定语从句完整精选PPT.ppt

关于定语从句完整关于定语从句完整第1页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日需要掌握知识：1.定义2.关系词的分类及用法3.that 和which用法比较4.特殊定语从句第2页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日Attributive Clause（定语从句）一：概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:who whom that which whose关系副词关系副词:where when why第3页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日二：引导词通常有三个作用：二：引导词通常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句；引导定语从句；2.指代先行词；指代先行词；3.在定语从句中充当句子成分。在定语从句中充当句子成分。The book that you referred to is mine.第4页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2.The skirt _(_ Mary bought two years ago is old.3.Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4.Where is the boy _ broke the window?5.Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/that)(that/which)who/that(that/whom)第5页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日注意：注意：1 1 关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词在定在定语语从句中都要从句中都要 充充当当句子成分句子成分。2 2 当当关关系系代代词词充充当当动动词词和和介介词词的的宾宾语语时时可可省省略略，但但如如果果介介词词提提前前的的话话，不不可可以以用用that,that,而而且且不不可可以以省省略。略。3 3 定定语语从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词要和先行要和先行词词保持一致保持一致注意：注意：one of+one of+名名词词的复数的复数the only/the just/the very+one of+the only/the just/the very+one of+名名词词复数。复数。4 4 定定语语从句分从句分为为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性和非限制性两种。5 5 非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中的关系从句中的关系词词不可以省略。不可以省略。第6页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日关系代词的功能：关系代词的功能：Who 指人做主语指人做主语Whom 指人作宾语指人作宾语That 指人也指物，做主语也做宾语指人也指物，做主语也做宾语Which 指物，做主语也做宾语指物，做主语也做宾语Whose 指人也指物，做定语，强调所属指人也指物，做定语，强调所属 关系关系When 指时间，做时间状语指时间，做时间状语Where 指地点，做地点状语指地点，做地点状语Why 指原因，做原因状语指原因，做原因状语第7页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日例例 1.The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。The girl who/that is standing under the tree is my deskmate.The boy who/that hurt my pride once is over there.第8页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(whom/that)指人:whom/that(宾语,可省略)你所提到的那个老师已经退休。你所提到的那个老师已经退休。你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。The teacher(that/whom)you referred to has retired.The boy(that/whom)you cared about is as stubborn as a donkey.第9页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)属于我的那本书很贵重。属于我的那本书很贵重。正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。The book which/that belongs to me is valuable.The school which/that is being repaired is our new school.第10页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日例4:The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)我所喜欢的科目是地理。我所喜欢的科目是地理。我不擅长的语法是定语从句。我不擅长的语法是定语从句。The subject(that/which)I am fond of is geography.The grammar(that/which)I am not good at is the attributive clause.第11页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.正在打篮球的正在打篮球的男生们来自一年级。男生们来自一年级。The boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketball2.照顾我姐姐的护士很善良。照顾我姐姐的护士很善良。The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister第12页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日We watched the play“Teahouse”which/that was written by Lao She.3.我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆。我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆。4.你昨天所见的那个年轻人是个著名的作家。你昨天所见的那个年轻人是个著名的作家。The young man(whom/that)you saw yesterday is a famous writer.第13页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日5.一听到那个消息，那个名字叫一听到那个消息，那个名字叫Tom的男生刚才潸然泪的男生刚才潸然泪下。下。6.封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了。封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了。7.这就是我出生的村庄。这就是我出生的村庄。8.我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天。我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天。9.你相信他迟到的理由吗？你相信他迟到的理由吗？5.At the sound of the news,the boy whose name is Tom burst into tears just now.6.The book whose cover is blue is missing.7.This is the village where I was born.8.I will never forget the day when my brother joined the army.9.Do you believe the reason why he was late?第14页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.Whose在引导定语从句时，在引导定语从句时，用作定语。用作定语。指人时：指人时：=the+n+of whom =of whom+the+n指物时：指物时：=the+n+of which =of which+the+n第15页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?Do you know the man the name of whom/of whom the name is Wang Yu?Mary lives in the house whose roof is red.Mary lives in the house the roof of which/of which the roof is red.第16页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2.I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken.请问同学们：你能用别的方式改写吗？whosewhosewhose第17页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A.which B.whose C.of which D.thatB2.Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.Awhat BwhichCwhere DwhoseD第18页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日3.Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whomB第19页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日2.2.只用只用WhichWhich引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。常规情况下：常规情况下：whichwhich在从句做在从句做主语主语或或宾语，但介宾语，但介词提前时，只用词提前时，只用whichwhich。The building which/that stands near the river is our school.(主语）主语）This is the book(which/that)you want.（宾（宾语）语）The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.（宾语）（宾语）第20页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 注意：注意：whom,which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有有介词的动词固定词组介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。置上。This is the person whom you are looking for.第21页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前还可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子或者某个词。面整个句子或者某个词。1.