高中英语语法填空常考点精讲精练.pdf

派生词部分 语法填空中有些单词变形侧重于考查构词法，主要是派生构成法。派生法（derivation）是英语中重要的构词法，它借助在词干上加词缀的办法来构成新的单词。一个单词的基本部分称为词干（stem），加在词干前面的部分称为前缀（prefix），加在词干后面的部分成为后缀（suffix）。一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如：在 repayment（偿还）一词中，pay 付钱，是词干；re-有“返还”之意，是前缀，改变词义；-ment是后缀，改变词性为名词。英语中派生词很多。这里我们只能把常考的派生词按词缀进行归类练习，以提高我们掌握、识记单词的能力。把课本生词表中的生词记牢才是备考的上策。第 1 讲 常见前缀 1.This may sound _(convenient),but English people are used to doing so.2.Meanwhile,the editor was getting _(patience),for the magazine would soon go to press.3.If they stay in a museum too long,a feeling of boredom will build up,leading eventually to _(patience)and fatigue.4.My motto also makes me become an _(depend)person.5.Faridabad is very poor and most people dont have air conditioners or even electric fans.Besides,electricity is often cut off_(expect).6.Something _(believe)happened on the plane.7.Do not carry too much money or _(necessity)credit cards.8.Although _(able)to publish at that time,he circulated(使传阅)three photocopied collections of his work.9.The student or any other person,may come back to his work tired and _(interested).10.People were_(familiar)with this product at the beginning,and made many guesses at how it was produced.11.Staring out of the window,my mother complained about the _(responsible)and cruel person who left his dog with us.第 2 讲 常见名词后缀 1.To my_(amaze),Life of France and Italy seemed more pleasant and relaxing than that of Toronto.2.I love Jack a lot but we are getting into a lot of _(argue)about our wedding plans.3.Similar_(arrange)also exists in some British schools.4.【2016 全国】Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of_(achieve).5.【2016全国】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the_(develop)of chopsticks.6.When you stand in front of the mirror,it will use the technology to make its own _(judge)of your body type.7.In _(conclude),wise choices and full preparations are reliable measures to reach our goals.8.I think it necessary for us to discuss this problem with our parents before we make a final _(decide).9.I think they were all better worth visiting than many other _(attract).10.【2016 全国】But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract).11.There are two new hotels here under _(construct).12.He has made great _(contribute)to the development of our company.13.Since news broke,netizens have praised Tian for his _(devote)to teaching his students and his ability to think out of the box.14.Researchers argue that people have too high _(expect)of the power of saying sorry.15.He has received three similar _(invite)so far.16.But the hardest part lay in my oral _(present)from my memory for to read from the paper was not allowed.17.Knowing that,my mum and I made careful _(prepare)for the celebration.18.However,the collector said it was one of his valuable _(possess)and he could not let it go.possessions 19.Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1500 years,but _(express)from them have entered various languages.20.I couldnt see a sad _(express)on his face.21.Some people whose _(intend)is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income 22.Now let me give you a brief _(describe)of his experience.23.The pressure helps us learn the true meaning of _(compete)before we step into society.24.The _(explain)was simple but very unusual.25.That smile is what gives him the _(determine)to love himself.26.For example,when people used dogs for hunting,the dogs would not eat what they caught without _(permit).27.Once you reach that point in life,happiness and _(satisfy)cant be too far away.28._(honest)is the best policy.29.More and more students would drop out of school if their personal _(safe)could not be guaranteed.30.The reasons for its _(popular)are the musics fast pace and rhythmic beat.31.I know your _(curious)is driving you mad!32.It gives us a strong heart and teaches us to step forward no matter what the _(real)is.33.After two earlier_(marry)，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again.34.Hello Kitty is all about _(happy)and friendship and fun.35.It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick,aged,and orphaned,but also friends,relatives and neighbors whose _(friend)and helpfulness we have enjoyed.36.As she more and more studied the photo,she began to see the sadness and _(lonely)in his eyes.37.These young _(employ),who are enthusiastic about cars,know that quality comes first.38.The line has a _(long)of 174 km.39.Eventually,I went home with my car full of groceries and my heart full of _(warm)and kindness.40.Shawn tried to decide whether to admit the _(true).41.On Tuesday,you build up _(strong)in your legs by doing deep knee bends.42.【2014XX】On June 27,2012,the Jiaolong reached a _（deep）of 7,062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.43.Culture shock can happen immediately upon your _(arrive)in the country.44.If they stay in a museum too long,a feeling of _(bore)will build up 45.He looked so happy when he enjoyed the _(free)of running on the grass.46.When people pet animals,their blood (press)and heart rates go down.