中考英语复习：祈使句和倒装句10867.pdf

1 中考英语复习：祈使句和倒装句 命题趋势：在近五年中考题中，对祈使句的考查在单项选择等题型中有所体现，侧重考查考生的综合运用能力。中考考查重点：1.否定的祈使句；2.以 let 开头的祈使句；3.祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换；4.祈使句的应答语。考向一：祈使句的基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。1.肯定的祈使句 句型：动词原形其他成分。Be careful!小心！Do祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Close the door,please.请关门。2.否定的祈使句 常用句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again!别再迟到了！用 Never 开头：Never动词原形其他成分。Never leave todays work for tomorrow!不要把今天的工作留到明天！3.Let 引导的祈使句 以 Let 开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let.not 或 Dont.Let us not be late.让我们不要迟到。Dont let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。【2020 凉山州】When I want to go out to play with my friends,my mother always says,“_ at home.Dont waste your time.”A.Stay B.Stays C.To stay D.Staying 2 考向二：祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 1.Lets+动词原形+其他可转换为Shall we+动词原形+其他?。Lets go fishing this afternoon.=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?2.祈使句+and/or+简单句可转换为含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句。Use your head,and youll find a way.=If you use your head,youll find a way.Hurry up,or well be late.=If we dont hurry up,well be late.【2020 贵州铜仁市】Work hard,_your dream will come true.Well.I will do my best.A.so B.but C.and D.or 考向三：祈使句的应答语 1.以 Lets 开头的祈使句，其答语常用 Good idea./OK./Yes,Id love to.等。Lets go to the park.让我们去公园吧。Good idea.好主意。2.其他肯定祈使句的应答语为 Yes,I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为 Sorry/No,I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain.Remember to take an umbrella with you.就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。Thanks,I will.谢谢，我会的。Dont play with my cat.不要和我的猫玩。Sorry,I wont do it again.对不起，我将不再那样做了。Wish you good luck in the entrance exam._.The same to you.A.Thank you B.See you C.Im sorry to hear that 3 祈使句用法口诀 祈使句，无主语，动词开头就可以。表示请求或命令，加上 please 表客气。要想变成否定句，Dont 开头别忘记。1.Peter has made great progress in English recently._.He has been studying so hard these days.A.So have he B.So he has C.So he have D.So has he 2._ this rock music,please.Im afraid some people cant stand the noise!A.Stopping B.Stop C.Stops D.Stopped 3._ out your love.The world will become a nicer place to live in.A.Speak B.To speak C.Spoke D.Speaking 5.Tom,_ afraid of speaking in front of people.You are the best one.A.dont B.not C.not be D.dont be 6.What are the rules at your school?Dont run in the hallways and_ arrive late for class.A.not to B.wont C.dont D.no 7.Tom,_late for school again.Sorry,I wont.A.isnt B.doesnt be C.dont be D.not be 8.to bed early or you cant get up tomorrow morning.A.Going B.To go C.Goes D.Go 1.【2020 黑龙江绥化】_ walk on the grass.A.Doesnt B.Dont C.Not 2.【2020 上海市】Tom，_here to carry the luggage upstairs for me，will you？All right Acome Bcame Ccoming Dto come 3.【2020湖北省咸宁市】My aim is to go to Wuhan University for further study.4 Work hard,_ you can make it.A.if B.so C.and D.unless 4.【2020辽宁营口】_ the dishes after dinner,Tony.No problem,Mom.A.Washing B.Washes C.To wash D.Wash 5.【2020湖南湘西中考】Please _ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.A.puts B.put C.to put 6.【2020湖南邵阳中考】How can I avoid the illness,Sir?_ a mask when going out and wash hands with soap.A.Wears B.Wear C.To wear 7.【2020上海中考】Tom,_here to carry the luggage upstairs for me,will you?All right.A.come B.came C.coming D.to come 8.【2020黑龙江绥化中考】_ walk on the grass.A.Doesnt B.Dont C Not 9.