黑龙江省双鸭山市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解统编题一65.pdf

第 1 页 黑龙江双鸭山市 2021 高考英语阅读理解一轮统编题一 阅读理解。阅读以下短文,从给四个选项(A、B、C 与 D)中,选出最正确选项。Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8,1942(300 years after the death of Galileo)in Oxford，England.His parents house was in North London，but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight，his family moved to St Albans，a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St All.School，and then on to University College，Oxford，his fathers old college.Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.Mathematics was not available at University College，so he did physics instead.Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in cosmology(宇宙论)After gaining his PHD，he became first a research fellow，and later on a professional fellow at Gonville&Caius College.After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics，and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henryucas，who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow，and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F.R.Ellis，General Relativity：An Einstein Centenary Survey with W Israel，and 300 Years of Gravity with W Israel.Stephen 第 2 页 Hawking had two popular books published：his best seller A Brief History of Time，and his later book，Black Holes and Baby Universes and other essays.“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all，Hawking said.1Hawkings father would like Hawking to learn_.Amathematics Bphysics Cmedicine Dcosmology 答案：C 根据第一段倒数第二句“Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.可知，父亲想让霍金学习医学。2Which one of the following is NOT right about the description of Hawking A.Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileos death.BHawking went to school at the age of eleven.CHawking liked physics best when he was young.DHawking，together with WIsrael wrote two of his works.答案：C 根据第一段内容可知，斯蒂芬霍金最早较喜欢数学，但学习了物理专业，是因为那所大学没有数学专业。3All the people has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics except_.AHenry Lucas BStephen Hawking CIsaac Barrow DIsaac Newton 第 3 页 答案：A 文章第二段中介绍了艾萨克贝假设，艾斯克牛顿与斯蒂芬霍金都担任这个职务，故 A 项符合题意。4What Hawking said in the last passage means that_.A.he would like to lead a simple life Bhe would devote his life to the research of the universe Che has understood the great law of the universe Dit is easy for him to understand the universe 答案：B 联系上下文与最后一段霍金所说“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe.反映了他献身宇宙科学研究决心。5 The BEST title for this passage is most likely to be“_ AHawkings happy family BHawking and his colleagues CHawkings great works DHawkinga great scientist 答案：D 本文主要介绍了斯蒂芬霍金生平，他对宇宙科学理论研究成果以及他献身宇宙科学研究决心，故 D 项符合题意。黑龙江省大庆市喇中 2021 高考英语阅读练习科普环保类 Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years,but Dr Jean-Loup Rault,an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia,believes new companions are coming:robot pets.“Technology is moving very fast,Rault told ABC News,“The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet,and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.第 4 页 This may not sit well with pet lovers.After all,who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it:“You dont have to feed it,you dont have to walk it,it wont make a mess in your house,and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets,short on space,or fearful of real animals.Its not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones.But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smart machines.People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories.Its the same with robots.When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2021,owners in Japan held funerals.As an animal welfare researcher,Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals.“If we become used to a robotic companion that doesnt need food,water or exercises,perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings,he said.So are dogs and cats a thing of the past,as Rault predicts For those who grew up with living and breathing pets,the mechanical kind might not do.But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology,a future in which lovely pets neednt have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.【小题 1】What does the underlined phrase“sit well with means Abe refused by Bbe beneficial to 第 5 页 Cmake a difference to Dreceive support from【小题 2】What are the advantages of robot pets a.They are plastic and feel smooth.b.Owners neednt worry about them when going out.c.They can help cure allergies过敏.d.They save space and costs.Aab Bbc Cbd Dcd【小题 3】We can learn from the passage that_.ASony is the first company to produce robot pets Aibo.BPeople can develop strong bond联系、关系 with their robot pets.CRault thinks robot pets still have a long way to go.DRobot toys may help people care more about living beings.【小题 4】The passage mainly tells us_.Athe advantages of robot toys Bthe popularity of robot pets Cliving pets are dying out Drobot pets are coming【浙江省金华十校 2021 高考英语模拟试题】C Most parents of kids under age 8 dont worry about how much time they spend watching TV or using other media,from computers to smart phones to tablets PCs,according to a new survey that found a childs use of media often reflects how much time parents spend in the similar way 第 6 页 We generally found that media use is not a source of conflict in the home for families with young children,Ellen Wartella,a researcher from Northwestem University,told USA Today She led a survey of 2,326 parents who have children 8 and youngerIt found that in 80 percent of families,childrens media use was not a problem,with 55 percent“not too or“not at all concerned about it It also showed parents have more positive than negative feelings about how media consumption affects a childs learning and the development of creativityThe exception is video games,which are viewed more negatively than TV,computers or mobile devices“Parents rated video games as more likely to have a negative effect on childrens school performance,attention time,creativity,social skills,behavior and sleep than any other medium,the researchers said in a news conference about the survey The findings exposes a generational shift 转移 in parental attitudes about technologys role in young childrens lives,said Wartella“Todays parents grew up with technology as a central pact of their lives,so they think about it differently than earlier generations of parents,instead of a battle with kids on one side and parents on the other,the use of media and technology has become a family affair The researchers identified three media environments created by parents:media-centric 39 percent of families,media-moderate 45%and media-light 16%Children in media-centric families 第 7 页 spend at least three hours more each day watching TV or using computers,video