第 3 讲 常见形容词后缀 1.Drawn in simple black and white,Tuzki（兔斯基）doesnt seem _(impress)at first sight.2.Keeping a diary in English is an _(effect)way to improve our English writing ability.3.There is no _(effect)vaccine or treatment currently available for Ebola.4.For others,working in a _(create)environment with other people makes them happier.5.Human beings are _(competition)animals and we decide to evaluate each other.6.They give off _(poison)gases.7.My classmates attended _(vary)events such as running,high jump and long jump.8.Somany people are so _(anxiety)to“get in”on a“ground floor opportunity”,as if the opportunity will do all the work thats impossible.9.Almost all the fables he wrote are _(humor)and entertaining,appealing to people of all ages.10.Unlike his father,he had better luck in business and showed more _(finance)sense.11.London is a world _(culture)capital and is home to many museums,galleries,banks,libraries,and sporting events.12.【2008XX】This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.natural。13.【2015 全国】As _(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.14._(tradition),water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way to ensure good luck in the coming year.15.They do not waste peoples time with conversations or other activities that have no visible _(benefit)result.16.The name Big Ben _(origin)referred to the Great Bell within the tower 17.Ive realized that trying to get everything done in a _(limit)time means that nothing can be done properly.18.He was born in a poor family,and only received a _(limit)education in his childhood.19.He is a _(talent)artist.20.We tried our best to climb out but then I saw one of my sons was _(miss)第 4 讲 连变或成对词缀 1.Later,actors,musicians,dancers and singers from all over the world came over to give _(perform).2.Unfortunately,many people can only see a camels outstanding _(perform),but few understand its preparations made for it.3.This festival is a holiday of great _(significant)and the one with the longest history.4.Besides an attractive _(appear),tiny houses can also boast unique practical features.5.While most manage to cover the short _(distant),a handful are stuck inside the railway tracks that lie between the ocean and popular park.6.An old woman fell over at the _(enter)and hit her head on the ground.7.When we are feeling stressed there is a tendency to turn to others for some_(assist).8.Next day I saw an ad for a sales _(assist)in a local bookshop and put my house on the market.9.The _(present)of both suggests at least the possibility of life.10.Some even awarded prizes to _(participate)who could perform this feat in a natural and effortless way.11.【2014XX】The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many_(apply).12.His continual _(present)on instant messaging platforms like QQ and WeChat has made him a true icon(偶像、标志)of the internet generation.13.The expert refused to teach him because he feared that the youth would not have the _(patient)to learn.14.Deep worry began to destroy my _(confident).15.Its _(evidence)that it will do great harm to society.16.【2014 全国】Just be _(patience).17.Nevertheless,apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm（重新确认）the _(exist)of rules that need to be observed.18.In conclusion,wise choices and full preparations are _(rely)measures to reach our goals.19.Something _(believe)happened on the plane.20.Staying healthy when traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and _(enjoy)one.21.Wood became very expensive and hard to get,so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their _(value)wood,or learn how to use it better.22.【2013XX】That would be a very_(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like ours.23.【2007XX】But even more _(value)are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school.24.【2015 全国】In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings（土坯房）admirable is their _(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.25.With an online study format,the tests and notes can be _(access)with just a mouse click from your home computer.26.In conclusion,wise choices and full preparations are _(rely)measures to reach our goals.27.During his career Harrisons _(responsible)is to approve large quantities of the sweet ice cream.28.The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal stories_(cheer).29.On the way back down,my uncle asked me a question,which left me _(speech)for a second.30.With the order from the ground,the plane _(success)landed at the nearest airport.31.The researchers suggest that after a _(stress)day,simply doing something as small as holding the door open for someone else and carrying someones bags can give you mood a boost.32.Nobel had never been to school or university,but had studied privately and became a _(skill)chemist and excellent linguist.33.To some a dog is a _(faith)hunter and to others he is merely a decoration.34.