【2020湖南长沙中考】_ your smartphones,and read for at least 30 minutes every day!You know,reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.A.Put away B.To put away C.Putting away 1.【2020山东省济南市槐荫区中考二模】Hey,Amy,_ in the classroom.Oh,sorry,Ms.King.A.not eat B.dont eat C.not eating D.doesnt eat 2.【2020安徽省合肥市 二模】How about taking a taxi there?Its faster._.Its rush hour now,so it may take longer.A.Sounds great B.Promise!C.Better not D.Take it easy 3.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】Father said,“_ exercise every day,my child.Its good for your health.”A.Taking B.To take C.Take D.Taken 4.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】Lets go hiking,_?OK.Lets go.5 A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.shall we 5.【2020济南市市中区二模】Wilson,_ your phone off or to silent.The meeting is about to start.All right.A.turn B.turns C.to turn D.turning 倒装句 命题趋势：倒装句是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句，主要考查学生在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装，以及so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语的用法。中考考查重点：倒装句的构成和用法。考向一：部分倒装 倒装条件 例句 一般疑问句中，将助动词放到主语之前，构成部分倒装。Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗？特殊疑问句中，疑问词作宾语、表语或状语，需要将其置于句首，将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了？only+状语/状语从句位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Only in this way can you improve your grade.只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。表示否定意义的词或短语，如 little,hardly,never,in no case,seldom 等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.几乎没有一天没有来访者。虚拟条件句中，从句谓语部分中有 were,had 或should 可省略 if，把 were，had 或 should 提到主语前。Should we succeed,we would be rich.我们一旦成功就发财了。so.that.句型中，so+adj./adv.位于句首时。So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于我们赶不上他。表示也(不)的句式，即so/neither/nor+I dont like it;neither do I care it.我不喜欢它，6 助动词/情态动词/be+主语形式。也不在意它。某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时，如 not onlybut also，hardlywhen，nosoonerthan,notuntil 等，主句用部分倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。may 表示祝愿时用部分倒装。May you have a good time!祝你玩得愉快！【易错警示】1.特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，则不用倒装。Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案？2.so+主语+谓语结构不用倒装。Jimmy is good at playing football.吉米足球踢得很好。So he is.的确。【典例】【2020 辽宁丹东】Tom is always ready to help others._.He often helps me with my English.A.So he is B.So he does C.So is he D.So does he 考向二：完全倒装 倒装条件 例句 表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词，如 in,out,up,there,then,here,first 等放在句首，若主 语是名词而不是代词时，句子用完全倒装 Here comes the bus.公交车来了。Here he comes.他来了。分词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装 Lying on the couch is an old lady.躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be 句型是全倒装的一种 There are a number of teachers and students in the school.在这所学校有很多老师和学生。作表语的 such 位于句首时 Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难，需要记住这几点；位置副词 there 句首，表语 such 提句前，介词短语表地点，全部倒装谓在前。【2020 广西北部湾】I have never been to Hawaii.What about Mike?_.7 A.So has he B.Neither he has C.Neither has he so助动词/be 动词/情态动词主语和 neither助动词/be 动词/情态动词主语的区别 区别 so助动词/be 动词/情态动词主语 依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为也。neither助动词/be 动词/情态动词主语 依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为也不。Tom watched TV last night,so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night,neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，应用so主语be/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是某人（物）也（不）是这样。