(完整版)宾语从句大全.pdf

1 宾语从句（The Object Clause）第一部分：宾语概要 一 不同词类作宾语 二非谓语类作宾语 三从句类作宾语 四两种特殊带宾语的结构 五 it 用作形式宾语（基本用法）六双宾语 七同源宾语（Cognate Object）第一部分：宾语概要 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必须有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如 worth,careful 等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为双宾语。一 不同词类作宾语 1.名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now.2.代词作宾语 We all like him.She doesnt know me.3.数词作宾语 Give me four.4.the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing 结构作宾语。1)The young should respect the old.2)They went to help the dying and the wounded.3)They are searching for the lost .二 非谓语类作宾语 1不定式作宾语 We all like to go to school.注意:I dont know what to do next.2动名词作宾语 The boss hates workers complaining.三 从句类作宾语 I think he is right.Do you understand what I mean?I asked whether there are any chemists shops in this street.Give him whatever he needs.We can rely on whomever we can trust.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.四 两种特殊带宾语的结构 1一些形容词可有宾语 常用的情感形容词有：sure,afraid,glad,pleased,happy,worried,sad,sorry The book is worth reading.2介宾结构 Are they listening to the professor?Are they satisfied with us?He passed the exam by cheating.五it 用作形式宾语（基本用法）I think it no need talking about it with them.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.Did you make it clear why she didnt come?I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.She wont like it if you arrive late.六 双宾语 有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语），即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。2 1.常用句型为 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。Give me a cup of tea,please.You dont need to show him how to do it.He has told me where they lives.2.下面几种情况，通常要用介词 to 或 for 引起的短语：1).当直接宾语是人称代词（itthem）时。如：The watch is Li Leis.Please give it to him.。2).当强调间接宾语时。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.3).当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：On the bus,he often gives his seat to an old person.4)由 to 连接间接宾语的动词有：give,lend,bring,show,tell,write,send,hand,teach,offer,sell,promise,pass,take 等.5)由 for 连接间接宾语的动词有：buy,make,leave,do,choose,order,sing,win,cook,get 等 注意：I will ask him a question.I will ask a question of him.七 同源宾语（Cognate Object）少数不及物动词能带一个在词根上与动词相同或相近意义的宾语，即同源宾语 1.能带同源宾语的动词有：lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing 等。Under the leadership of the Party,the peasants are living a happy life.I dreamed a terrible dream last night.Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.He died a heroic death.2.同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时，“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比，前者语气更强一些。We slept a comfortable sleep last night.(=We slept comfortably last night.)Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday.（=Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.）注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。fight a good fight breathe a deep breath laugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile 3.同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。You should run your fastest（race）.The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning.第二部分 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。比较下面几个句子 I dont know the phone number.I dont know what his phone number is.I dont know if this is his phone number.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句详解 一宾语从句的分类:.1 作动词的宾语:I heard that he would come here later on.2 作介词的宾语:He said nothing about who broke the window last night.3 作形容词的宾语：I am sure I will pass the exam.二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 分三类：从属连词 that(陈述句),if,whether（是否），连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever ,whatever,whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问,但 what,whatever 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等.3 找出并翻译下列句中的宾语从句 1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 2 I dont know if there will be a bus any more.3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game?5 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.6 He didnt tell me when we should meet again.7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel（新的操作盘）?8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（一）that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合 that 可以省略）1 只起连接作用，无词意，通常第一个 that 可省。可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.2 在以下情况中 that 不能省略 1）、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2）当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died.4）当 it 作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him 5）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe 6）.that 从句单独回答问题时。如：What did he hear?他听说了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。3 宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose,expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：1)主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project,havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike 等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?2)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help,doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project,didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer,do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon,does she?3）在 think,believe,suppose,guess 等及物动词及 Im afraid 等表达的后面，可用 so,或 not 代替一个宾语从句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。Are we late?-Im afraid so.-Do you think he will come?-No,I think not./I dont think so.注:I dont think/believe/suppose/expect so.这种结构不能用于动词 guess 和 hope,guess 和 hope 只能用 I hope/guess not.练习题(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2).He believes she is right,_?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?4 Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4).I find _ important that we practice English every day.A.it B.this C.that D.what (5).You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited（二）由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句 whether 和 if 通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般来说，后者比较正式，在口语中前者常用来代替后者。但两者有时具有不同的暗示。用 whether 时，正反两面的选择意义较强，问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定；而用 if 时，则比较强调单方面，即正面，问话人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，还要注意从以下六个方面的高频考点：一、whether 和 if 都可以与 or not 连用；但 whether 和 or not 写在一起时，或在动词短语后，只能用 whether，不能用 if。如：I dont care whether(或 if)it will rain or not I dont care whether or not it will rain.(不用 if)I dont care about whether or not it will rain.(不用 if)二、在引导宾语从句时，应注意：1、表示“是否”时，两词都能引导宾语从句。I dont know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能来.She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她问我是否有兴趣为她工作。Well be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not.我们明天才知道是不是应该参加考试.I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance.我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的.I wonder if/whether you can examine him now(注意:在两个供选择的从句之间若用 or 字,则须重复 whether 一字.)注:当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用 whether。