仁爱版英语九年级上学期知识点汇总3910.pdf

仁爱版英语上学期知识点汇总(九年级上册)Unit1 The Changing World Topic1 Our country has developed rapidly.【重点短语和句型】1.?have a good summer holiday?暑假过得愉快 2.?come back from?从.回来 3.?have/has been to?去过 4.?have/has gone to?去了 5.?not.any more?再也不.?6.?take photos?照相?7.?by the way?顺便问一下 8.?take part in?参加 9.?around/all over/throughout the world?全世界 10.?tell sb.something about.?告诉某人关于某事 11.?have/live a happy/hard life?过幸福/艰苦的生活 12.?describe.in detail?详细描述 13.?give support to?支持.14.?see.oneself?亲眼看见 15.?keep in touch with?与.保持联系 16.?far away?遥远的 17.?kinds/sorts of?各种各样的.18.?not only.but also?不仅.而且.19.?make progress?取得进步 20.?more than/over?多于 21.?develop/improve rapidly?迅速发展/改善 22.?tell sb.(not)to do sth.?告诉某人（别）做某事 23.?ask sb.(not)to do sth.?要求某人（别）做某事 24.?in order to do sth.?为了做某事 25.?have to do sth.?不得不做某事 26.?Its+形容词+for sb.to do sth.?对于某人来说做某事是.的 27.?why not do sth.?为什么不做某事 28.?succeed/be successful in doing sth.?成功做某事 29.?dream about doing sth.?梦想做某事 30.?see/hear sb.do/doing sth.?看见/听见某人做/正在做某事【重点语法】现在完成时 一.现在完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二.现在完成时的用法?1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。?I?have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如 already（肯定句句中）,yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）,just,before,recently,still,lately,never等。2.?现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)此种用法常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须延续性动词。有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead buy-have fall ill-be ill come back-be back catch a cold-have a cold?Topic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.?【重点短语和句型】1.?get lost?迷路 2.?a couple of?一些，几个 3.?with the development of?随着.的发展 4.?with the help of.?在.的帮助下 5.?one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数?其中之一/最.的其中之一 6.?each other?互相 7.?call/ring?给某人打电话 8.?at least?至少 9.?sth.happen to sb.?某人发生某事 10.?What happened to sb?某人发生某事?11.?take place?发生 12.?because of?因为，由于 13.?be strict with sb./in sth.?对某人/某事严格要求 14.?carry out?执行 15.?thousands/millions/hundreds of?成千上万/无数的/成百上千.16.?two thousand/million/hundred?两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加 s)17.?half of.?一半.18.?two thirds?三分之二 19.?be short of?短缺.20.?so far?到目前为止 21.?be known/famous for?因.而闻名 22.?be known/famous as?作为.而闻名 23.?thanks to?幸亏.24.?have a long way to go?有很长的路要走 25.?a town called.?一个叫做.的镇 26.?fewer than/less than?少于 27.?places of interest?名胜古迹 28.?be interested in?对.感兴趣 29.?such as?例如.30.?look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词?看/闻/听/摸/尝起来.31.such a/an+形容词+sb./sth?如此.的人/物 32.?take sb.to sp?带某人去某地 33.?keep up with?赶上 34.?have fun doing sth.?做某事很愉快 35.?have a population of.?有.的人口 36.?Whats the population of.?.有多少人口？37.?want to do sth.?想要做某事 38.?hate to do sth?讨厌做某事 39.?take measures to do sth.?采取措施做某事 40.?have(no)chance/time to do sth.?有机会/时间做某事 41.?used to do sth.?过去常常做某事 42.?be used to do sth.?被用来做某事 43.?be/get used to doing sth.?习惯做某事 44.?work well in doing sth.?在.方面起到显着作用【重点语法】常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already,just,yet,ever,never,recently.1.I have just?called you.2.Have you ever?been to France?No,Ive never?been to any European countries.3.Have you seen him yet?Yes,I have seen him already.?Topic3 The world has changed for the better.【重点短语】1.?with the money?用这些钱 2.?so that?为了，以致于 3.?so.that.?如此.以致于.4.?in fact/as a matter of fact?事实上 5.?come for a visit?来参观 6.?in need?在困难时 7.?decide on sth.?决定某事 8.?provide sth.for sb./provide sb.with sth.?为某人提供某物 9.?feel good about.?对.有信心 10?lend sth.to sb/lend sb.sth.?把某物借给某人 11.?borrow sth.from sb.?向某人借某物 12.?at the same time?与此同时 13.?talk on the phone?在电话中交谈 14.?take drugs?吸毒 15.?pay for?付款 16.?buy sth.for sb.?给某人买某物 17.?at home and abroad?在国内外 18.?send sb.to sp.?送某人去某地 19.?send for sb.?派人去请某人 20.?aim to do sth.?目的是做某事 21.?decide(not)to do sth.?决定（不）做某事 22.?finish doing?结束做某事 23.?How do you like./What do you think of.?你觉得.怎么样？24.?doing sth=It takes.to do sth.?某人花费.时间做某事 25.?some money on sth.=some money for sth.?某人花费.钱买某物 26.?so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语?表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语?表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）27.?so+主语+/be/助动词/情态动词?表示的确如此【重点语法】1.现在完成时：常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。.You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2.构词法:合成词:home+work=homework 派生词:useuseful,happyunhappy Unit2 Saving the Earth Topic1?Population?causes too many problems.【重点短语】1.chemical factory?化工厂 2.pour into?把排放到 3.in a bad mood?处在不好的情绪中 4.manage to do sth.?设法去做某事 5.do harm to?/?be harmful to?对有害 6.quite a few?相当多 7.no better than?同.一样差 8.in pubic?公开地 9.all sorts of?各种各样的 many ways 在许多方面?【重点句型】1.Look,there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。2.Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。3.How long have you been like this?你像这样多长时间了?4.Im always in a bad mood because I cant stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。5.However,not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humanshealth.然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。【重点语法】直接引语和间接引语?1.Granny said,“Im feeling even worse.”Granny said that she was feeling even worse.?2.“Do you still want to live here,Granny?”the journalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.3.