2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解8:L字部44754.pdf
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2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解8:L字部44754.pdf
12020 年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题八L 字部1.labourn.劳动,劳动力美式拼写:labor关联词组:labour force 劳动力;cheaplabour 廉价劳工;labour cost人工成本;LabourDay 劳动节用法:labour 通常视为不可数名词,可指“劳动,(尤指)体力劳动”;也可以指工人的统称,即“劳工,劳动力”。例如:The price will include thelabour andmaterials.此价格中包含人工费和材料费。ashortage oflabour 劳动力的短缺关联单词:labourer=laborer n.劳动者,工人;(尤指)体力劳动者(2019,吉林卷,阅读B)65.How do peopleoften celebrate Labor Day inAmericanowadays?A.By workingall day.B.By givinggifts toworkingpeople.C.By havingfunwithfriends orfamily.D.By havingabigceremony.2.landn.陆地,土地;v.落地,着陆,登陆关联词组:landuse土里利用;landdevelopment土地开发;landarea陆地区域熟词僻义:land还可作动词,表示“(飞机/鸟/昆虫)降落,落地”、“(船)着陆,登陆”:The planelandedsafely.飞机安全着陆了。The troops landedatdawn.部队已在黎明登陆。关联单词:island n.岛,小岛;farmland n.农田(2019,安徽卷,阅读C)Shefounda pieceoflandforsaleand boughtitwith$5,000shesavedfrom yearsofbabysitting(当临时保姆).3.largeadj.大的,巨大的用法:large 指“(尺寸)大的,大量的”,常用短语有alarge number of大量的(修饰可数名词);alargeamount of大量的(修饰不可数名词);large 还可表示“大型号的”:small/medium/large小/中/大同义词:big adj.大的反义词:small adj.小的(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)The antennaofFAST inGuizhou,China,thelatest and largest radio telescope intheworld,is500 metresindiameter,aslarge asthesize of30 football fields.24.lastadj.最后的;最近刚过去的;v.持续关联词组:atlast 最后,终于;last year/month/week/night/summer去年/上个月/上周/昨晚/去年夏天;thelastminute/moment最后一刻,紧急关头熟词僻义:last 还可以作动词,表示“持续”,不用于进行时,后面也不一定要接时间状语。例如:The meetingonlylasted afew minutes.会议只开了几分钟。Thisweatherwontlast.这种天气持续不了多久。词性转换:lastingadj.持久的,永恒的;lastlyadv.最后,终于(2019,江苏卷,阅读B)Eggs last alongtime.You cankeepthem foraboutfourweeks inyourfridge.5.laughv.笑,发笑关联词组:laughat嘲笑;laughter itoff一笑而过;laughoutloud大声笑用法:laugh一般作动词,后面不直接跟宾语,通常接介词at/about;laugh本身也可作名词,表示指笑的动作:He gaveashort laugh.他笑了一声。词性转换:laughter n.笑;笑声;laughable adj.可笑的,高兴的;laughably adv.可笑地(2019,浙江卷,完形)To hisamazement,there was more _15_andmore money throwing.15.A.troubleB.angerC.silenceD.laughter6.lawn.法律;法令;定律关联词组:lawschool法学院;labor law劳动法;internationallaw国际法;company law公司法用法:1law表示“法律(体系)”,是不可数名词,常和the连用,常见搭配有by law根据法律;breakthelaw违法;触犯法律;beagainst thelaw违法2law表示具体的“法规,法令”等,是可数名词:passalaw通过一项法令;strict gun laws严格的枪支法3law表示“规律,法则,定律”等,是可数名词:thelawsofnature 自然规律词性转换:lawful adj.合法的,法定的;lawfully adv.合法地,守法地;lawyer n.律师(2019,山东卷,动词应用)The police saidthat bothLiuandRan hadbrokencriminal lawby seriously endangering(危及)public safety.7.layv.放,搁;下蛋词形变化:过去式laid,过去分词laid关联词组:laydown 放下;制定;layout摆放;安排;layoff解雇用法:lay的基本意义是“安放,放置”,是及物动词,宾语后面通常跟副词或介词短语:He laid hishandon my shoulder.他把一只手搭在我的肩上。熟词僻义:lay还可表示“下(蛋);产(卵)”:The cuckoolaysits eggsinother birds nests.杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。3同义词:put v.放(2019,湖北卷,阅读B)WhileIwas eating,hewould layoutmy clothes,makemy bed,andgather my schoolbooksup.8.leadv.领导,带领词形变化:过去式led,过去分词led1lead基本意义为“带路,引领”,常见于短语leadtheway 中,lead后常接副词或介词短语:The managerledtheway throughtheoffice.