高考英语强调句讲解及练习41025.pdf

第 1 页 共 6 页 专题突破 Unit 1 强调句型 典例展示 1.It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are.（2000 全国卷）A.one B.that C.what D.it 2.David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.（2006 上海春季）A.that B.what C.why D.how 3.It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.（2003 上海卷）A.who B.that C.how D.what 4.Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?（2004 上海卷）A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that 5.It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.（2004 福建卷)A because B which C since D that 6.An awful accident _,however,occur the other day.(2000 上海卷)A.does B.did C.has to D.had to 7.It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006 全国 II 卷）A.when B.that C.where D.before 8.It was_ black home after the experiment.(2004 湖北卷)A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didnt go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didnt go 9._that he managed to get the information?Oh,a friend of his helped him.（2005 山东卷）A.Where was it B.What was it C.How was it D.Why was it 10.1)It was 20 years ago _ the two friends met in Viet Nam.2)It will be 20 years _ they meet in Viet Nam.3)It is 20 years _ he came to live here.4)It was 20 years _ he spent in writing this novel.5)It was not long _ the people in Austria took up guns.6)It was midnight _ he came back home.A.when B.before C.since D.that 探究策略 强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等)+that/who+句子的其余部分。一、连接词。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词 that 或 who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用 whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词 that。It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.It is Mary whom/who he often helps.It was in the street that I met him yesterday.二、时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用 It is.that.。如果第 2 页 共 6 页 原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用 It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.(强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)有时，be 前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。三、强调含有 not until 的句子。在强调 not until 句型时，not 位于 until 从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即 it is(was)+not until 从句+that+其它。It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my brother came home.四、强调句的疑问句。强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。例如：Was it you that/who broke the window?Was it in the war that he lost his son?强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+is/was+it+that.”。它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。例如：1.Where were you born?Where was it that you were born?2.What did you want to see?What was it that you wanted to see?3.How many people are being trained for the special work?How many people is it that are being trained for the special work?。五、强调句型中的主谓一致。被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who 之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：It is you who/that are wrong.It is I who/that am answering the question.但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时 that/who 的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式 is 或 was。例如：It is me who is being asked the favor.另在 It is/was.,not.that.句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。例如：It is my brother,not I that studies in that school.It is you,not your sister that are in charge of the company.六、感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：1.How happy he looks!How happy it is that he looks!2.What a clever boy he is!What a clever boy it is that he is!七、强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析 强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆，判断的方法是：强调句型中去掉It is/wasthat剩下的部分在语法和意义上仍然是一个完整的句子。如：It was yesterday that I met him.去掉句中的 It was that 该句为：Yesterday I met him.句意和语法都非常正确，说明这是一个强调句。而其他句型则不行。第 3 页 共 6 页 分析诊断 1.B。首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语 the ability to do the job，所以选用 that。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用 It was.that.。如：2.A。这个句子稍微复杂点。Said that 后面的是宾语从句。然后在这个从句里，有一个 it isthat 的强调句。整个宾语从句意思说：正是因为他对文学有浓厚的兴趣，他才选择了这个课程。3.B。本题强调主语 these poisonous products.4.A。本句中强调句型对特殊疑问词 what 进行强调，去掉强调句型后句子为 What do you want me to say?我们可以看到被强调的 what 是 say 的宾语。5.D。对状语 with this joy 进行强调。6.B。本题考查助动词 do 对动词的强调。从 the other day(那天)判断整个句子应用过去时态，A、C 两项时态错误，D 项不合题意，故选 B，did 可译为“的确，真地”。7.B。句意：直到他到家的时候，Jennifer 才意识到钥匙丢了。until 结构时用于强调句式时，要将否定词 not 移到 until 前。8.C。本题是对强调句型与 notuntil 从句的结合考查，把 not 移至被强调的部分之后，要注意把句子中的动词用过去式。9.C。根据下文的答语 a friend of his helped him 可知上文是强调方式状语。10.1)D 2)B 3)C 4)D 5)B 6)A 先分析结构，再分析意思。谨慎试词，防止混淆。1.句强调时间状语，故用 that；2.是 Itbefore句型，时间状语从句，只用 before；3.It is a period of time since-clause 是固定结构，只用 since；4.是强调句型，因 spend 一词为及物动词，故需要宾语 that。此例也可能是定语从句，若为定语从句则 which 亦可。但强调句和定语从句的意义是不同的。5 是 Itbefore句型，时间状语从句，只用 before.6 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。专题突破 Unit 2 宾语从句 典例展示 1.As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when _ and see him.（2005 北京卷）A.you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come 2.Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.（2006 北京）A.arent;are B.arent;were C.werent;are D.werent;were 3.(湖南 2004)I think Father would 1ike to know_ Ive been up to so far，so I decided to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 4.Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.（2006 全国卷 I）A.where B.when C.how D.what 5.What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do _ I think I should.（2006 全国卷 II）A.when B.that C.how D.what 6.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006 江苏卷）A.if B.where C.whether D.that 7.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough(2005 山东卷)第 4 页 共 6 页 A.where B.how C.what D.which 8.Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game.（2005 全国卷 I）A.why B.what C.who D.that 9.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased_ he was a man of action.（2006 湖南卷）A.which B.that C.what D.whether 10.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004 全国卷）A.this B.that C.it D.one 11.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _in my new job.(2000 全国卷)A.expected B.to expected C.to be expecting D.expects 解析：B。12.How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.（2004 福建卷）13.I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,_?(2001 上海卷)A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they 探究策略 宾语从句是高考的一个热点，也是一个难点，近几年虽说出现的次数不多，但是不能掉以轻心。一、宾语从句可分为三类：1.由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句。由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。2.用 who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3.用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。例如：I doubt whether our team can win the match.我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。二、宾语从句考点 1.考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?()Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?()The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考:what 在从句中的成分)陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。例如：She said,“I will leave a message on the desk.”She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语第 5 页 共 6 页 序。Eg.“Where are the tickets?”I asked him.I asked him where the tickets are.2.考查时态。宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）I thought(that)you are free today.()I thought(that)you would be free today.()【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.3.考查连接词的选用 1）连词 that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He knew(that)he should work hard.2）连词 if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用 if。Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和 whether 可以互换，但以下 3 种情况只能用 whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词前：It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.与 or not 连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.3）连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which，连接副词 when,where,why,how 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.4.考查作介词宾语从句。宾语从句除了在及物动词后，也可以用在介词后。They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.You can write about whatever topic you can think of.5.考查形容词后的宾语从句。某些像 glad,happy,sorry,sure,delighted,pleased 等形容词后面跟宾语从句。Are you sure what you will do next?Im afraid that he will fail in the exam.7.考查不可以直接跟宾语从句的及物动词 英语中 like,love,hate,dislike,depend on,see to 等动词或短语后面不允许直接带宾语从句，通常在这些动词后面加 it,然后带相应的句子。如：I dont like it when people talk with their mouths full.8.考查宾语从句的简化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。I dont know how I should do with the presents.I dont know how to do with the presents.9.考查宾语从句中虚拟语气。在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”，should 也可以省略。She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.10.考查宾语从句的否定转移。当主句谓语动词为 think,suppose,guess,believe,imagine,第 6 页 共 6 页 expect,consider 等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，时态是一般现在时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。能够形成否定转移的句子，其反意疑问句的简短问句谓语和主语形式与从句一致。I dont think I know you.I don t believe he will come.分析诊断 1.A。首先确定 when 所引导的是宾语从句而不是状语从句，表示将来的意义，要用将来时态，而且用陈述语序。2.C。在 think 引导的宾语从句里，where 引导表语从句，表语从句里有明显的时间状语 today,所以用现在时态。本句的含义为“科学家认为大陆（以前）不在它们今天所处的位置。”3.C。know 后宾语从句谓语动词部分的 be up to 的意思是“从事”、“忙于”，少宾语，故选 C，what 引导的宾语从句作动词宾语。4.B。从题干结构分析可以看出 me 后的部分是一个直接宾语从句，he said 可以看成插入语，因此应选一个词来和 he was going 搭配；根据后句可知是时间，所以选 B。5 D。考查连接词的选用。do 后是一个宾语从句，I think 是插入语，should 后省略了 do，do又缺少宾语，所以用 what 引导。6.C。考查名词行从句连接词的使用。前面有 question of，介词后不能用 if 引导从句，也不用 that，where 虽然可以用于介词后，但意义不符合语境。7.C。四个选项中只有 what 和 which 可以在从句中充当主语，而 which 在名词从句中意为“哪一个”，因此在本题中意思不对，故选择 C。8.A。通过对本句句型结构的分析可以判断出介词 on 后面带宾语从句，在宾语从句中 why充当状语。比较：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.在 10 年前是一片荒土的地方建起了一个现代化城市。通过对本句句型结构的分析可以判断出介词 in 后面带宾语从句，在宾语从句中 what 充当主语。9.B。pleased 之后可看作一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，故选 that，无词义，不作成分。10.C。it 指代 when 从句所表达的内容，其本身无实义。11.B。此题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构 12.D。有空的一句应该是在提出建议，如果将问句改为陈述式结构来看就应该为 You suggest we go to Beijing for our holidays by，从句中应为虚拟语气结构“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。答案选 D。13.C。主句中含有 suppose，且为否定，因此反意问句的译文部分和主句一致，所以用将来时态，虽然否定前移，但还要按否定，所以后面用肯定。