“How is the environment around this place?”the journalist asked.The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.Topic2 All?these problems are very serious.【重点短语】1.as a result?结果 2.here and there?到处 3.in the beginning 一开始 4.in danger 处于危险中 5.cut down?砍倒 6.change sth.into sth.?把变成 7.prevent from?防止 8.greenhouse effect?温室效应 9.refer to?提到 10.deal with 处理 12.cut off?中断【重点句型】1.As we know,none of us likes pollution.众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。2.Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。3.Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings,animals and plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。5.Some things weve done are very good for earth while some are not good.?我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。6.They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。7.When it rains or when the wind blows,the earth is taken away.天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。?【重点语法】不定代词?1.定义:指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2.用法:在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something,somebody,anything,anybody 等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。.But the government has done something useful?to protect the environment.Topic3?What?kinds of things can we do to protect the environment?【重点短语】1.not onlybut also?不仅而且 2.be supposed to 应该 3.ought to 应该 4.turn off?关掉 5.instead of?代替 6.on time?准时 7.make sure 确保 8.push forward 向前推 9.push down?向下 10.pull up?向上拉?【重点句型】1.For example,we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并重新使用塑料袋。2.Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。3.First,you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。4.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。5.Well,actions speak louder than words.嗯，百说不如一做。6.There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow,so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。【重点语法】并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的并列连词有：and,or,but,while,not only but also.1.The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2.They work well,but they are slow and cant run for long.?Unit3?English Around the World Topic1?English?is widely spoken throughout the world.?【重点词语】1.be able to=can?能够,会 2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事 3.have a(good)chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事 4.practice doing sth.练习做某事 5.be made by 被制做 be made of/from 由制成 be made in 在某地制造 6.on business 出差 7.be similar to 和相似 8.translateinto 把翻译成 9.have no/some trouble(in)doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难 10.once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或 11.whenever=no matter when 无论何时 12.as well as 以及 13.mother tongue 母语 14.take the leading position 处于领先地位 15.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 16.call for/on sb to do sth 号召?【重点句型】1.Disneyland is enjoyed by?millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2.I hope I can go there one day.希望有一天我能去那儿。3.English?is?widely spoken?around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。4.It?is also spoken as a second language?in many countries.?在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5.It is possible that?you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6.Its used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia,Great Britain andNew Zealand.?它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7.And?two thirds?of the worlds scientists read English.?并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。【重点语法】一般现在时的被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。?主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned(by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1.?被动语态的构成：助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中 by 意为“被；由”，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English is?widely?spoken around the world.（肯定式）English?is not widely spoken?around the world.（否定式）-Is?English widely?spoken around the world?（疑问式）-Yes,it is./No,it isnt.2.被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3?主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态 by 的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1)?People grow rice in the south.?Rice?is grown(by people)in the south.(2)?She?takes care of the baby.?The baby is taken care of(by her).Topic2 English?is spoken differently in different countries.【重点词语】1.by the way 顺便说一下?2.depend on 取决于；依靠 3.be different from 与不同?4.succeed in 成功，达成 5.make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思 6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上 7.see sb.off 给送行 8.leave for前往某地/leavefor 离开去 9.in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后 10.written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语 11.generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说 12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物 13.be close to 靠近?14.in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自 15.be found of 爱好 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做 force do 强迫某人做某事 17.even worse 更糟的是【重点句型】1.?Is Australia English the same as British English?澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?2.English is spoken differently?in different?English-speaking countries.?不同的国家使用不同的英语。3.?For example,there are differences between British English and?American English.例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。4.?I cant believe that?Im flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。