没有被动语态的及物动词8258.pdf

没有被动语态的及物动词 众所周知，英语的被动语态是由 be及物动词的过去分词构成。有人认为似乎所有的及物动词都可转换成相应的被动语。其实不然，至少在某种意义上，有些及物动词不能用于被动语态。一、当句子的谓语是表示“拥有”、“容纳”、“缺少”概念的及物动词时。例如：1The millionaire possesses great wealth这位百万富翁拥有大量的财富。不能说：Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire 2The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water新水库蓄水量很大。不能说：A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir 3The house comprises five rooms这幢房子有五个房间。不能说：Five rooms are comprised by the house 4，John Smith always lacks confidence约翰史密斯总是缺乏自信心。不能说：Confidence is always lacked by John Smith 二、当句子的谓语是表示“适合”的及物动词，如 suit，become，fit 等时，没有相应的被动语态。1The blue skirt becomes Mary very well这条蓝裙子玛丽穿上去很合适。不能说：Mary is become very well by the blue skirt 2Will the date suit you 这个日子对你合适吗 不能说：Will you be suited by the date 3We should fit our deeds to our words我们应该言行一致。不能说：Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us 三、当句子的谓语是表示“相互作用”的及物动词，如：equal，mean，resemble 等时。1No one equals him in intelligence他的智力是无与伦比的。不能说：He is equaled by no one in intelligence 2Revolution means liberating productive force革命就是解放生产力。不能说：Liberating productive force is meant by revolution 3The two boys resemble each other in appearance这两个男孩长得相似。不能说：Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance 四、当句子的谓语是表示“明白”意义的及物动词，如：get，catch，take 时，也没有相应的被动语态。1The boy said，“I didnt catch the last two words”这个男孩说：“我没听清楚最后两个词。”不能说：The boy said，“The last two words werent caught by me”2I dont take you at all你说的我一点也不懂。不能说：You arent taken by me at all 五、动词 have 作“有、接受、度过、吃、经历”解时，没有被动语态。1I have five good dictionaries我有五本好词典。不能说：Five good dictionaries are had by me 2I had three letters from MrGreen我收到过格林先生三封信。不能说：Three letters were had by me from MrGreen 3We shall have a good Spring Festival我们将过一个愉快的春节。不能说：A good Spring Festival will be had by us 4I usually have breakfast at half past six我通常六点半吃早饭。不能说：Breakfast is usually had by me at half past six 六、当及物动词 last 表示“持续”、“经久”的含义时，也没有相应的被动语态。This coat has lasted me five years这件外衣我已穿了五年。不能说：I have been lasted five years by this coat 七、及物动词 cost 表示“价值”、“花费”意义时，没有被动语态。That project cost them too much in man-power，material and money那项工程耗费了他们大量的人力、物力和财力。不能说：They were cost too much in manpower，material and money by the project 八、及物动词“befall”表示“临到头上”，“发生于”之意时，没有被动语态。A succession of misfortunes befell the poor little girl这个可怜的女孩遭受了种种不幸。不能说：The poor little girl was befallen by a succession of misfortunes 综上所述，并非所有的及物动词都可用于被动语态。所以我们要仔细辨析，以免用错。