这种结构中的助动词/be 动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。Lucy is a good student,so is Lily.露西是个好学生，莉莉也是。1.Im not going swimming this afternoon.倒装句速记口诀 副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only 修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，既不也不须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such 代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Not only 开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were，should 虚拟句，省略 if 半倒装。8 _.I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A.So am I B.So I am C.Neither am I D.Neither I 2.I hope to visit Beijing one day._.A.So I do B.So do I C.Yes,I hope to do D.Yes,I will 3.Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon._._ go together?A.So I do;Why dont B.So do I;What about C.So I will;How about D.So will I;Shall we 4.Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time.How about Tom?_.A.He does so B.He did so C.So does he D.So did he 5.I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean:On stranger Tides._.A.Neither have I B.So have I C.Neither I have D.So I have 6.I have changed my job._.A.So do I B.So have I C.So I do D.So I have 1.【2020 黑龙江绥化】Will you go to the movies tomorrow?If you dont go,_.A.neither do I B.neither wont I C.neither will I 2.【2020 四川达州中考】It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday.I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races.How exciting!_,but I didnt see you there.A.So I did B.So did I C.So do I D.Neither did I 1.【2020 安徽省芜湖市三模】I have downloaded an app to order a taxi._.Its really convenient.A.So did I B.Neither did I C.So have I D.Neither have I 9 2.【2020 湖南省长沙市青竹湖三模】Would you like to go to the amusement park with us?If my twin sister doesnt go,_.A.neither I would B.so do I C.neither will I 3.【2020 重庆市永川区质量检测一诊】I usually have milk and bread for breakfast._.A.So have I B.So do I C.So I do D.So I have 祈使句和倒装句答案 命题趋势：在近五年中考题中，对祈使句的考查在单项选择等题型中有所体现，侧重考查考生的综合运用能力。中考考查重点：1.否定的祈使句；2.以 let 开头的祈使句；3.祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换；4.祈使句的应答语。考向一：祈使句的基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。1.肯定的祈使句 句型：动词原形其他成分。Be careful!小心！Do祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Close the door,please.请关门。2.否定的祈使句 常用句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again!别再迟到了！用 Never 开头：Never动词原形其他成分。1 0 Never leave todays work for tomorrow!不要把今天的工作留到明天！3.Let 引导的祈使句 以 Let 开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let.not 或 Dont.Let us not be late.让我们不要迟到。Dont let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。【2020 凉山州】When I want to go out to play with my friends,my mother always says,“_ at home.Dont waste your time.”A.Stay B.Stays C.To stay D.Staying【答案】A【解析】句意：当我想和朋友一起出去玩时，妈妈总是说：“待在家里。不要浪费时间。”考查祈使句。stay 动词原形；stays 动词第三人称单数；to stay 动词不定式；staying 动名词/现在分词。根据语境，此处是表示命令、要求的句子，应用祈使句，动词原形开头。故选 A。考向二：祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 1.Lets+动词原形+其他可转换为Shall we+动词原形+其他?。Lets go fishing this afternoon.=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?2.祈使句+and/or+简单句可转换为含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句。Use your head,and youll find a way.=If you use your head,youll find a way.Hurry up,or well be late.=If we dont hurry up,well be late.【2020 贵州铜仁市】Work hard,_your dream will come true.Well.I will do my best.A.so B.but C.and D.or【答案】C【解析】句意：努力工作，你的梦想就会实现。