人教版八年级上册英语第六单元重点知识总结.pdf

_ _ Unit 6 1.Words Computer programmer cook doctor engineer violinist pilot pianist scientist driver college university education medicine London article send team foreign able promise beginning improve physical themselves hobby paint weekly schoolwork question meaning discuss own personal relationship 重点讲解：1)Send vt.发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射 vi.派人；寄信 Eg:a.打发，派遣，差遣，派前去(请人等)：to send somebody to do something 派某人去做某事 to send(someone)for a doctor 派某人去请大夫 b.使前往；使进入(to):to send to the prison 进监狱 C.寄，发送(信件，邮包等)：to send a letter to somebody 给某人寄信 Please send the book along to me.短语 send out 发送；派遣；放出 send in 递送；呈报；命进来 send for 召唤，派人去叫；派人去拿 _ _ send back 送回；退还 send a message 发信息 send mail 发送邮件 send a letter 寄信 send by 通过方式寄出 send off 寄出；派遣；给送行 2)Able adj.能 Eg:You wont able to stuff him.你不可能一下子就把他打败。be able to 能够做 Eg:We were able to do this.我们可以做到这个。will be able to 将能够 be able to do 能够做 be able to take 经受得住某事(指困难、痛苦的事)able person 能人；有能力的人；有用的人才 3)Promise n.许诺，允诺；希望 vt.允诺，许诺；给人以的指望或希望 vi.许诺；有指望，有前途 Eg：n I give you a promise.我为你许下承诺。V They promised that the work would all be finished by next week.他们保证到下星期完成全部工作。短语 _ _ promise oneself 指望 keep promise 守信 show promise 有成功的希望 make a promise 允许；允诺 great promise 前程远大；大有前途 4)Beginning n.开始；起点 v.开始；创建（begin 的 ing 形式）Eg:This is only the beginning.这仅仅是开始。At the beginning of each class,I count off the students.每节课开始我先数一下学生的人数。短语 at the beginning 首先；从一开始；起初；从头开始 at the beginning of 在的开始 from beginning to end 自始至终 from the beginning 从一开始；从开始到现在；从开始一直 in the beginning 开始，开端；起初 5)Improve vt.改善，增进；提高的价值 vi.增加；变得更好 Eg:Your work will get by,but try to improve it.你的作业还过得去，但要努力改进。短语 improve on 改进；对加以改良 improve in 在方面有改进 to improve the environment 改善环境 improve upon vt.改进 6)Paint vt.油漆；绘画；装饰；涂色于；描绘；_ _ vi.油漆；描绘；绘画；化妆 n.油漆；颜料，涂料；绘画作品；Eg:n.They spotted the wall with green paint.他们用绿色涂料装饰墙壁。V,The boy could not paint on,because his mother wanted him to be a teacher.这男孩不能再绘画了，因为他母亲想让他成为一名教师。7)Question n.问题，疑问；询问；疑问句 vt.询问；怀疑；审问 vi.询问；怀疑；审问 Eg:N.He deliberated with them over that question.他和他们商量了那个问题。Do you realize the importance of this question?你意识到这个问题的重要性吗?problem 和 question 都有“问题”的意思，但用法却不尽相同：Iproblem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词 solve 或 settle（解决）搭配。而 question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词 ask 或 answer 连用。试比较：The problem is difficult to be solved这个问题很难解决。May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？IIproblem 可用于数学或物理的习题，而question 却无此义。question 可表示一件“与有关的事”。试比较：Can you work out this maths problem？你能算出这道数学题吗？Its a question of money time这是一个与金钱时间有关的问题。III指需要讨论或解决的问题时，problem 与 question 可以互换。We are going to talk about several problems（questions）at the meeting 我们在会上要谈到一些问题。The problem now is a lot of question to ask.现在的麻烦事就是有太多的问题要问了。8)Personal adj.个人的；身体的；亲自的 Eg:_ _ She has no personal ambition.她没有个人野心。He loved to recite his personal experiences.他喜欢述说他个人的经历。2.Phrases 1)grow up 成长，逐渐形成 Eg：All plants like to grow up towards the sunlight。所有植物都喜朝阳生长。His daughter is grown up.他的女儿已长大成人。grow up v.长大,成人,崛起 Eg:He was grew in a small village grow.vi.生长,成长,渐渐变得,增长,增高 vt.种植,栽培,培育 He grows vegetables.他种植蔬菜 2)Be sure about 对有把握；确信 Eg：You can make books,but you will never be sure about the results,they are unpredictable.你可以创作，但你无法控制结果，结果总是未知的。3)Make sure 确信；证实 Eg:Treat it that way yourself and make sure others do so as well.这种方式对待自己和他人作出一定也这样做。4)Write down 写下，记下 Eg:He wrote down every word the teacher said.他把老师讲的一字不漏地记下来。_ _ 5)Have to do with 与有关系 Eg:What does that have to do with you?那与您有什么关系吗？6)Take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)Eg:They took up arms and fought for their faith and liberty.他们拿起武器为信仰和自由而斗争。Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.对不起，我占了你这么多宝贵时间。7)Be going to do 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形。