经理带路穿过办公室。2lead第二层含义表示“领导,率领”:Some peoplesaysheistoooldtoleadthecountry.有人说,她年纪太大,领导不了国家。3leadtosth.是固定短语,表示“导致,造成(后果)”,相当于cause:Eatingtoomuch sugarcanleadtohealth problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。词性转换:leading adj.领导的,主要的;leader n.领导者,首领;leadershipn.领导能力;领导阶层(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)19.The writer saysthat buyingthings _.A.canmake peopleworriedB.canmake peoplenervousC.may leadtosadness forlongD.may leadtohappiness forashort time9.leavev.离开;把留下;剩下词形变化:过去式left,过去分词left关联词组:leavesb./sth.alone不打扰,让独自呆着1leave表示“出发,离开”,leaveat+时间点;leavefor+地点(出发去某地)2leave表示“把留在某处”,后接副词或介词短语:Did anybodyleaveajacket behindlast night?昨天晚上有哪位忘记拿夹克衫了吗?3通常用过去分词left 形式表示“剩下,剩余”:We donthavemuch timeleft.我们没有多少时间了。易混单词:left adj.左边的;n.左,左边(2019,浙江卷,完形)Iwishshewould leaveusalone.We wereinthesame summer schoolandnow shethinkswerebestfriends.10.lendv.借(出),把借给词形变化:过去式lent,过去分词lent关联词组:lend(sb.)ahand(给某人)搭把手lendahelping hand伸出援助之手,助一臂之力用法:lendsb.sth.=lend sth.tosb.把某物借给某人:Ilent my CD player toDave.=Ilent Dave my CD player.我把CD 播放机借给了戴夫。反义词:borrowv.借(来),借用(2019,湖北卷,完形)When he was inthehospital,Pinedabegan47music,and wonderedifhe mightbe abletorecordhisown4album(音乐专辑)47.A.writingB.lendingC.sellingD.praising11.letv.让词形变化:过去式let,过去分词let关联词组:let alone不用说,更不用提;let it go 任它去;let go of松手放开,释放;let sb.down 让某人失望1let 用作使役动词,表示“让”,后接不带to的动词不定式:Letme haveatry.让我试一试。2当上述不带to的动词后面与副词连用,且意思明确,往往可省略动词,只保留副词。如:let him(come)in.让他进来。3常用lets do 的结构来表达建议;如果是反义疑问句,通常加上shall we 结尾。如:Lets go swimming together,shall we?我们一起去游泳好吗?4let 通常不用被动语态形式,可用beallowed代替。如:They let me leave.或 They allowedme toleave.或 Iwas allowedtoleave.我获准离开。(2019,浙江卷,语法填空)What we canlearn _60_theoldman isthis:ifyouvelost alot oversomethingthat doesnt work,let itgo andmove on.12.liev.躺,平卧;说谎;n.谎言1表示“躺,平卧”,为不规则动词。词形变化:过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying作不及物动词,不接宾语,常接副词或介词短语作状语。如:He was lying on thebedsmokingacigarette.他正躺在床上抽烟。易混单词:lie 的过去式形式lay本身可作动词,表示“放,搁”,是及物动词,要接宾语。试比较:Ilayon thebedandtried torelax.我躺在床上,想放松一下。(lie 的过去式)She laysthebabyon thebed.她把宝宝放到床上。(lay的三单形式)熟词僻义:常用lie in结构表示“位于;存在(于):The town lies inasmallvalley.该城镇坐落于一个山谷中。The problemlies inhow you seeit.问题在于你如何看待它。2表示“说谎”,为规则动词。词形变化:过去式lied,过分分词lied,现在分词lying作不及物动词,不直接接宾语,常用搭配有lie aboutsth.隐瞒;lie tosb.对撒谎;lie 本身也可作名词,表示“谎言,假话”:tell alie 说谎词性转换:liar n.说谎的人,骗子(2019,北京卷,阅读B)We know whatknowledgelies inother brains orbooks,andwhatlies inourheads.13.lightn.光,光亮;灯;adj.明亮的;轻的;浅色的;v.点火,点燃名词用法:1表示“光,光亮,光线”,为不可数名词:bright light 明亮的光线;abeam oflight 一束光线2表示“灯,光源”,为可数名词:turnon/off thelight 开/关灯;trafficlights 交通灯5形容词用法:2可表示“明亮的”、“(颜色)浅色的,淡色的”,反义词均为dark:Itgetslight atabout5 oclock.大约5 点钟天就亮了。light blueeyes浅蓝色的眼睛2还可表示“(重量)轻的”,反义词为heavy:Carrythis bag its thelightest.你拿这个包它最轻。动词用法:词形变化:过去式lit,过去分词lit可表示“照亮,使明亮”或“点燃,点火”,常与介词up 连用:Therewas anexplosion andthewholeskylit up.一声爆炸照亮了整个天空。