如:Whether Ill have time to go with you I am not sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。2、宾语从句移置句首时，用 whether，不用 if。Whether it is true or not，I cant say=I cant say whether/if it is true or not 3、宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用 if，而不用 whether。I asked Tom if Mary wouldnt come 4、动词 discuss，decide,consider 等后习惯上也常用 Whether 引导从句，不用 if。考试注意改错题 They discussed whether they should leave at once.他们讨论了是否应该马上离开。We discussed whether the house should be sold.我们讨论了这房子是否应卖掉。We discussed whether we should buy the gift for him 下面的内容与上文列项不一致，要重新定序号。都可以称为：whether 和 if 的区别 三、在下列情况下，只能用 whether，不能用 if。1、与不定式连用时，只能用 whether He cant decide whether to accept or refuse 2、在介词后，只能用 whether。Everything depends on whether he is ready I dont care about whether or not it will rain.3、在名词后作同位语时，只能用 whether。The question whether they ought to stop working was discussed among the workers I have no idea whether he is there 4、引导主语从句时，只能用 whether。Whether he comes or not doesnt concern me 5、引导表语从句时，只能用 whether。What Maria doesnt know is whether there will be enough snow 6、当 whether 和 or not 连用时，只用 whether 不用 if。如:I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回来。Ill be happy whether/if I get the job or not 我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴。注意：当 or not 放在 whether 5 引导的从句句尾，则可以用 if 来替换。7、当 whether 和 or 连用表示明确的选择时，只用 whether 不用 if。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他开车去还是坐火车去,犹豫不决 注:whether 和 or 连用还可以引导让步状语从句,此时也不用 if。如：Well go on with the work,whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains/Whether it rains or not,were playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨,我们星期六一定踢足球.8、在动词不定式之前，只能用 whether，不能用 if。The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna.问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳.She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走.Im not sure whether to resign or stay on.我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任.四、if 可引导条件状语从句，译作“如果”，whether 可引导让步状语从句，译作“不管、无论”。If I were you，I would not buy Whether he agrees or not，I shall go there Well go on with the work,whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains/Whether it rains or not,were playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨,我们星期六一定踢足球.五、whether 和 if 均可用来引导主语从句，但 if 引导的从句不能位于句首。Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时 whether 不能换作 if）Its doubtful whether therell be any seats left.说不上还有没有空座位了.(此句 whether 能换作 if)六、表语从句、同位语从句用 whether 引导不用 if.The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase.疑问是你是否打坏了这只漂亮的花瓶。The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled.是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。七、强化练习：1.The question has not been answered _ Taiwan will be included on the Olympic torch relay route.Athat Bwhether Cwhich Dif 2.You have not yet answered my question _ I can join in the party tonight or not.A.whether B.if C.that D.which 3-What are you anxious about?-_ A.If we succeed B.That we can succeed C.Do we succeed D.Whether we can succeed 4.Only when _ the painting _ decide _the painting is worth buying.难 A.he sees,he can,whether B.does he see,can he,if C.he sees,can he,whether D.sees he,he can,that 5._ English is his favourite subject A.I asked him if B.I asked him that whether C.I asked him that D.I asked him which 6 _ theyll go to the Summer Palace _ the weather.A.If;depends on B.Whether;depends upon C.Whether;depended on D.If;depended upon 7.It isnt quite _ _ he will be present at the meeting.A.sure;whether B.sure;if C.certain;whether D.certain;that 8._ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.Whether B.If C.Whenever D.That 9.No one was sure _ he would be asked to speak next year.A.when B.whether C.what D.how 10.It is still a question to us all _ there is any living thing in some other places in the space.A.whether B.which C.what D.where 11.I doubt _ he will come here on time.6 A.that B.whether C.when D.where 12 The point is not who said the words,_ they are true or not.A.but whether B.and whether C.but how D.and how 13.“What did he ask you?”“_ I would be late.”A.That B.When C.Where D.Whether 14.He treated all the people around him,_he knew or he didnt know,_.A.if,friendly B.whether,friendly C.if,in a friendly way D.whether,in a friendly way 15.At the meeting,we discussed _ we should employ more workers.A.if B.whether C.that D.不填（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise 等。连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但 what,whatever 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题 引导词的运用（1）I dont know _or not A whether he is at home B if he is at home C that he is at home D whether is he at home（2）This depends on _ the weather is fine A which B whether C if D that（3）The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in A which B where C if D that（4）I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our English A why B when C how D where（5）Be careful！Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said?David?Yes，Mum A what B that C why D if（6）Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _ A where，which B where，what C what，which D what，where（7）There is not much difference between the two I really dont know _ A what should I choose B which I should choose C which should I choose D what I should choose 三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。I dont know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?7 例 1 No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 例 2 The boss went up to ask _.A.what the matter was B.whats the matter C.what was the matter D.what the matter is 练习题(1)Did you find out _?A.she was looking for whose child B.whose child was she looking for C.whose child she is looking for D.whose child she was looking for(2)Are you interested in _?A.how did he do it B.he did it how C.how he did it D.he how did it(3)I dont know _.Can you tell me?A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two players C.the two players are how old D.how old the two players are(4)-What did the scientist say?-He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A.he had to fly B.he could fly C.can he fly D.could he fly(5)Excuse me,sir.Could you tell me _?A.Where the bank nearest B.where is the nearest bank C.where the nearest bank is D.the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A.what the matter was B.what the matter is C.what was the matter D.what is the matter 四.宾语从句的时态 时态：1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.例 1 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets _.A.was booked B.had been booked C.were booked D.have been booked 例 2 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A.leaves B.would leave C.had left D.had been away 例 3 Do you work in the lab every afternoon?No,but sometimes I wish I _.A.have time B.had time to do C.have time to D.had time to 练习题(1)Its 7:30.I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet,Sally.A.havent started B.didnt C.dont start D.hadnt started(2)The teacher told us yesterday that December