2022电大《文学英语赏析》期末复习重点参考资料参考答案11644.pdf
2022 电大文学英语赏析期末复习重点参考资料参考答案 5 2 电年夜文学英语赏析期末复习重点参考资料小抄 1.Figures of Speech 修辞格 P15-19 Simile 明喻：one thing is compared with another,usually using the word like,as.Metaphor 暗喻:when we make a direct comparison between one idea and another unrelated idea.Alliteration 头韵:when the same consonant sound(子音)is repeated in words either next to or close to each other.Assonance 半韵:Assonance refers to the repetition of similar vowel sounds(元音)close to each other.Personification 拟人：when a non-animate（无生命）object is given animate（有生命）characteristics.Parallelism 排比：when we have an identical structure repeated one or more times.Irony(and Sarcasm)嘲讽:On one level,a persons words do not match their intention;on another level,irony refers to the total situation.Puns and wordplay 双关:有发音双关和词义双关。2.句子或单词的正式水平：degrees of formality:very informal informalneutral(中性)formal-very formal 单词：general(通俗)-specific（非凡）3.the Short Story 六要素 P29 Plot 情节：opening development-climax/crisis(高涨)anticlimaxcoda（结尾）The Sniper(阻击手)：小说故事发生地址：on a rooftop near OConnell Bridge P32 Setting 地址：refers to the physical location and the background information about the reason for telling the story and information we may need about the main character or characters P36 Characterization 人物描绘:appearance(概况)，dialogue(对话)，behavior(行为)P39 Point of View 角度，视角：P41-42 1)first person narrative 第一人称。代表作：The Paring knife 2)“I am a camera”third person narrative 摄影机式第三人称。代表作：The Sniper 3)third person narrative seen from only one of the characters point of view,代表作：Night 4)third person narrative seen from two or more different characters point of view,代表作：Rosary 5)third person omniscient(无所不知的)narrative,代表作：Yours 4.Time Structure 时刻结构 P44-45 1)the linear(顺叙)：the action proceeds as in real time,one event follows another 代表作：The Sniper,和 Room for one more 2)the flashback（倒叙），usually works by starting a story at a point in the recent past,then switching the action back to an earlier time,farther back in the past.At the end it will usually bring us back to the same time zone we started from.代表作：The Paring knife,和 Bluebells and Autumn Leaves 和 Words Long Unspoken 3)the moving point(移动点)：when the writer shifts abruptly back and forth between different time zones.代表作：Mother 5.Short Story短篇小说：5.1)Hills Like White Elephant 白象似的群山：P51 作者：Ernest Hemingway:American novelist and short story writer.Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1954)获得者.体裁气概：prose style-economical,direct and immediate.故事地址：a train station in Spain 故事内容：一对情侣在火车站等车时，两人在小店喝一种 licorice(苦艾酒)饮料，双方为了 abortion（堕胎）不兴奋履历。5.2)The Man Who Talked to Trees 和树扳谈的人：P54 作者：Alan Maley 他的作品还有：Words Long Unspoken 良久没有说的话 5.3）Eveline 伊芙林：P57 作者：James Joyce:Irish novelist,poet,one of the innovative writers of the 20th century.Master of stream of consciousness(意识流巨匠)代表作：Dubliners 都柏林人，Ulysses 尤利西斯，In Finnegans Wake 为芬尼根守灵 故事内容：It presents us with the dilemma(进退失据)of a young girl,Eveline,living as a domestic slave to her violent father and younger siblings(兄弟)，who has the chance to escape to a new life with her lover.5.4)Thief 小偷 作者：Robley Welson P59 5.5)Paper Pills 纸丸 P62 作者：Sherwood Anderson:writer between two wars 代表作：Winesburg,Ohio 俄亥俄州温斯堡 6.Novels 长篇小说：6.1)A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌：P66 作者：Charles Dickens 仆人翁：a old miser(守财奴)，Scrooge 5 3 6.2)Heart of Darkness漆黑的心：P68 作者：Joseph Conrad 故事内容：The adventurer,Marlow 在 Thames 河口向一群海员介绍去 Congo River 探险查找一位奇特人 Kurtz 6.3）Lord of the Flies苍蝇王：P72 作者：Golding:Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1983)获得者.