浙江省2022年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解(科普类)解析版5094.pdf

浙江省 2022 年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普类）一、阅读理解 阅读理解 Can anyone be an astronaut?Of course not.You dont have to have a science degree but most astronauts do.Most of them are pilots too.Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.You need to be easy-going,patient,and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.Whats the training like?People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe.They practise space walking and living in zero gravity（重力）.They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team.Everyday tasks like eating,washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship.There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues;its hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat.And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station.You also have to tie yourself to something so you dont fly away!What health problems do astronauts have?Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies.Bones and muscles（肌肉）become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.Astronauts often get backache because you grow in spaceup to 8 centimeters!Its also common to have headaches and to feel sick,especially at the beginning.You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables.But you dont have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin（皮肤）.Are you still interested?So now you know.If you want to go to space,study hard,learn to fly and take care of your body and mind.1What is a must for an astronaut?AA science degree.BA pilots license.CA healthy body and mind.DA weak character.2What must you do to prepare for a space trip?AExperience zero gravity.Bwash with running water.CPractise long walks.DSleep with your eyes open.3Why do astronauts have to exercise in space?ATo make their bones and muscles thinner.BTo help the heart work well and keep fit.CTo avoid backache and grow much taller.DTo stop their skins from getting sunburned.4What is the text mainly about?AWhat we need to know to become an astronaut.BWhy young people are interested in space trips.CWhat problems astronauts must solve in space.DWhy we need to train hard before a space trip.【答案】1C 2A 3B 4A【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了成为宇航员要经历的训练以及面临的健康问题。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先仔细阅读短文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，确定答案。1细节理解题。根据第一段 Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.宇宙飞船里的生活很艰难，所以你必须有一个健康的身心。可知，宇航员必须有健康的身心。故选 C。2细节理解题。根据第二段 They practise space walking and living in zero gravity.They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team.他们练习太空行走和零重力生活。他们在困难的条件下训练，学习如何解决问题和团队合作。可知，太空旅行需要做好体验零重力的准备。故选 A。3细节理解题。根据第三段 Bones and muscles become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.骨骼和肌肉变得又薄又弱，因此你必须在太空中进行大量运动，以保持健康并帮助心脏将血液输送到你的身体周围。可知，宇航员在太空中需要锻炼，从而帮助心脏正常工作并保持健康。故选 B。4主旨大意题。根据文中 Can anyone be an astronaut?任何人都可以成为宇航员吗？Whats the training like?训练是怎样的？What health problems do astronauts have？宇航员有哪些健康问题？结合全文内容，可知，本文主要讲述了要成为一名宇航员，我们需要知道什么。故选 A。阅读理解 There are many different ways to solve a problem.One way is to be creative.People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers,but this is not true.Dr.Edward de Bono,an expert in creative thinking and problem solving,has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities,and will continue to be so in the future.One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center.In the areas close to stores,people can only park for 20 minutes.There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas.However,the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes.Dr.Edward de Bonos solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on.Of course,drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries（蓄电池）die.According to Dr.de Bono,people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future.To help people think more creatively,he designed the Six Thinking Hat system（系统）.The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution.In the system,there are six imaginary hats of different colors.Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking.For example,the white hat helps people consider the facts.The black hat is the most logical（有逻辑的）and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work.So,next time you have a problem in your community,think about it creatively,from different perspectives,and see what ideas you have.5What is the topic of the text?ABeing a creative artist in the community.BDoing business successfully in the future.CAsking experts for some useful advice.DUsing creative thinking to solve problems.6Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo express a result.BTo describe a problem.CTo support the topic.DTo list some numbers.7What does the underlined word perspectives in Paragraph 3 mean?AWays.BPlaces.CPeople.DRules.8Which of the following is true about the Six Thinking Hats system?AThe system is used to help people think quickly.BThe white hat helps people think about the facts.CThe black hat has to do with peoples feelings.DSix hats of different shapes can be very helpful.