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.2.She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honor.3.She is always late for class,which makes the teacher angry.第22页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日3 3、由、由thatthat引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。常规情况下：常规情况下：that在从句中可以指在从句中可以指人或物人或物，在从句中做主语或宾，在从句中做主语或宾语。语。但：但：1.that不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。This is the school in that you will study.()This is the school in which you will study.()This is the school(which/that)you will study in.()2.that也不可以引导非限制性定语从句。也不可以引导非限制性定语从句。第23页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.We went to Mountain Tai last weekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors.Athat BwhichCwhere DWhen2.There are altogether fiftysix students in our class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village.Athe most hardworking of who Bof whom the most hardworkingCthe most hardworking of them Dbut the most hardworking of whomBB第24页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日注意注意 在下面几种情况下必须用在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything anything 等。等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.Something that we heard was of great truth.当先行词是当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代词等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主连接主从句。从句。Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial.Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.第25页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 先行词被序数词、先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级所或形容词的最高级所修饰。修饰。The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。I have read all the books that you gave me.第26页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 先行词被先行词被the only,the very 修饰。修饰。This is the very pen that I am looking for.He is the only person that I want to talk to.先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered.第27页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 当句中已有当句中已有who who 或或whichwhich时，为避免重复。时，为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to John?Which is the book(that)you want?如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which/whowhich/who，则另一个用，则另一个用that.that.第28页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.I met the poet who wrote the poem that is popular.8.当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语从句中做表语时。从句中做表语时。China is no longer the country _it used to be.=China is no longer what it used to be.that第29页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(衡水中学衡水中学)They went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about happened.Awhich Bwhat Cthat DWhen(南昌调研南昌调研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.Athat;what Bthat;/Cwhich;that Dwhat;thatCB第30页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(宁波联考宁波联考)Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting?Absolutely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express.Athat BwhatCwhich DWhy He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.Awhich BthatCwhom DwhatAB第31页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日5.When/where/why引导的定语从句：引导的定语从句：当先行词为指时间，地点，原因的名词时，在从句当先行词为指时间，地点，原因的名词时，在从句中做状语时，要用关系副词中做状语时，要用关系副词when/where/why.但但一定要认真分析句子的成分。一定要认真分析句子的成分。Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.Awhy BwhatCthat DwhereD第32页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Awhich BwhereChow DWhy2.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich DwhereBD第33页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(锦州二模锦州二模)So you know Della?Yes，it was last week _ I surfed the Internet.Athat BwhenCsince Dbefore A book office is a place where tickets are sold.此句可以改为：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定语从句中关系副词where=介词介词+which.B第34页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日This is the house where he lives.=This is the house _he lives.=This is the house _he lives in.in which(which/that)I still remember the year when we studied together.=I still remember the year in which we studied together.=I still remember the year(which/that)we studied in together.第35页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日Do you know the reason why I left early?Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.Is this the reason that/which he told you?Is this the reason why he was late for class?(for which)for whichthat/which第36页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日关系代词和关系副词的选用。关系代词和关系副词的选用。在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所在从句中所充当的句子成分充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。往往关系词却不同。1.This is the factory which/that produces TV sets.This is the factory where my father once worked.(in which)2.Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside.Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into.(on which)第37页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日问题：问题：1.是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，就一定选择关系副词：就一定选择关系副词：when,where,why?2.请问关系副词和关系代词的转换是什么样地？请问关系副词和关系代词的转换是什么样地？This is the village_I was born in.This is the village _ I was born.This is the village in _ I was born.I dont believe the reason_ he was late.I dont believe the reason _he mentioned just now.I will never forget the day_ I joined the League.I will never forget the day_ we spent together.I will forget the day _you came to this school.Which/thatwherewhichwhyThat/whichwhenThat/whichwhen第38页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日当先行词为当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况种情况:?I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank）A.that B.which C.in which D./Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way _ we might find interesting.Awhich Bin which Cin that DwhatBA第39页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 在在 Its time Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。