中考英语之词形变换类题型的几个考点311.pdf
词形变换类题型的几个考点 一、可数名词单数变复数类：1规则变化:（1）一般情况加-s,如:girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days 等。（2）以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾加-es,如:buses,boxes,watches,brushes 等。（3）以 o 结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。（4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加-es,如:city cities,storystories （5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leafleaves,knifeknives,shelfshelves 等。（roofroofs）2不规则变化的名词要熟记：manmen,womanwomen,childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,peoplepeople,sheepsheep,ChineseChinese deerdeer JapaneseJapanese 二、名词变形容词类：1在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如：carecareful;useuseful;thankthankful;helphelpful;beautybeautiful;wonderwonderful forgetforgetful 2在名词后加-y,如：lucklucky,cloudcloudy;windwindy;rainrainy;sunsunny,snowsnowy noise-noisy healthhealthy 3在名词后加-y,如：friendfriendly lovelovely daydaily 4方位名词加-ern，如：easteastern westwestern southsouthern northnorthern northeastnortheastern 6在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。如：useuseless hopehopeless carecareless 三、形容词加后缀变成名词 1形容词加-ness 变成名词，如：happyhappiness illillness weakweakness kindkindness goodgoodness carelesscarelessness 2形容词加-ty 变成名词，如：safesafety difficultdifficulty 3形容词加-th 变成名词，如：truetruth warmwarmth youngyouth 4形容词加-ence/ance 变成名词，如：importantimportance dependentdependence differentdifference 四、形容词变副词类：形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。1一般形容词词尾加-ly 变成副词，如：slowslowly clearclearly quickquickly quietquietly carefulcarefully suddensuddenly realreally 2以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变 y 为 i 加-ly，如：easyeasily happyhappily heavyheavily luckyluckily busybusily angryangrily;3以元音字母加辅音字母e 结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：politepolitely safesafely widewidely 4以元音字母e 结尾，去 e 加-ly，如：truetruly 5以辅音字母加-le 结尾，去 e 加-y，如：terribleterribly possiblepossibly 6形容词与副词同形，如：fastfast earlyearly highhigh hardhard 7形容词与副词异形，如：goodwell 8注意：hard 作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly 是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。五、动词变名词类：1动词加-er 变成名词，如：workworker farmfarmer teachteacher singsinger speakspeaker playplayer readreader drivedriver writewriter riderider dancedancer runrunner;winwinner cookcooker washwasher traveltraveler 2动词加-or 变成名词，如：visitvisitor inventinventor operateoperator conductconductor 3动词加-tion 变成名词，如：operateoperation inventinvention liberateliberation 六、基数词变序数词类：主要掌握好 1-12 和 20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 及 21、22、23 这几个序数词的形式：onefirst twentytwentieth twosecond thirtythirtieth threethird forthfortieth fourfourth fiftyfiftieth sixsixth sixtysixtieth sevenseventh eightyeightieth eighteighth ninetyninetieth nineninth twenty-onetwenty-first tententh twenty-twotwenty-second eleveneleventh twenty-threetwenty-third twelvetwelfth 七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类 1形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：一般词尾加 er,est；如：fast faster fastest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加-er,-est；如：easy easier easiest 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est；如：hot hotter hottest 以 e 结尾加-r，-st；如：finefiner,nicenicer（2）部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more,most 变成比较级和最高级。如：interestingmore interesting，most interesting beautifulmore beautiful，most beautiful slowlymore slowly，most slowly quicklymore quickly，most quickly（3）不规则变化：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest manymoremost muchmoremost littlelessleast farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest.illworseworst bad/badlyworseworst oldolder/olderoldest/eldest 2原级：as形容词或副词的原形as “和一样”，not as/so形容词或副词的原形as “和不一样”。八、人称代词变化类：要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：数 类别 人 称 单 数 复 数 形容词性物主代词 名词性 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词性 物主代词 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 数 格 人称 单 数 复 数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he she it him her It they they 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its 九、常见的反义词：1动词 buy sell take bring remember forget die live love hate rise fall ask answer start finish miss catch pull push go come lend borrow 2形容词 little much short tall/long right left/wrong free busy full empty few many good bad white black careful careless dead living cheap expensive clean dirty easy difficult wet dry same different open closed strong weak light heavy 习题精选 1.The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying .(noise)2.He was one of the best in yesterdays football match.(play)3.Guangzhou is in the part of China.(south)4.September 10th is Day.(teacher)5.Beijingers are true to the world.(friend)6.Look!How Kate is laughing!(happy)7.Its only ten walk from the station to the hotel.(minute)8.Please take care of ,boys and girls.(you)9.I dont think this is my pen,though it looks like .(I)10.Mrs Read learned Chinese as her language.(two)11.Do you think July is than any other month in our country(hot)12.Of all the students in our class,Lucy talks but does most.(little)13.Here are ten of the names.(run)14.It snowed last night and now the streets are covered with snow.(heavy)15.You shouldnt ride your bike so fast at the .(turn)16.Help to these cakes,children.(you)17.Please keep your eyes .(close)18.John is the student in our class.(old)19.Mike will have his birthday party at home tomorrow.(twelve)20.How many are there in your class(girl)21.This sweater is Lucys and that one over there is .(my)22.Now people use computers very .(wide)23.What would you like,some or vegetables(meat)24.the help of our teacher,we couldnt pass the exam.(with)25.We can not decide who should open the present .(one)26.We always go to the library a week.(one)27.The house next to the street are very .(noise)28.More and more have come to visit China these years.(foreign)29.In a few time,those mountains will be covered with trees.(year)30.Everyone knows that if Dick works ,he will do much better.(hard)31.Those flowers are beautiful.(real)32.Uncle Wang is one of the most popular in this factory.(work)33.She worked so that nobody knew she was there.(quiet)34.Meimei is one of the best _ in her class.(student)35.We can find many _in the picture.（sheep）36.He sat down and warmed his _ at the fire.（foot）37._ fall in autumn.（leaf）38.Our building is eighty _ high.（foot）39.Do you usually come to school on _（foot）40.March 8 is _ Day.（woman）41.The sick woman is getting .(ill)42.Are you in sports(interest)43.Teachers should speak to their students in a way.(friend)44.You can do the work by yourself,can you(hard)45.Today is a day.(cloud)46.We are very to the teacher for his help.(thank)47.The house caught a fire.The wounded man was carried to .(safe)48.The boy was not born in .(German)49.Edison was a great .During his life he had many .(invent)50.I was ill yesterday.(bad)答案：1.noisily 2.players 3.southern 4.Teachers 5.friends 6.happily 7.minutes 8.yourselves 9.mine 10.second 11.hotter 12.least 13.runners 14.heavily 15.turning 16.yourselves 17.closed 18.oldest 19.twelfth 20.girls 21.mine 22.widely 23.meat 24.Without 25.first 26.once 27.noisy 28.foreigners 29.years 30.harder 31.really 32.workers 33.quietly 34.students 35.sheep 36.feet 37.Leaves 38.feet 39.foot 40.Womens 41.worse 42.interested 43.friendly 44.hardly 45.cloudy 46.thankful 47.safety 48.German,Germany 49.inventor,invention 50.badly
