备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略08阅读文体之说明文学生版11294.pdf

备横2023高考阅读文体之说明文 内容 板块一 题型解析 板块二 高考真题感悟 板块三 模考题练手 板块四 课后习题训练 一：题型解析 总体解题技巧概述：专题 1:事实类说明文 它是对事物；现象；概念的科普介绍 说明对象：熟悉的范围里不同寻常的内容；题目以细节题为主；重点考查说明方法 说明方法：下定义；讲特点；比较；分类；发展变化 正确选项与说明对象密切相关 没有明显转折；看段首段尾 有转折；递进；实际上；因果；看转折递进因果之后内容 专题 2:新事物类说明文 介绍新事物 既有优势也有劣势 作者态度一般是支持鼓励 新事物不能一下子完全取代旧事物；两者长期共存 新事物文章关键词标志：new；recent；up-to-date；in the future；novelty；invention；innovation；creative；traditional；conventional；old；old fashioned；专题 3:研究类说明文 它是陈述某次研究的过程与结论；并提供相对应的指导意见 我们应该关注文章开头；结尾；主题；态度 研究类说明文关键词：the study；research shows/suggest/foundo o。According to the study；research A new study has found.In a blog post from Sonys startup accelerator,Yoichi Ito,a project leader on Reon Pocket,said people have become increasingly focused on functionality and comfort in their clothing.In 2017,his team started thinking of ways they could blend technology with fashion to reach those goals.Reon Pocket was the result.Japanese buyers looking to battle the record heat this summer will have to wait,though.If the crowdfunding is successful,deliveries of the device are scheduled to begin in March 2020.8.What is necessary to make it possible for Reon Pocket to work?A.Wearers9 using the Peltier effect.B.A T-shirt and a special smartphone.C.A hot summer day and a special pocket.D.A special T-shirt and a smartphone app.9.What does the underlined word catch in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Benefit.B.Popularity.C.Disadvantage.D.Capture.10.Why does the author say that Reon Pocket is not suitable for all-day use?A.The device battery is not efficient enough.B.The T-shirt for the gadget is too expensive.C.Crowdfunding is not decided at the moment.D.The T-shirt is not available for both men and women.11.What can we learn from the last three paragraphs?A.Functionality and comfort in clothing are increasingly appealing.B.Reon Pocket will come into the market in March 2020 at all events.C.Sony is the first company to invent the temperature-regulating clothing.D.The comfort and sweat-wicking properties of athletic wear helps athletes to win.Passage F There is a widespread belief among sleep researchers that many people,especially young adults,regularly obtain skimpy sleep due to work,school,and social activities.The move toward remote work and school has provided a novel opportunity to test this belief.A new research compared self-reported data on sleep habits from 80 students enrolled in a 2020 summer session course with data collected from 450 students enrolled in the same course during previous summer semesters and suggests that students learning remotely went to bed an average of 30 minutes later than pre-pandemic（疫情前）students.They slept less efficiently,less at night and more during the day,but did not sleep more overall despite the time saved commuting（通勤），working or attending social events.Actually,they have no early classes and 44 percent fewer work days compared to students in previous semesters.One very consistent finding is a collective delay of sleep timing-people go to bed and wake up later.Not surprisingly,there is also a marked reduction in natural light exposure,especially early in the day.The lack of change in sleep time was a bit of a surprise,as it goes against the assumption that young adults would sleep more if they had the time.Self-described night owls（夜猫子）were more likely to report a greater positive effect on their sleep,getting to sleep in,instead of waking up early for that morning class,while morning types were more likely to report a negative response to sleeping later than usual.Sleep plays an important role in immune（免疫的）functioning and mental health,which is why good sleep habits are important.Students and anybody working from home should try to get outside and work out early in the day because the morning light helps strengthen their regular sleep-wake cycle-this should improve their sleep,and allow them to feel more rested and energized during the day.12.What does the underlined word“skimpy in paragraph 1 mean?A.Needful.B.Effective.C.Unnecessary.D.Insufficient.13.Hows the sleep of online learning students compared with pre-pandemic students?A.They sleep more overall.B.They sleep no more than others.C.They sleep less during the day.D.They sleep more at night.14.Whose sleeping habits is more appropriate to describe online learners9 life?A.Busy bees.B.Night owls.C.Lazybones.D.Early birds.15.What suggestions does the author give to people working from home?A.Rising early to do morning exercises.B.Developing irregular sleep-wake cycle.C.Learning more about immune functions.D.Getting rested and energized during the day.Passage G Now,an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services,partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles,food containers and boxes.One solution:Let robots do the job.Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month,AMP Robotics has seen a“significant”increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycled material,and weed out trash.Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are now saying,We need quite a bit more.The Colorado companys chief executive,Matanya Horowitz said,Its all moving quite fast.”Before the pandemic,automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of jobs,from call centers to warehouses and grocery stores,as companies looked to cut labor costs and improve profit.But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives,which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong,could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation.And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic.Some workers,who earn as little as$10 an hour,have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and some cities have been competing to find enough protective gear（I防护装备）for all of their employees.Federal health officials have assured them that the risks of transmission from household refuse is low.But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material,making social distancing difficult.At AMP Robotics,executives like Mr.Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees,who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.5.