【答案】5D 6C 7A 8B【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篱短文主要讲述了用创造性思维解决各种问题。【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文理解文章大意，然后再次阅读，找出与题目相对应的内容，选择符合题干的答案，完成后并检查。5主旨大意题。根据第一段 There are many different ways to solve a problem.One way is to be creative.People often think creativet hinking is just for artists and designers,but this is not true.Dr.Edward de Bono,an expert in creative thinking and problem solving,has shown the world that using creativity to solve pr oblems is very useful in business and in our commun ities and will continue to be so in the future.解决问题有很多不同的方法。一种方法是创造性。人们通常认为创造性思维只适用于艺术家和设计师，但事实并非如此。创造性思维和解决问题的专家 Edward de Bono 博士，已经向世界展示了用创造力解决问题在商业和我们的社区中非常有用，并且在未来将继续如此。可知，本文的主题是用创造性思维解决问题。故选 D。6推理判断题。根据第二段 One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center.创造性思维的一个例子是解决市中心的停车问题。可知，第二段中讲述的创造性思维的一个例子是解决市中心的停车问题，用来支持文章主题，即用创造性思维解决问题。故选 C。7词义猜测题。根据最后一段 So,next time you have a problem in your community,think about it creatively,from different perspectives,and see what ideas you have.所以，下次你在你的社区遇到问题时，创造性地思考它，从不同的角度看看你有什么想法。可知，perspectives 是“角度，方面”的意思，与 ways 意思相近。故选 A。8推理判断题。根据最后一段 For example,the white hat helps people consider the facts.例如，白帽子帮助人们思考事实。可知，白帽子帮助人们思考事实。表述正确。故选 B。阅读理解 Smartphones are getting boring.The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras,but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets.This is why scientists are hoping,and working for something new,something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do.At the moment,the next invention might be smart glasses.Just imagine.Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen,all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you,in your glasses.Satellite navigation（导航）directions would appear right there on the road.And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket！Smart glasses could also be used in industry.They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly.A doctor could carry out a difficult operation,guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.This may sound impossible.But most of the technologies to invent them are already there.For example,one key technology is called AR,which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world.Weve used it a lot on our video call.Similarly,huge progress has been made in spatial audio.This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place,like what you hear in an empty room.Some high-end earphones can already do that.Future glasses will of course need to recognize（识别）your voice to do tasks.This technology has been widely used in our daily life.So,why arent we all wearing smart glasses yet？So far,no one has invented a good way to send images（映像）of our world onto glasses.However,with the rapid development of technology,smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.9Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1?ATo start a story.BTo explain an idea.CTo introduce a topic.DTo discuss a problem.10What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about?AWhen smart glasses might be made.BWhere smart glasses could be used.CHow smart glasses would give directions.DWhy smart glasses should be changed.11Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses?AMaking spatial audio.BRecognizing voices.CCreating digital 3D objects.DSending images onto glasses.12How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses?ABored.BConfident.CSatisfied.DUncertain.【答案】9C 10B 11D 12B【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍智能眼镜的未来。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读文章，确定文章大意，然后分析问题，抓住问题关键词，最后在文章中寻找信息，选出正确答案。9细节理解题，通读第一段，根据材料 At the moment,the next invention might be smart glasses.目前，下一项发明可能是智能眼镜。可知第一段是为了介绍下文要引出的智能眼镜，故选 C。10推理判断题，根据材料第二段 Just imagine.Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen,想象一下。你不用拿起手机看屏幕，以及第三段 Smart glasses could also be used in industry.智能眼镜也可以用于工业。可知二三段主要介绍智能眼镜能应用于哪里，故选 B。11细节理解题，根据材料 So far,no one has invented a good way to send images（映像）of our world onto glasse.可知到目前为止，还没有人发明出一种将我们世界的图像发送到眼镜上的好方法。然而，故选 D。12推理判断题，根据材料 However,with the rapid development of technology,smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think，随着科技的快速发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更早到来。可知作者对智能眼镜的未来充满自信，故选 B。