【2014XX】I cannot control my body well.My legs become_(pain).35.I plan to finish my year with a _(joy)marriage and plan for my own family life.36._(need)to say,he got poor marks in all subjects.37.I felt extremely upset when the news came that the earthquake had led to extensive and severe damage in your county,causing loss of lives and leaving many people _(home).38.The applicant may not know that he actually has the required _(qualify).第 5 讲 其他 一些单词的其他词性形式并不是加词缀构成，而是改变了其中的字母或字母组合，或添加或去掉一些字母。这样的单词需要专门去记。1.During our visit,the home was filled with _(laugh).2.This _(lose)was very bad for the country,of course,but it turned out to be very good for the food.3.Actually,children learn violence _(behave)from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet.4.【2009XX】But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.5.In Senior One,he was an _(energy)boy who wanted to become a player in the school basketball team.6.Smiling with _(relieve),he set off again on the donkeys back.7.I have a strong_(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets,too.8.The cat is not for _(sell).9.She expressed her disgust at the program by writing a letter of _(complain).10.He was hardworking and _(energy)energetic.11.There has been no _(respond)to his remarks from the government.12.The island offers such a wide _(vary)of scenery and wildlife.13.In your _(young),adolescence may fill you with unrealized desires and send you into deeper puzzlement.14.The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram informing him to find out the exact number of steps and the _(high)of the wall.答案：第 1 讲 常见前缀 1.inconvenient。这可能听起来不方便，但是英国人习惯于这样做。2.impatient。get 后面跟形容词。impatient 没有耐心的。3.impatience。to 后面跟名词。impatience 没耐心，名词。4.independent。独立的，自力更生的。5.unexpectedly。出乎意料地，修饰动词 cut off，用副词。6.unbelievable。令人难以置信的事情发生在那个飞机上。7.unnecessary。没有必要的。credit card 信用卡。8.unable。不能够。9.uninterested。学生或者其他任何人可能回到工作上，疲惫不堪，毫无兴趣。10.unfamiliar。不熟悉的。11.irresponsible。不负责任的。cruel 残暴的。第 2 讲 常见名词后缀 1.amazement。to my amazement 使我惊奇的是。2.argument。争吵，争论。去-e 加-ment。：arguing，truly，valuable。3.arrangement。similar 后面跟名词。4.achievement。a sense of achievement 成就感。此处 achievement 是不可数名词。5.development。影响着筷子的发展。6.judgement/judgment。本词两种写法都正确。7.conclusion。in conclusion 总之。8.decision。决定，是 decide 的名词。9.attractions。景点，是可数名词。10.attraction。虽然 pandas 用的复数，但是熊猫也只是一个方面。11.construction。under construction在建设中。12.contributions。contribution 是可数名词。make a contribution to 或者 make contributions to。13.devotion。忠诚。奉献。14.expectations。expectation 作“期望”讲时常用复数。15.invitations。邀请信，请帖。16.presentation。呈现，介绍，演示。17.preparations。make preparations for 做准备，此时 preparation 要用复数。18.possessions。物品，所有物，同 belongings 相近。19.expressions。短语，习语。20.expression。表情。21.intention。目的，意图。22.description。描述，描写。petition。竞赛，比赛。24.explanation。explain 变为名词时 ai 要变为 a。25.determination。决心，决定。26.permission。允许。不要写成 permition。27.satisfaction。满意，satisfy 的名词。to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是。28.Honesty。作主语要用其名词形式。29.safety。是 safe 的名词形式。30.popularity。后面谓语是 are，主语是 reasons，所以不能把 popularity 写成复数。31.curiosity。好奇心。32.reality。现实。33.marriage。结婚，婚姻。34.happiness。幸福。35.friendship/friendliness。friendship友谊，friendliness 友好。36.loneliness。孤独，寂寞。37.employees。employee 雇员，employer 雇主。38.length。a length of 一段长度。39.warmth。温暖。40.truth。事实，真相。41.strength。力量。42.depth。深度。43.arrival。on/upon arrival 刚一到。44.boredom。烦闷，无聊。45.freedom。自由。46.pressure。blood pressure 血压。第 3 讲 常见形容词后缀 1.impressive。令人印象深刻的。雄伟的，壮观的。2.effective。有效的。3.effective。有效的。vaccine 疫苗。currently 目前。4.creative。创造性的。petitive。好竞争的 6.poisonous。有毒的。7.various。各种各样的。8.anxious。焦虑的。9.humorous。幽默的。10.financial。金融的，经济的，财政的。11.cultural。文化的。12.natural。自然的。natural course 自然过程。13.natural。natural architects 自然建筑师。14.Traditionally。修饰句子用副词。15.beneficial。有益的，有好处的。16.originally。最初地，起源地。修饰动词 refer 用副词。17.limited。有限的。18.limited。有限的。19.talented。有才华的。20.missing。丢失的，不见的。第 4 讲 连变或成对词缀 1.performance。表演，表现。2.performance。表演，表现。3.significance。of great significance 意为 very significant 非常重要的，有重要意义的。4.appearance。外表，外貌。5.distance。距离。distant 遥远的。6.entrance。入口处。7.assistance。帮助，不可数名词。8.assistant。助手。9.presence。出现，在场。present 出席的，在场的。10.participants。参与者。参加比赛的人。11.applicants。申请人。12.presence。出现，名词。他不断出现先即时信息平台 QQ 和微信上，这使他成为互联网一代的标志。13.patience。害怕青年人没有学习的耐心。14.confidence。信心。15.evident。明显的。16.patient。有耐心的。17.existence。存在。18.reliable。可以信赖的。19.unbelievable。难以置信的。20.enjoyable。高兴的，愉快的。21.valuable。有价值的。22.reasonable。合理的。23.valuable。倒装句。The lessons learned are even more valuable.。24.ability。前面有 their，所以要用名词。25.accessed/accessible。可以得到的，能够接近的。26.reliable。可以信赖的。27.responsibility。责任。28.cheerfully。欢乐地，愉快地。29.speechless。无言以对的。30.successfully。修饰动词要用副词。31.stressful。有压力的。32.skillful。技术高超的，灵巧的。skilled 经过培训掌握技术的。33.faithful。忠诚的，忠实的。34.painful。疼痛的。-ful 有“充满”之意。helpful;careful。35.joyful。快乐的。36.Needless。needless to say 不用说。37.homeless。无家可归的。38.qualification。资质，资历。