含有 be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow,next week 等。1、用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。Eg:We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排）2、表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。Eg:Look at the black clouds.Its going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测）I”m not feeling well,I”m going to be ill.我感觉不是很好，可能要生病了。（表示说话人的感觉而已）be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be 很少用原形，be随主语人称和数的变化而变化，它一般有三种形式，am,is,are。而 going to 固定不变。即：当主语是 I 时用 am；当主语是第三人称单数时用 is；当主语是其他人称时用 are。Eg:I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。She is going to see Mr.Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。含 be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法 由于句子中有助动词 be，因此 be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在 be(am,is,are)的后面_ _ 加上 not 就构成了否定句；把 be(am,is,are)放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes,主语+am/is/are./No,主语+isnt/arent./No,Im not.不过 I am.在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you.?”。eg：They are going to see the car factory next week.(肯定句)They are not going to see the car factory next week.(否定句)Are they going to see the car factory next week?Yes,they are.(No,they arent.)(一般疑问句及其回答)使用 be going to 应注意的两点:1There be 句型的 be going to 结构为：There is/are going to be.(注意句型中going to 后面的 be 不能改为 have。)常用来表示将有某事发生。eg：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。2come,go,leave,arrive 等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与 be going to 结构连用。eg：Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。They are going to the park next Friday.下星期五他们打算去公园。3.“be going to+动词原形”结构与表示将来的时间状语是否连用，在意思上有所差别。如果其后有明确的时间状语，则表示该动作或状态发生的可能性较大；反之，则表示一种推测，表示未来可能发生的事情。eg：There is going to be a film in our school this evening.今晚我们学校将有一场电影。（一定会发生）Hurry up!We are going to be late.快点！我们要迟到了。（仅表示一种推测）8)Keep on keep doing/keep on doing 1)均可表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”，可互换，只是 keep on 更加强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，及某人做某事的决心。He kept on working until midnight though he was tied._ _ 虽然他佷累了他依旧继续行进直到午夜。The boy kept/kept on asking some silly questions in class.男孩不断地在课堂上问一些傻里傻气的问题。2)若表示一连续不段的动作，或某一动作的持续状态，只宜用keep doing.She kept waving to her husband until he was out of sight.她不断的挥手直到她老公淡出视线。Keep lying here;I will be back soon.躺在这别动，我马上回来。3)若表示今后或将来继续做某事，则只宜用 keep on doing。We must keep on working hard in the coming new year.接近新年之际我们必须持续的努力工作。He kept on smoking though we advised him to stop to smoke.虽然我们都建议他不要吸烟，但他依旧不停的抽烟。9)Try ones best 尽力 Eg:Ill try my best to prepare this exam.我会尽力准备这次考试。10)Make a promise 作承诺 11)Get back a.回去,回来 When do you get back from the country?你什么时候从村里回来？b.收(或送)回 I have to get these books back to the library before it closes.在图书馆闭馆之前我必须把书还回去。c.恢复原来的状态 _ _ His only desire is to be cured and to get back to work 他唯一的愿望就是治好病然后重新工作。3.grammar 1)一般将来时(be going to)P116 2)Want to be 想成为；想要成为 Eg:We want to be quite clear on this point.关于这一点，我们想要完全弄清。I want to be a teacher when I grow up.当我长大以后，我想成为一名教师。3)职业的单词 farmer 农民 worker 工人 soldier 军人 students 学生 business people 商人 doctor医生 nun:尼姑 nurse:护士 office clerk:职员 office staff 上班族 operator:接 线 员 parachutist:跳 伞 人.personnel 职 员 pharmacist 药 剂 师photographer:摄影师 pilot:飞行员 planner:计划员 policeman:警察 postal clerk:邮政人员 postman:邮差 President:总统 priest:牧师 teacher:教师technician:技术人员 tour guide:导游 traffic warden:交通管理员.translator:翻译（笔译）TV producer:电视制作人 typist:打字员 vet:兽医 veterinarian 兽医 waiter:侍者(服务生)waitress:女侍者(服务生)welder:焊接工 writer:作家 chef:厨师 chemist:化学师 clerk:店员 clown:小丑 cobbler:制(补)鞋匠 computer programmer:程序员 construction worker:建筑工人 cook:厨师 cowboy:牛仔 customs officer:海关官员 dancer:舞者 dentist:牙科医生 designer:设计师 desk clerk:接待员 detective 侦探 doctor:医生 door-to-door salesman:推销员 driver:司机 dustman:清洁工 editor:编辑_ _ electrician:电工 engineer:工程师