5.I hope I wont have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。6.Whenever?you need help,send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。7.Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。【重点语法】用现在进行时表示将来 现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start,begin,return,open,die Im going.我要走了。?When are you starting?你什么时候动身？Dont worry.The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。Topic3 Could?you give us some advice on how to learn English?well?【重点短语】1.in public 在 公共场所?2.at times=sometimes 有时 3.feel like doing=would like to do 想要做 4.give up sth./doing sth.放弃?5.turn to sb.for help 求助于某人 6.give sb.some advice on/about 给某人一些有关的建议 7.be weak in 在方面很差/be good at 在方面很好 8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事?9.make mistakes 犯错误 10.take a deep breath 深呼吸?11.the best time to do 做某事最好的时间 12.do some listening practice 做些听力训练?13.reply to=answer 回答 14.advise sb.to do 建议某人做某事（名词 advice）【重点句型】2.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？3.At times I feel like giving up.有时我想要放弃。4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words,and get the main idea of?the article.尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。5.I dare not answer questions in class,because Im afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。6.Its an honor to?talk with all of you.与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.?但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。8.I insist that?you practice English every day.?我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。9.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success.?自信是通往成功的第一步。【重点语法】wh-+to do?wh-是指 when,where,which,who(m)及 how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh-+to do 结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh-+to do 这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.?She cant decide?which to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：I?dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)Unit4 Amazing Science Topic1 When?was it invented?【重点短语】1.go around?环绕 2.sendinto?=send upinto?把送入.3.congratulations on sth?祝贺某事 4.be proud of?为而自豪?5.be moved by?为而感动 6.Thanks/Thank you for+n./ving sth?感谢某人做的某事 7.have physical examinations?做体检?8.in good/bad health?处于好（不好）的身体状态 9.cant help doing?情不自禁做 10.take turn to(do sth)?轮流（做某事）11.no doubt?疑地 12.as well as?除的之外，也 13.for instance/example?例如 14.work on?做（方面）的工作 15.depend on/upon?依靠，依赖 16.turn on?打开 17.turn off?关掉 18.turn up 开大 19.turn down?关小 20.click on?用鼠标点击 21.look forward to doing sth?期待做某事【重点句型】1.Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.?现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。2.Im moved by what Yang Liwei did.?我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。3.Generally speaking,we are in good health now.?一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。4.We couldnt help looking at the earth again and again.我们忍不住再三地看着地球。?5.I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest.?一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。6.It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry.?这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.?毫无疑问，电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.8.Computers have made the world smaller,like a“village”.?电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。【重点语法】?宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。（一）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：1.We call him Jim.（名词）?我们叫他吉姆。2.We must keep our school clean every day.（形容词）?我们必须每天保持校园清洁。3.Call him in,please.（副词）?请叫他进来。4.Leave it on the desk.（介词短语）?把它留在课桌上。（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况 1.跟带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask,tell,get,teach,want,invite,like,allow,wish,encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。2.跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen to,hear）,三让（make,let,have）,四看（look at,see,watch,notice）如：Lets have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。但这种结构变成被动语态时，to 必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。?3.跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有 help。如：Can you help me(to)wash my clothes?你能帮我洗衣服吗？（三）分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况 1.现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see,watch,hear 等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room.?我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。2.过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：You need to have your hair cut.?你需要理发了。Topic2?Im excited about the things that will be discovered in the future.?【重点短语】1.?be?used?for?+ving?被用做 2.?come?true?实现 3.?Its?said?that?据说 4.?during/in?ones?life?某人一生 5.?be?known?as?以（身份）而着名 6.?know/say?for?certain?确切知道/肯定地说 7.?all?the?time?一直，总是 8.?no?longer=notany?longer?不再=(no?more,?notany?more)9.?as?long?as?只要 10.?as?far?as?就，尽 11.?make?a?great?contribution?对.作出巨大贡献 12.?the?rest?of?the?time?在其余地时间里 13.?at?any?time?在任何时候【重点句型】1.?Because?Im?not?allowed?to?play?computer?games.?因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。2.?How?do?you?say?this?in?English?这用英语怎么说？3.?Its?made?from?wood.?它用木材做的。4.?Its?used?for?helping?us?to?improve?our?English.?它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。5.?People?are?surprised?at?the?rapid?development?of?robots.人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