高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之非谓语动词、助动词与情态动词非谓语动词之不定式145.pdf

第-1-页 非谓语动词之不定式 不定式语法功能：除不能作谓语，其他句子成分都可。1.不定式作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。注意 常用 it 作形式主语。Itsfor sb./Itsof sb.1)for sb.前常用表示事物特征特点或客观形式形容词，如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等。Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说，学习两种语言是很困难。2)of sb.句型一般用于表示人物性格、品德，表示主观感情或态度形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,cruel,right 等。Its very nice of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。2.不定式作宾语 I want to speak to Tom.我想跟 Tom 谈谈。Please show us how to do that.请给我们演示一下怎么操作。3.不定式作宾补 Father will not allow us to play on the street.爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。4.不定式作表语 不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。My work is to clean the room every day.我工作是每天清扫房间。第-2-页 5.不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰词后。I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。6.不定式作状语 1)目状语 to,only to(仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)as to(如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他跑得如此之快，就是为了赶上首班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来这里只是为了跟你说再见。2)结果状语 He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜索了房间，不过什么也没有找到。3)原因状语 Im glad to see you.见到你我很快乐。用作介词 to to 有两种用法：“不定式+动词原形，“介词+名词/动名词，下面用法是“to+名词/动名词：admit to 成认，confess to 成认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to 开场，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意 第-3-页 省略 to 动词不定式 1)情态动词(除 ought 外，ought to)；2)使役动词 let,have,make；3)感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略 to。注意：在被动语态中那么 to 不能省掉。The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板让他们通宵工作。4)would rather,had better；5)Why/why not；6)help 后既可带 to，也可不带 to，help sb.(to)do sth.；7)but 与 except：but 前是动词 do 时，后面出现动词用不带 to 动词不定式。He wants to do nothing but go out.除了外出，他什么也不想做。8)由 and,or 与 than 连接两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去；He wants to move to France and marry the girl.他想移居到发过，跟那个女孩结婚。9)通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand 等词后，可以省去 to be。He is supposed(to be)nice.他本应该挺不错。动词不定式否认式 第-4-页 not 放在不定式符号 to 前面。Tell him not to shut the window.告诉他不要关窗户。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我路过时，她装作没有看到我。不定式特殊句型 tooto 1)tooto 太以至于不能 He is too excited to speak.他兴奋说不出话来。2)如在 too 前有否认词，那么整个句子用否认词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)亡羊补牢，为时未晚。3)当 too 前面有 only,all,but 时，意思是：非常，等于 very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.能够帮到你，我非常快乐。He was but too eager to get home.他非常渴望回家。不定式特殊句型 so as to 1)表示目；它否认式是 so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.对于事故，Tom 表现得很沉默，为是不丢掉工作。2)so kind as to：劳驾 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time 劳驾你能告诉我一下时间吗？不定式形式与主、被动 第-5-页 一般式 to do/to be done 进展式 to be doing 完成式 to have done/to have been done 完 成 进 展式 to have been doing 1)一般式：有时与谓语动词表示动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词动作之后。He seems to know this.他似乎知道这个。I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.期待以后再见到你。2)完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉给你带来如此多麻烦。3)进展式：表示动作正在进展，与谓语动词表示动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.他好似在吃什么东西。4)完成进展式：表示动作或状态从谓语动作之前一直持续到谓语动作发生。She is known to have been thinking over the problem for many days.据知，这个问题她已经思考了好多天了。第-6-页 动名词与不定式 1)动名词与不定式区别 动 名词 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生 不 定式 目，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生 2)接不定式或动名词，意义相近，如：begin/start to do=begin/start doing;continue to do=continue doing。3)动名词与不定式语义不同有 11 组：stop to do stop doing forget to do forget doing remember to do remember doing regret to do regret doing cease to do cease doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing afraid to do afraid doing interested to do interested doing mean to do mean doing begin/start begin/start 第-7-页 to do doing 常见考法 1.不定式作状语；2.it 作形式主语代替后面不定式；3.不定式否认形式；4.被动语态中不定式；5.不定式省 to 情况；6.不定式作定语情况。误区提醒 1.不定式不同形式误用；2.被动语态中仍然省 to；3.否认形式 not 位置弄错；4.主动语态中该省 to 不省;5.不定式作定语时丢内容 小试牛刀 1.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on 2.I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change A.to try going B.trying to go C.第-8-页 to try and go D.try going 3.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning 4.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 5.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat no B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating【答案及解析】4.A【解 析】pretend 后 应 接 不 定 式。其 否 认 形 式 为pretend not to do sth.。5.C【解 析】warn 一 词 要 求 后 用 不 定 式，否 认 形 式 为be warned not to do。