嗯，我会尽力的。考查祈使句+and/or+简单句结构。so因此；but但是；and 并且；or 或者。根据句子，“work hard”与“your dream will come true”之间的关系，可知努力工作，梦想就会实现。所以要使用祈使句+and+简单句结构。1 1 故选 C。考向三：祈使句的应答语 1.以 Lets 开头的祈使句，其答语常用 Good idea./OK./Yes,Id love to.等。Lets go to the park.让我们去公园吧。Good idea.好主意。2.其他肯定祈使句的应答语为 Yes,I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为 Sorry/No,I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain.Remember to take an umbrella with you.就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。Thanks,I will.谢谢，我会的。Dont play with my cat.不要和我的猫玩。Sorry,I wont do it again.对不起，我将不再那样做了。Wish you good luck in the entrance exam._.The same to you.A.Thank you B.See you C.Im sorry to hear that【答案】A【解析】对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故选 A。祈使句用法口诀 祈使句，无主语，动词开头就可以。表示请求或命令，加上 please 表客气。要想变成否定句，Dont 开头别忘记。1.Peter has made great progress in English recently._.He has been studying so hard these days.A.So have he B.So he has C.So he have D.So has he【答案】B【解析】句意：彼得最近在英语方面取得重大进步。的确如此。他这些天一直在努力学习。so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语，表示前面所说的情况也适合后者，意思是也是，前后句的主语不同；so+主语+助动词/be 动词/情态动词，表示对前面情况的一种肯定，意思是的确如此。根据He has 1 2 been studying so hard these days.可知近来彼得取得了很大进步，在这里要表示确实是这样，用 so+主语+谓语，排除 C,D；句子的时态是现在完成时，主语是 he，所以用 has，故答案为 B。2._ this rock music,please.Im afraid some people cant stand the noise!A.Stopping B.Stop C.Stops D.Stopped【答案】B【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，故选 B。3._ out your love.The world will become a nicer place to live in.A.Speak B.To speak C.Spoke D.Speaking 【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句的用法。句意为“说出你的爱。”祈使句使用动词原形，故选 A。5.Tom,_ afraid of speaking in front of people.You are the best one.A.dont B.not C.not be D.dont be【答案】D【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，否定借用助动词 dont,害怕的短语为 be afraid of doing sth./be afraid to do sth.故选 D.6.What are the rules at your school?Dont run in the hallways and_ arrive late for class.A.not to B.wont C.dont D.no【答案】C 【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，否定借用助动词 dont.7.Tom,_late for school again.Sorry,I wont.B.isnt B.doesnt be C.dont be D.not be【答案】C【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，否定借用助动词 dont,迟到短语为 be late for.,故选 C.8.to bed early or you cant get up tomorrow morning.A.Going B.To go C.Goes D.Go【答案】D 1 3 【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形.1.【2020 黑龙江绥化】_ walk on the grass.A.Doesnt B.Dont C.Not【答案】B【解析】句意：不要踩踏草坪。考查祈使句的否定形式。空格后为实义动词 walk，故本句适用 Do 型祈使句，其否定形式为在祈使句首加 Dont，故选 B。2.【2020 上海市】Tom，_here to carry the luggage upstairs for me，will you？All right Acome Bcame Ccoming Dto come【答案】A【解析】句意：汤姆，过来帮我把行李搬到楼上，好吗？好的。考查祈使句。come 原形；came 过去式；coming 动名词；to come 动词不定式；根据句子结构，可知省略了主语，是祈使句，用动词原形；故选 A。3.【2020湖北省咸宁市】My aim is to go to Wuhan University for further study.Work hard,_ you can make it.A.if B.so C.and D.unless【答案】C【解析】句意：我的目标是去武汉大学继续深造。努力学习，那么你就会做到的。考查“祈使句，and/or+陈述句”结构。if如果；so所以；and并且；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处构成“祈使句，and/or+陈述句”结构，强调如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果，所以使用and。故选C。4.【2020辽宁营口】_ the dishes after dinner,Tony.No problem,Mom.A.Washing B.Washes C.To wash D.Wash【答案】D【解析】考查祈使句的谓语动词。本句为祈使句，意为“Tony,晚饭后请洗碗”。祈使句的谓语动词均用原形。故选D。5.【2020湖南湘西中考】Please _ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.A.puts B.put C.to put 1 4 【答案】B【解析】考查祈使句。句意：请根据标志将垃圾放入不同的垃圾箱中。肯定祈使句以动词原形开头，故选A。6.【2020湖南邵阳中考】How can I avoid the illness,Sir?