托福写作学会the的用法助你搞定语法.docx
托福写作学会the的用法助你搞定语法 托福写作语法问题肯定是高分必须要攻克的一道难关,想要写出逻辑清楚,遣词造句正确丰满的高质量托福作文,托福写作语法不行忽视。我为大家整理“托福写作:the的用法”,希望对大家有所帮助。 托福写作:“the”该怎么用? 一 基本规律 (Basic rules) 1. Indefinite article (不定冠词) 我们用 "a , an " 当我们不知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个: * is one of many. ( 是很多个中的一个) He is an artist.(=there are many artists) * is not unique. (不是唯一的) I have just bought a book * has not been mentioned before. (之前没有提到过) There was a new student in class today. 2. Definite article (定冠词) 我们用 " the " 当我们知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个: * is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) * has been mentioned before. (之前提到过) The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. * is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下来的短语具体说明) What is the new student's name? 3. No articles (无冠词) 我们不用冠词当我们普遍地提及事物的时候: * using plural or uncountable nouns (在运用复数或不行数名词时) Do you like sport? * with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的时候不用冠词,但是地名有很多例外,下文一一介绍) He is Professor Jones 4. Fixed phrases (固定短语) 有很多固定搭配须要用或者不用冠词,我们应当来单独学习,他们包括: a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day the same 二 常常发生问题的区域 (Areas that often cause problems) 1. Jobs (工作) 假如有很多人做这个工作我们用 a 或 an.: My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 但是假如一个工作特殊对应一个人,我们就要用“the”了: He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部长). (=there is only one) 2. Superlative (最高级) 我们运用“the”在形容词最高级前面: She is the best person for the job. 3. Last and next 有一些形容词如 “last” 和 “next ”同时可以用也可以不用定冠词“the”但是句意会发生改变 I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) I will see you next week.(=the one after this one) 4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital 和以上机构连用时我们不用定冠词“the” My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 然而,假如我们指的是这个建筑,我们就要用“the” Our flat is opposite the hospital. 三 在表示时间和地点的短语中用或不用定冠词 (phrases of time and place) 1. Phrases of time 有些时间短语必需用“the” Dates: the 25th of December / December the 25th Parts of the day: in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning ( but at night, at lunchtime) Decades or Centuries: the 1980s, the 21st century 另外一些时间短语不用“the” Years or Seasons: in 2002, in summer Months or Days: in August, on Friday, see you tomorrow 2 Place names 国家,大洲,岛屿,洲,省,城市前不加“the”(countries, continents, islands, states, provinces, town, cities) in Asia, to Sydney from Texas in Turkey in Britain in America 例外状况 the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, the Arab World (可以发觉国家名作为缩写的话要加“the”) 假如我们指的是一个地区(region)那么我们不须要用“the” North-west Inida, Northern Europe 但是假如我们指的是对于一个地区的方位或方向就要加上“the” in the east of the country, in the south of Italy, on the coast 大多数路,街,公园,桥梁,商店,酒店不用加“the”(raods, streets, parks, bridges, shops, restaurants) Central Park, Oxford Street, Tower Bridge 但是有命名的剧院,电影院,旅馆,画廊,博物馆加“the”(names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries, museums) the Hermitage, the National Theatre, the Odeon, the Ritz 特殊的山和湖不加“the” Lake Victoria, Mount Everest 山脉,河流,海洋,运输河要加“the” the Atlantic, the Yangtze River, the Himalayas, the Panama Canal 以上就是"the"在托福写作中的用法,大家可以在托福作文中多运用一些不同形式的句型,增加托福写作的层次感和簇新感。 详解影响托福写作得高分的4个问题 从每年的托福写作考试状况来看,有不少考生都会遇到一些问题,这些问题贯穿在整个考试过程中。下面来看看我整理的关于这些问题的介绍吧! 用词简洁没亮点 新托福写作部分要求考生的语言运用恰当,不过即便考生的词汇运用时有一些小错误,他的文章也可以得到高分。但是假如同时还有一些语法错误的话,那么就很难让阅卷者精确理解句子的意图,这个时候文章的得分就会比较低。 另外,经分析发觉,若考生只是运用一些简洁句和简洁的词汇,那么他是无法来阐述较为困难的问题的,而当文章的句子和单词过于简洁时,得分往往不会超过3分。 字数太少 对于独立写作的字数要求,正式的说法是:“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words,you may still receive a top score,but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.”. 可见,若想得到高分,考生最好能将文章写到300字以上,虽然有些文章字数不足但仍可得到满分,但是终归这种状况比较罕见,要充分对于考题绽开论述,从而有利地支持文章观点,足够的字数是必需的。 作文传统没新意 文章的发展指的是运用例子,细微环节和理由来支持你在文章中所阐述的观点。阅卷者不希望看到考生为了凑字数而过多运用一些 “模式化”的单词或句子来发展文章,也不情愿看到考生过多抄袭或者沿用题目中的句子。他们会考察考生在用自己的话论述观点上的实力。 逻辑结构不明确 假如考生的文章是组织有序的,那么阅卷者从头看到尾也不会感到糊涂。文章结构的有序,并不是单纯地运用了诸如 first,second之类的连词就可以达成。文章中全部的句子必需服务于你的论述主题,一旦脱离了主题,那么再精辟的连词也是徒劳的。 本文来源:网络收集与整理,如有侵权,请联系作者删除,谢谢!第10页 共10页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页第 10 页 共 10 页