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.The pandemic becomes less strong.B.Robots are in greater demand now.C.Recycling services arent satisfying.D.Unemployment is sharply on the rise.How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?6.A.Panicked.B.Doubtful.C.Appreciative.D.Unconcerned.7.In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?A.Sorting out recycled material.B.Minimizing close human contact.C.Replacing the jobs of cheap labor.D.Producing enough protective gear.8.What is the text mainly about?A.Pandemic accelerates automation.B.Robots cause severe unemployment.C.Recycling industiy is changing.D.Social distancing is still important.关于说明文非连续性文本 阅读提示：(-)阅读文章的标题或副标题 文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意；说明文主旨 中心一般在段首。(二)寻找文章的主题句 分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通 过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅 读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句,有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求 学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全 文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。总之，为提高阅读理解能力，在阅读时应抓中心思想，作者意图及关键词语，运用联想，比较，归纳，推 测等方法，得出最佳结论，选择最佳答案，不能主观臆测，把自己的观点强加进去，与文章的观点混为 一谈。经过长时间有计划,有目的的系统训练，使学生加快阅读速度，提高阅读的正确性，使两者有机地 统一起来，以提高学生阅读英语和运用英语进行交际的能力，为继续学习和运用英语切实打好基础.阅读 是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进行大量的课内外阅读，掌握一定的阅读技巧，正确运用 阅读方法，才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。Section C 例题练习及讲解 二：高考真题感悟匚 例题 1：Goffins cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a“keyhole“in a geometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped“keys”to choose from.Inserting the correct key would let out the nut.1：Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters 例题 2：The Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（月巴月半）.It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease 2：Why was the sugar tax introduced?A.To collect money for schools.B.To improve the quality of drinks.C.To protect children s health.D.To encourage research in education.例题 3：Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as f and“v，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.3：Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi s research focus on?A.Its variety.B.Its distribution.C.Its quantity.D.Its development.例题 4：The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but theres a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life,and as they did,it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder,of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden,said:These findings are exciting because its possible that improving peoples cardiovascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.H 4：What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A.Positive effects of doing exercises.B Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C.Experimental studies on diseases.D.Advantages of sporty woman over man 例题 5：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional 什青感的）intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and people skills.Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.5：What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A.It can be measured by an IQ test.B.It helps to exercise a persons mind.C.It includes a set of emotional skills.D.It refers to a persons positive qualities.三：模考题练手 例题 1：Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought?Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat,but also boosts longevity（长寿）and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.In the latest of these findings,due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks,Thomas Yates,a professor at the University of Leicester,showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time.Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres（端粒）of chromosomes（染色体）in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK.As we grow older,our telomeres shorten,which results in accelerated cell ageing.“If we can keep them long for as long as possible,it acts as a buffer against ageing J says Yates.1：What did Thomas Yates study find about fast walking?A.It causes a damaging effect on the body.B.It slows down the process of cell ageing.C.It increases the number of chromosomes.D.It shortens middle-aged adults*telomeres.例题2：Other scientists,however,say many of the differences between the male and female personality can be explained by social conditioning,with a childs upbringing greatly influencing their character.Deborah Cameron,an Oxford University linguistics professor with a special interest in language and gender,said the amount we talk is influenced by who we are with and what we are doing.If you look through a large number of studies you will find there is little difference between the amount men and women talk,“she added.:2：What message does Cameron carry in the last paragraph?A.Further studies need to be carried out.C.Gender seldom affects one s talking style.D.The amount we talk shapes our character.E.Men talk as much as women on the whole.例题3：Generation Z athletes have emerged in 2021 as global well-being leaders and advocates,challenging outdated ideas about what it takes to be an athlete.Many of these young sportspeople have gone beyond their sport.Through social media,they have opened up conversations about performance,mental health and the impact of the media.Performing at the highest level can put huge amounts of pressure on young athletes.Simone Biles decided to put her mental health first at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics when she withdrew from an event.3：What can we know from Paragraph 1?A.Generation Z athletes have become global leaders.B.Some athletes don t know what it takes to be an athlete.C.Plenty of young athletes have lost their interest in sports.D.Many young athletes air their views via social media.例题4：Hazel Technologies,a Chicago-based startup that created a small drop-in packet to keep banans and other produce from turning prematurely brown,is starting to produce a lot of green.Having raised 70 million in a completed investment round,the 6-year-old company aims to launch their products in every major agricultural economy on Earth.Hazel works with more than 160 companies across 12 countries.Its product delivers an odorless vapor（无味 的气体）in sugar-packet sized inserts called sachets.When dropped in boxes,of produce,the sachet can as much as triple（三倍）shelflife.Moreover,Hazels newly-funded MCP technology oan increase the produces resistance to ethylene-a chemical promoting growth.4：What is HazePs technology intended fbr?A.Extending shelf life of food.B.Enhancing food flavor.C.Boosting food production.D.Quickening crop growth.例题5：Researchers in the United Kin