故事内容：a group of schoolboys survive an air-crash（空难），后来割裂成两派，正方代表有 Ralph,Piggy,Simon,反方代表以 Jack 为首，最终正方失踪败。故事结尾呈现 cruiser(巡洋舰)，示意着人类好战破损的价值不美观 the warlike,destructive values of adult。Lord of the Flies is a dystopla(后背乌托邦)。Golding makes and intertextual reference（映射）to the 19th century novel for boysCoral Island(珊瑚岛)by R.M.Ballantine,which presents an optimistic,romanticized,idealistic story of some boys shipwrecked(船只出事)on a coral island.6.4)Jane Eyre简爱：P74 作者：Charlotte Bronte 仆人翁：Jane Eyre 和 Mr.Rochester 她小说主题 themes-passionate love,love for a married man,woman as an independent agent in a male-dominated world.Jane Eyre 曾经当过 governess（家庭老师）6.5）The Pearl珍宝：P77 作者：Steinbeck:Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1974)获得者 故事内容：Kino,a poor fisherman,由于获得一个硕年夜珍宝，最终家破人亡。6.6）The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde杰克年夜夫和海德师长老师的奇案：P81 故事内容：杰克白日是一名受人敬重的年夜夫，晚上服用一种药物，就酿成无恶不作的坏人海德师长老师，最终药物失踪控，工作败事，自杀。6.7）A Burnt-Out Case病毒发尽的病例：作者：Graham Greene P87 6.8)Wide Sargasso Sea茫茫沧海：作者：Jean Rhys P90 Wide Sargasso Sea takes the story of Jane Eyre and re-tells it from the point of view of the first Mrs.Rochester.茫茫沧海是从简爱中 Rochester第一任妻子角度改写的故事。6.9）The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长：作者：Thomas Hardy P93 Hardy sets most of his novels in“Wessex”a region of England 6.10)The Picture of Dorian Gray道林-格雷的肖像：作者：Oscar Wilde P94 6.11)The Old Man and the Sea白叟与海：作者：Ernest Hemingway P96 小说主题：It is a novel about the strength,endurance and cunning intelligence of one man pitted（招架）against the forces of nature.6.12）Great Expectations弘远前途：作者：Charles Dickens P98 小说仆人翁：Pip,a poor orphan(孤儿)，和 Magwitch,a convict（罪犯）7.Non-Fiction 演说，散文 7.1）The Gettysburg Address葛底斯堡演说：P104 演说者：Abraham Lincoln(林肯),演说时刻：Nov.19,1863 演说目的：to reinforce(增加)the principles of freedom for all for which the war is being fought.He urges his listeners to make sure that those who died in this great battle should not have died for nothing.演说开首：Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers.7.2)I Have a Dream 我有一个胡想：P109 演说者：Martin Luther King Jr(马丁.路德.金)演说时刻：Aug.28,1963 演说地址：at the Lincoln Memorial（林肯纪念堂）in Washing D.C.演说开首：Five score years ago,a great American,.7.3)Speech On the Granting of Indian Independence庆祝印度自力演说P112 演说者：Jawaharlal Nehru(尼赫鲁)演说时刻：August 14,1947 7.4 Of Studies论进修：作者；Francis Bacon（培根）P114 论进修中一些名句：Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Crafty men contemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing and exact man.Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like.8.Poetry 诗歌 P118 Types of Poetry 诗歌种类：5 4 8.1）Lyrical Peoms:抒情诗：to express strong emotional feelings 代表作：Rain雨 P119 8.2）Narrative Poems:叙事诗：to tell a story 代表作：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner一个老海员的故事P119 作者：Samuel Taylor Coleridge 8.3）Elegies:挽诗：to commemorate(悼念)someone who has died 代表作：Stop all the clocks,cut off the telephone钟停下来，电话线切断 作者：W.H.Auden P120 8.4）Confessional poetry:(自白诗)：to explore the poets inner world and feelings.