(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)7.Wouldyou please _thelight?Icant sleep wellwithitonA.turnonB.turnoffC.turntoD.turnaround14.longadj.长的;久远的;adv.长期地,长久地;很久地关联词组:no longer(more)=not anylonger(more)不再;aslongas只要;和一样长作形容词时,可表示长度、距离和时间很长,可用How long提问长度:How longistheRiverNile?尼罗河有多长?作副词时,常见搭配有before long很快,不久;longago很久以前;all day/night long整日/夜;以及用Howlong的问句提问持续多久:How longhaveyou beenwaiting?你等了多久了?词性转换:length n.长度;时间的长短反义词:short adj.(距离,长度或时间)短的(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)2.-Please staywithme this weekend.-Imsorry,butmy father andIplanned_Beijing alongtimeago.A.visit B.visiting C.tovisitD.visited15.losev.丢失,失去;输(掉)词形变化:过去式lost,过去分词lost关联词组:loseoneself 迷路;沉迷;loseface丢脸;losecontrol 失控;losetouchwith与失去联系;loseweight减肥;loseinterestin对失去兴趣1lose表示“弄丢;失去;丧失”:Ivelost my keys.我把钥匙丢了。Heslost hisjob.他失业了。2lose表示“输掉(比赛,诉讼,辩论等)”,后面可接by,表示输了多少分等:we lost thegame by 10 scores.我们以10 分之差输掉比赛。词性转换:loser n.失败者;loss n.损失;lost adj.迷惑的;失去的:getlost 迷路了反义词:winv.赢,胜利;赢得(2019,山东卷,词形转换)63.Our teamlost thegame becausewe playedvery_(bad).16.loud6adj.大声的;adv.大声地关联词组:loudspeaker 扬声器,扩音器;laughoutloud大声笑作副词的loud与 loudly,aloud的区别:1loud=loudly,但loud一般只与动词speak,talk,laugh,sing等连用,且须放在它们之后;用于比较级时,通常用loud,不用loudly。如:Can you speakalittlelouder?你能不能说的大声点?2aloud强调“出声”,而非在心里默默地“说”,通常与动词read,speak,think 连用。如:He begantoreadtheletter aloud?他开始大声念起信来。3aloud还可表示“大声地(而不是轻声地)”,通常与动词cry,laugh,shout,call 等连用。如:The painmade him cryaloud.他疼得大叫起来。反义词:quietly adv.安静地,轻声地(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)9.Couldyou speakinaloudvoicesothat Icanhearyou _?A.quicklyB.happilyC.slowlyD.clearly17.lovev&n.爱,热爱,很喜欢关联词组:fall inlovewith爱上;beinlove(with)(与)恋爱中;相爱;true love真爱名词用法:1love指家人或好友之间的“爱,关爱”,或特指情侣之间的“恋爱,爱情”时,为不可数名词,通常在后面接介词for,表示“对的爱”:amothers loveforherchild 母亲对孩子的爱2love指具体的所爱之人或物时,为可数名词:He was herfirst love.他是她的初恋情人。动词用法:1lovedoingsth.表示一种爱好,习惯性的、经常性的;lovetodo sth.表示具体的、一时性的。如:Iloveshopping.强调我的爱好。Id lovetogo shopping.表示我现在愿意去。2常用Idloveto(dosth.)表示很想做某事:Would you like tocome swimming withus?-Id loveto.你想和我们一起去游泳吗?-我很愿意。词性转换:lovely adj.可爱的;令人愉快的;lover n.爱人;爱好者近义词:like v.喜欢反义词:hate v.讨厌,憎恨(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)6.Love yourparents _theyarealive.Dontwaituntil it istoolate.A.whileB.thoughC.becauseD.unless18.lowadj.&adv.低;矮关联词组:low cost低成本;low temperature 低温;low price 低价;low speed低速用法:1low 作形容词,表示“(数量、价值或数字、温度等)低的,少的”,或者“(高度)矮的,低的”;2low 本身可作副词,如:She pulled herhatlow down overhereyes.她把帽子拉低,盖住了眼睛。反义词:high adj.高的7(2019 年,浙江卷,阅读D)39.What made thefourfriendsplansucceed?A.Thattheydidnt wanttobeartistsanylonger.B.ThatMilletspictures weresoldatveryhighprices.C.Peoples attitudetowardstheartistswho werestarving.D.Peoples desire toown precious art worksatlowprices.19.luckn.运气,好运关联词组:good/badluck好运/运气不好;tryonesluck碰运气用法:常跟luck搭配的形容词有good/bad,动词有have/bring;口语中常用表达有wishsb.(good)luck或 goodluck(tosb.)祝某人好运。词性转换:lucky adj.幸运的,好运的;luckily adj.幸运地;unlucky adj.不幸的,倒霉的;unluckily adv.不幸地,倒霉地(2019 年,浙江卷,阅读A)Unluckily,these body clocks do notalwayswork according toschooltimetables.