氛的作用。 3. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻挡;制止;阻碍; 例句：Cotton mittens will prevent the baby from scratching his own face. 棉的连指手套使婴儿不会抓伤自己的脸。 4. look for 找寻，寻求，谋求(解决方案或新的方法); 例句：The working group will be looking for practical solutions to the problems faced by doctors. 工作小组将寻求切实可行的方案，以解决医生们遇到的难题。 2022托福听力练习：肠道细菌之间存在互惠互利关系 It's one of the underwater world's classic partnerships:clownfish and Nemo hides out in the anemone, which helps keep predatory fish at bay. "But at the same time there are other fish species that will kind of nibble on the sea anemones, and the clownfish will actually go out and scare them away." Jeff Gore, a biophysicist at MIT. "So in this case there's across-protection mutualism between these two species in which they help to avoid predation." Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same sort of mutualism in microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to chloramphenicol. The researchers grew the bacteria together in a test tube, in the presence of both antibiotics. And rather than succumbing to the drugs, each bacterial strain deactivated one of the two antibioticsthus protecting the other strain. That activity led to a stable coexistence over time. Which Gore says could in theory give the bugs an opportunity to swap resistance genes, through whats called horizontal gene transferone bacterium donates genetic material to another. Any such transfer could make either or both strains individually resistant to both types of antibiotics. The findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The same story might play out in our guts, toobut it's too early to translate it into medical guidance. "It's always important to remember that just because we see a particular dynamic in the laboratory doesn't mean we should immediately go and change our clinical dosing practices. But then those sorts of results are then used as a guide for the kinds of phenomena that clinicians may want to watch out for in their circumstances." Cause the more we know about this bacterial buddy system, the better we may be at breaking it up if they team up against us. 这是水下世界中存在的传统伙伴关系:小丑鱼尼莫藏身于海葵中躲避食肉鱼类。 “但与此同时其它鱼类也会一点一点啃食海葵，而这时小丑鱼就会蹿出来将它们吓走。”麻省理工学院的生物物理学家杰夫格尔说道。 “因此在这种状况下这两个物种就形成了互惠共生关系。” 动物互惠互利关系.jpg 这种相互爱护的关系常常可以在两种动物间看到。 但格尔探讨了微生物中的这种互惠共生关系。 他和自己的团队对两种耐药性大肠杆菌进行了探讨，通过首个试验例子呈现出抗药性微生物之间的这种互惠共生关系: 一种菌株耐氨苄青霉素，而另一种则耐氯霉素。 探讨人员在一个试验试管两种抗生素都存在的状况下将这两种菌株同时培育。 结果表明，这两种菌株非但没有向抗生素屈服，而是每种菌株各自反抗其中的一种，从而爱护对方。 这样的行为能使菌种稳定的共存。 而格尔表示，理论上讲这种行为使得细菌相互交换抗性基因，这就是我们所说的水平基因转移，期间一种细菌将自己的遗传物质奉献给另一个。 肠道中不同细菌之间或也存在互惠互利关系.jpg 任何这样的转移可以使两种菌株的其中一种或者两者对两种类型的抗生素产生抗性。 这项探讨已在国家科学探讨进展杂志上发表。 这种同样的事情可能也在我们的肠道中上演，但把它变成医学指导方针可能为时过早。 重要的一点是要牢记，因为我们只在试验室中见过的这种特殊行为并不意味着我们就可以马上采纳并变更医学指导方针。 但当临床医生想要在工作中进行视察时，这样的试验结果可以作为探讨这种互惠共生的一种指导方针。 因为我们对细菌这样的体系了解的越多，在它们联合起来应付我们时，我们就越可能更好的歼灭它们。 1.hide out 躲藏在外 例句:Can I hide out with you? 我可以隐藏了你? 2.translate into 翻译成;把转化成 例句:Today, it may translate into confusion and a daunting level of research and mentalinvestment. 今日，它可能转变为混乱和使人畏缩程度的探讨和心智的投资。 3.lead to 导致 例句:A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems. 不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。 4.play out 渐渐发生;绽开 例句:Her union reforms were played out against a background of rising unemployment. 她对工会的改革是在失业率不断上升的背景下绽开的。 本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第13页 共13页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页