常有下面几种句型。It is(high/about)time that 主语主语+谓语（谓语（should+v）/过过去式去式 It is the first time that 主语主语+谓语谓语 (现在完成时现在完成时)It was the first time that+主语主语+谓语（过去完成时）谓语（过去完成时）It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A.go B.wentC.shall go D.have gone It is the first time _ he has been here.A.thatB.whenC.at which D.whichBA第40页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日定语从句的主谓一致问题：定语从句的主谓一致问题：1.定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后的定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。Here is a letter from Mr Brown,who _ to come to Paris.(want)I,who _ your friend,will try my best to help you when you are in trouble.(be)Those who_late for the meeting shall be punished.(be)wantsamare第41页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日2.one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+复数复数谓语谓语 the(only)one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+单数单数谓语谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday.A.was B.were C.is D.areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.areC.have beenD.has beenBD第42页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as,such as等结构。等结构。I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.I like the same book as you do.请问：请问：the sameas与与the samethat的区别？的区别？Suchas与与suchthat的区别？的区别？第43页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日Suchas-“像。那样的像。那样的”as引导定语从句，引导定语从句，从句不完整，从句不完整，as要在从句中充当主语或宾语。要在从句中充当主语或宾语。Suchthat-”如此。以至于如此。以至于”that引导结果状语从句，引导结果状语从句，从句完整，从句完整，that不充当任何成分。不充当任何成分。This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work it out.This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work out.This is such a big watermelon _ I bought it at once.This is such a big watermelon _ I bought yesterday.thatasthatas第44页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日I have bought the same watch_you have.Athat BwhichCas DWhoseHis stocks are sold at such a low price _ he didnt expect.Aas Bthat Cwhen DwhichCA第45页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日 as引导非限制性定语。可以放在主句之前、引导非限制性定语。可以放在主句之前、常用于这种类似插入语的句式有常用于这种类似插入语的句式有As is said above,As is already mentioned above,As is known to all,As it is,As is often the case,As is reported in the newspaper第46页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(云云南南昆昆明明质质检检)_is generally the case，those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.AWhich BThatCWhat DAs(常常德德测测试试卷卷)_ is reported in the newspaper，people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the terrible disaster and living a normal life.AIt BAsCThat DWhatDB第47页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日注意：在引导非限制定语从句时注意：在引导非限制定语从句时which 和和 as 的区别是：的区别是：which不能放在句首，而不能放在句首，而as则可以；则可以；在句中时，在句中时，as有有“正如正如”、“就像就像”之意，之意，而而which 表示表示“这一点这一点”有因果关系或者从有因果关系或者从句是否定句。句是否定句。第48页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(2007西城西城)The project turned out to be very good，_was more than we could expect.Awhat BthatCwhich DThis他再次迟到，这一点让他的班主任很生气。他再次迟到，这一点让他的班主任很生气。He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.C第49页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日介词+关系代词小试一下This is the girl _I learned the news.We are looking for the person_ the book belongs.He is the man _ house the pictures were stolen.He stood near the window,_ he could see the whole garden.同学们，你们发现什么方法？From whichTo whomFrom whoseFrom where第50页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.This is the house _ my grandfather once lived.2.The film _ Im speaking is to be shown next week.3.This is the man _I learn the news.(苏、锡、常、镇四市联考苏、锡、常、镇四市联考)He didnt put the things _ they belonged，for _ reason he got his punishment.Awhich;that Bwhat;thatCthat;whose Dwhere;whichIn whichOf whichFrom whichD第51页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日三三、“介介词词关关系系代代词词(which/whom/whose)”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1关关系系代代词词的的选选用用：关关系系代代词词指指人人时时，只只可用可用whom；关系代词指物时，只可用；关系代词指物时，只可用which。The rich，for _ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.Atheir BthemCwhose DwhomD第52页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日1.根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词Water is the natural medium _fish live.2.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。Physics is the subject in our school_every student is interested.3.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。I know a wood _ you can find roses.4.根据句意来确定介词。This is the book _ I got the story.如何确定介词？In whichIn whichIn whichFrom which第53页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(长长郡郡中中学学)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which (贵贵港港监监测测)The film _ I am speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema.Ato which Bwith whichCof which Don whichDC第54页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日(陕陕西西重重点点联联考考)The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.Athat BwhichCfor which Dto which(浙浙江江五五校校联联考考)He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat DduringCB第55页，讲稿共74张，创作于星期日根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配_ I spent five Yuan._ I paid five Yuan.This is the book _ I learnt a lot._there are few new words._ Tom often talks.根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯the day_ I joined the league.I still remember the d