_ a mask when going out and wash hands with soap.A.Wears B.Wear C.To wear【答案】B【解析】考查句子的种类。句意：-先生，我如何能避免得病。-出门时戴口罩，还要注意用肥皂洗手。根据语境提示 and 连接词可知，前后两句为并列句，故本题需用祈使句。故选 B。7.【2020上海中考】Tom,_here to carry the luggage upstairs for me,will you?All right.A.come B.came C.coming D.to come【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：汤姆，过来帮我把行李搬到楼上，好吗?好的。A项为动词原形，可用于祈使句；B项为动词过去式；C项为现在分词（动名词），可用在句中作主语、定语、补足语或状语等，但不能独立作谓语。D。动词不定式，可用在句中作主语、定语、补足语、定语或状语等，但不能独立作谓语。根据答语，可以看出，要用动词原形作谓语构成祈使句。故选A。8.【2020黑龙江绥化中考】_ walk on the grass.A.Doesnt B.Dont C Not【答案】B【解析】考查祈使句。句意：不要践踏草坪。否定祈使句用dont，故选B。9.【2020湖南长沙中考】_ your smartphones,and read for at least 30 minutes every day!You know,reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.A.Put away B.To put away C.Putting away【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：收起你们的智能手机，每天至少阅读30分钟！你们知道，阅读帮助我们深化我们的精神世界。A项为动词原形，可用于祈使句；B项为动词不定式，可用在句中作主语、定语、补足语、定语或状语等，但不能独立作谓语；C项为动词的-ing形式，可在句中作主语、定语、补足语或状语等，但不能独立作谓语。分析句子结构可以看出，句中and连接两个祈使句，and之后用动词原形read，其前也要用动词原形。故选A。1 5 1.【2020山东省济南市槐荫区中考二模】Hey,Amy,_ in the classroom.Oh,sorry,Ms.King.A.not eat B.dont eat C.not eating D.doesnt eat【答案】B【解析】句意：嘿，Amy，不要在教室里吃东西。哦，抱歉，King女士。考查祈使句否定句的用法。not eat 不要吃，动词原形；dont eat不要吃，助动词加动词原形；not eating不要吃，动词 ing 形式；doesnt eat 不要吃，助动词加动词原形。根据句意可知，表示不要在教室吃东西是祈使句。祈使句否定句结构是 dont 后跟动词原形。故选 B。2.【2020安徽省合肥市 二模】How about taking a taxi there?Its faster._.Its rush hour now,so it may take longer.A.Sounds great B.Promise!C.Better not D.Take it easy【答案】C【解析】句意：乘出租车去那儿怎么样？它更快。最好不要。现在是高峰期，所以可能要花更长的时间。考查情景交际。Sounds great 听起来很棒；Promise!保证；Better not最好不要；Take it easy放松点。根据“Its rush hour now,so it may take longer”及语境可知，一方建议乘坐出租车，另一方表示现在是高峰期，乘坐出租车可能会更慢，所以最好不要乘出租车。故选 C。3.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】Father said,“_ exercise every day,my child.Its good for your health.”A.Taking B.To take C.Take D.Taken【答案】C【解析】句意：“我的孩子，每天锻炼身体。这对你的健康有好处。”父亲说。甘肃省张掖市中考一模 考查祈使句。Taking现在分词；To take动词不定式；Take 动词原形；Taken 过去分词。根据句意理解，这是一个祈使句。英语中祈使句是用来表示请求，命令或劝告的句子，是以动词原形开头的句子，所以本句应该是动词原形开头，故选 C。4.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】Lets go hiking,_?OK.Lets go.A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.shall we【答案】D【解析】句意：我们去远足吧，好吗？好啊。我们走吧。考查反意疑问句。根据英语语法，以Lets 开头的提问，包括所询问的对方在内，故应用 shall we 做反义疑问部分，故选 D。1 6 5.【2020济南市市中区二模】Wilson,_ your phone off or to silent.The meeting is about to start.All right.A.turn B.turns C.to turn D.turning【答案】A【解析】句意：威尔逊，关闭你的手机或保持静音。会议就要开始了。好的。本题考查祈使句。根据句意“关闭你的手机或保持静音。会议就要开始了。”可知是命令某人，所以用祈使句，句型为“动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分”，故选 A。倒装句 命题趋势：倒装句是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句，主要考查学生在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装，以及so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语的用法。中考考查重点：倒装句的构成和用法。考向一：部分倒装 倒装条件 例句 一般疑问句中，将助动词放到主语之前，构成部分倒装。Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗？特殊疑问句中，疑问词作宾语、表语或状语，需要将其置于句首，将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了？only+状语/状语从句位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Only in this way can you improve your grade.只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。表示否定意义的词或短语，如 little,hardly,never,in no case,seldom 等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.几乎没有一天没有来访者。虚拟条件句中，从句谓语部分中有 were,had 或should 可省略 if，把 were，had 或 should 提到主语前。Should we succeed,we would be rich.我们一旦成功就发财了。1 7 so.that.句型中，so+adj./adv.位于句首时。So fast did he run that we couldnt