阅读理解 How do you look after your cat Introduction The first step to becoming a good cat owner is to choose the right kind of cat.It is how a cat behaves that is the most important,not what she looks like or how old she is.She is going to be your best friend.You will spend a lot of time playing together.But remember,you need to look after her every day.Not just to start with,but for all her life.Understanding your pet By watching your cat closely,you will learn her special way of talking.From the movement of her tail or ears,you will see if she is happy or sad.And you will soon understand what she is saying when she miaows.Caring for your pet You will only be your cats best friend if you care for her properly.You will need to make sure that she eats the right foods,always has water,and can get plenty of exercise every day.You will also have to bathe(给洗澡)her often and spend some time training her.13How long will you need to look after your cat?AFor some days after shes born.BFor the whole of her life.CUntil she has babies of her own.DUntil she is badly ill.14To understand your cat,you need to _.Awatch her very carefully Bbathe her often Ctalk to her every day Dfeed her proper food 15The last part of the passage describes _.Awhich food cats like best Bhow difficult it can be to train cats Cthe type of exercise cats enjoy most Dthe things cat owners need to do【答案】13B 14A 15D【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样照顾猫。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题 从文中仔细寻找答案。13细节题。根据 Not just to start with,but for all her life.可知要照顾猫的一生，故选 B。14细节题。根据 By watching your cat closely,you will learn her special way of talking.可知通过仔细观察你的猫，你会了解她说话的特殊方式，即理解猫，故选 A。15细节题。根据 You will need to make sure that she eats the right foods,always has water,and can get plenty of exercise every day.You will also have to bathe(给洗澡)her often and spend some time training her.你需要确保她吃对了食物，总是喝水，每天都能进行大量锻炼。你还必须经常给她洗澡，花些时间训练她，可知讲的是猫的主人需要做的事情，故选 D。阅读理解 Recently,many people think its risky to use credit(信用)card numbers online.However,from time to time,we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet.We think we are safe,but that may not be true!A new kind of attack(攻击)is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers.This new kind of attack is called phishing.Phishing sounds the same as the word fishing,and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information.Like real fishermen,phishers use bait(诱饵)in the form of great online deals or services.For example,phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing(透露)credit card numbers,account usernames,and passwords.They imitate(模仿)well-known banks,online sellers,and credit card companies.Successful phishers may make as many as 5%of the people believe and give away their personal information.Its really a big problem!Actually,tricking 5%of the online population is huge.Now more than 4.6 billion people have access(进入权)to the Internet,and 75%of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth.It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year.Even by tricking only 5%of the people,phishers can make a lot of money.Amy,18,from California,received an email.A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him.Amy did as the man said at once.The thief used Amys Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.How can people avoid being cheated online?Above all,they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher.Always be careful with any email with urgent(紧急的)requests for personal information.Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting,but false,statements in their emails so that people will reply right away.Never give out personal information to phishers.And if an offer sounds too good to be true,it is.16Phishing is compared to _ according to the passage.Amaking money Bplaying games Ccatching fish Dwriting emails 17Which writing skill is used in Para.3?AGiving examples.BListing numbers.CRaising questions.DUsing sayings.18Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word transfer in Para.4?transferv.(transferred,transferring)to move from one place,school,job etc to another to connect the call of someone to someone elses to move money from one account to another to change from one bus,plane etc to another A B C D 19Besides introducing what phishing is,the writer also tells us how to _.Ahelp to catch phishers Breply to urgent emails Cpay by credit card Dprotect ourselves online【答案】16C 17B 18C 19D【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】主要讲了网络诈骗及避免网络诈骗的方式。【点评】考查阅读理解，在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。16细节题。根据 Phishing sounds the same as the word fishing可知网络钓鱼听起来和“钓鱼”这个词一样，即网络钓鱼被比作钓鱼，故选 C。17细节题。A.举例子；B.列数字；C.提问题；D.使用谚语。根据 Its really a big problem!Actually,tricking 5%of the online population is huge.Now more than 4.6 billion people have access(进入权)to the Internet,and 75%of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth.It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year.Even by tricking only 5%of the people,phishers can make a lot of money.可知第三段数字多，写作技巧是列数字，故选 B。18细节题。从一个地方、学校、工作等搬到另一个地方；将某人的电话连接到其他人的电话；将资金从一个帐户转移到