games and tablet PCs dont make parenting easierAnd 88 percent of parents say they are most likely to turn to toys or activities to keep their children occupied Slightly fewer turn to books 79%and TV78%The survey didnt look at how media affects children Thats a topic that the American Academy of Pediatrics has handled a number of times The AAP says studies have found too much media use can lead to attention-problems,school difficulties,sleep and eating disorders and being fat In addition,the Internet and cell phones can provide platforms for illegal and risky behaviorsBy limiting screen time and offering educational media and non-electronic formats 格式such as books,newspapers and board games,and watching television with their children,parents can help guide their childrens media experience Putting questionable content into context and teaching kids a700ut advertising contributes to their media literacy 素养,it says The pediatricians group says parents should have“screen-free zones and TV should be turned off during dinner At most,it recommends children and teens engage with entertainment media for no more than two hours a day and that should be high-quality content It is important for kids to spend time on outdoor play,reading,hobbies and using their imaginations in free play“Kids under 第 8 页 2 should not use television and other entertainment media because their brains are developing quickly and they learn best from direct human interaction,the group says An article on screen time by the Mayo Clinic also notes problems linked to over screen time,including being fat,irregular sleep,behavioral problems,weak school performance,violence and less time for active and creative play 50Parents have more negative than positive feelings about media consumption like Acomputers Bsmart phones Cvideo games Dtablets PCs 51Most parents dont worry about kids media use because Athey can limit the screen time Bthey want their children happy Cthey also grew up with technology Dthey can teach their children themselves 52From the data of the survey,we learn Achildren in media-centric families are smarter than others Bchildren in media-light families spend one hour watching TV Cmore than half of the parents think childrens media use was a problem Dmedia-centric children spend more than three hours each day on media use 第 9 页 53To make parenting easier,most parents probably Atry to persuade their children to read books Bask their children questions while watching TV Callow their children watching TV or using computers Dturn to toys or activities to keep their children occupied 54Which of the following is a suggestion by the researchers AMedia use time for babies under 2 should be limited BEntertainment media use should be high-quality content CSchools should provide more time for active and creative play DHome media use should provide platforms for illegal and risky behaviors【参考答案】50、C 5154、CDDB 黑龙江省大庆市喇中 2021 高考英语阅读练习科普环保类 The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare,Zimbabwes capital city,is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building,which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating.The buildingthe countrys largest commercial and shopping complexuses less than 10%of the energy of a conventional building of its size.The Eastgates owners saved$3.5 第 10 页 million on a$36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didnt have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady,glass-roofed atrium(天井)open to the air.Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium,blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口).As it rises and warms,it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summers cool nights,big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors.By day,smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building,to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors.For winter days,there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level,has cloudless skies,little dampness and rapid temperature changesdays as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night.“You couldnt do this in New York,with its hot summers and cold winters,Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures.It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25,with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November,when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans 第 11 页 at night.And the air is freshfar more so than in air-conditioned buildings,where up to 30%of the air is recycled.【小题 1】Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building AIt was designed in a smaller size.BNo air conditioners were fixed in.CIts heating system was less advanced.DIt used rather different building materials.【小题 2】What does“it refer to in Paragraph 3 AHollow space.BBaseboard vent.CFresh air from outside.DHeat in the building.【小题 3】Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York ANew York has less clear skies as Harare.BIts dampness affects the circulation of air.CNew York covers a larger area than Harare.DIts temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.【小题 4】The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgates temperature control system_.Aworks better in hot seasons Bcan recycle up to 30%of the air 第 12 页 Cfunctions well for most of the year Dallows a wide range of temperatures 黑龙江省大庆市喇中 2021 高考英语阅读练习科普环保类 The way we cook is important.In many countries,the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves.The World Health Organization(WHO)warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution.The WHO finds that poor cooking,heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home.WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking,heating and lighting.And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year.Of that number,the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料and coal stoves.These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths.These fuels include wood,coal,animal waste and so on.Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO s Department of Public Health,Environmental and Social Determinants of Health.He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油fuel indoors.He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation.It will only pollute the outdoors.“New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this 第 13 页 problem.The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking.It says huge populations in India,China and Latin American countries,such as Guatemala and Peru,are also at risk.Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool.He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now.An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精stove that is made by Dometic(a Sweden