代表作：The Dead Heart 一颗死心:作者：Anne Sexton 代表作家：Robert Lowell,Allen Ginsberg,Sylvia Plath,John Berryman,Anne Sexton.自白诗主题：revelations about sex,madness,hallucinations(幻想)，drugs,suicide,outrageous feelingsand partly by the raw,direct way.影响最年夜的两人：D.H.Lawrence 和 Walt Whitman(惠特曼)的代表作 Leaves of Grass 草叶集 8.5）Poetry of Observation:不雅察看诗：to describe in perceptive ways an object or person 代表作：Finding a Sheeps Skull找到一个山羊头骨 作者：Frances Horovitz P123 8.6）Protest Poetry:抗议诗：to criticize or protest against something or someone 代表作：Love Your Enemy爱你的仇敌 Relative Sadness相对哀痛 P124 8.7）Satirical Poetry:嘲讽/讽刺诗：to mock people or manners 代表作：How to Deal with the Press若何应对媒体 作者：Wendy Cope P124 8.8）Comic Poetry:喜剧诗：to amuse people and make them laugh.代表作家：Edward Lear 和 Ogden Nash 代表作：There was an old man of Calcuttla加尔格达有一位白叟 A word to husbands 对丈夫说的话 P125 8.9）The Ballad 平易近谣：P126 格律：a b c b 代表作：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner一个老海员的故事 The streets of Laredo Laredo 年夜街 8.10）The Sonnet 十四行诗 P127 Shakespearean 莎士比亚十四行诗格律：abab cdcd efef gg 8.11）Quatrain 四行诗 P127 Haiku 绯句：3 lines,三行分袂有 5，7，5 个 syllables（音节）8.12）Cinquain：五行诗 P128 代表作：Dancer,He is old,Parting.五行诗五行分袂有 2，4，6，8，2个 syllables（音节）8.13）The Limerick 五行打油诗:格律：aabba P130 8.14)Visual Poetry 视觉诗 P130 代表作：40-love（作者：George Herbert）和 The Wall 8.15)Free Verse 自由诗 P131 界说：It is not constrained by any of the usual formal discipline.It does not have to rhyme or obey rules of metre or line length.代表诗人：D.H.Lawrence 8.16)填补诗歌 The Charge of the Light Brigade P138 作者：Tennyson Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）Ballad of Reading Gaol 作者：Oscar Wilde P140 Wild Nights!Wild Nights!作者：Emily Dickinson P141 Words 作者：Anne Sexton P141 Be Glad Your Nose is on Your Face作者：Jack Prelutsky P142 The War Process作者：Benjamin Zephaniah P143 Interruption to a Journey作者：Norman MacCaig P143 The Owl 作者：Edward Thomas P144 Too Soon作者：Mary Yarnall P144 Coat作者：Vicki Feaver P145 Leisure作者：W.H.Davies P146 The Wall视觉诗 作者：Abdul Ghafar Ibrahim P146 9.Drama 戏剧 9.1)Comedy 喜剧 P149-152 5 5 代表作：The Importance of Being Earnest 狡猾的主要性 作者：Oscar Wilde 仆人翁：Lady Bracknell Jack Worthing 故事内容：It is about two young men getting engaged(订亲)to two young women.9.2)Tragedy 悲剧 代表作：Macbeth 麦克白 P152 作者：William Shakespeare 仆人翁：Macbeth,Lady Macbeth,莎士比亚四年夜悲剧：Hamlet,King lear,Macbeth,Othello.9.3)Theatre of the Absurd 荒唐剧 P154 代表作：The Dumb Waiter 升降机 作者：Harold Pinter诺贝尔文学奖(2005)获得者 仆人翁：Ben 和 Gus 故事内容：Two men are in the basement（地下室）of a house or restaurant.戏剧说话:The language is very spare and brief,but it seems to have hidden meanings.9.4)Theatre of Social Commentary 社会评论剧 P157 代表作：An Inspector Calls 巡官登门 作者：J.B.Priestley:a committed socialist（社会主义者）戏剧主题：to show how hypocritical(子虚)and uncaring(隔山观虎斗)of the property-owning classes(资产阶级)。9.5）Historical Drama 历史剧 P159 代表作:The Crucible 炼狱 作者：Arthur Miller 仆人翁：Abigail,John Proctor,Elizabeth 戏剧主题：The play is set in New England at the end of 17th century.It concerns a real historical incident,involving withcraft(魔法)and an attack of mass hysteria(歇斯底里)。9.6）填补戏剧 P164-173 In the Native State 作者：Tom Stoppard The Birthday Party作者：Harold Pinter The Merchant作者：Arnold Wesker 5 6
