高考英语语法填空之词性转换类课件.ppt

关于高考英语语法填空之词性转换类第1页，此课件共41页哦 词性转换词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考点是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到涉及到:(1)句子成分划分或句子结构分析；句子成分划分或句子结构分析；(2)各种词性的语法功能；各种词性的语法功能；(3)构词法特别是派生法构词法特别是派生法词性转换词性转换等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：第2页，此课件共41页哦考点考点1：形容：形容词词副副词词 形容形容词词后后+ly可可变变成与原来意成与原来意义义相同的副相同的副词词。直接加直接加-lyslow 慢的慢的 slowly 缓缓慢地慢地改改y为为-ilyhappy 高高兴兴的的 happily 高高兴兴地地去去e加加-lytrue 真的真的 truly 真的真的考点解密考点解密第3页，此课件共41页哦后后缀缀 例例词词后后缀缀例例词词-alindustrial national-an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable-ful careful mouthful-ish childish selfish-ive active creative-y dirty thirsty windy-en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic-some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly lovely-lesscareless harmless考点考点2：名词：名词形容词形容词(1)(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：第4页，此课件共41页哦(2)形容形容词变词变成名成名词词。如：。如：后后缀缀例例 词词-nesshappiness 幸福幸福 illness 疾病疾病-ydifficulty 困困难难 possibility 可能性可能性-ismsocialism 社会主社会主义义第5页，此课件共41页哦考点考点3：形容：形容词词动词动词(1)形容形容词词可可变变成成动词动词。如：。如：en-enrich丰富丰富 enable 使能使能够够-enwiden加加宽宽 sharpen削尖削尖shorten 缩缩短短 soften 软软化化-izeAmericanize 美国化美国化 civilize 使开化使开化modernize 现现代化代化 nationalize国有化国有化-ysimplify简简化化某些名某些名词词后加后加-y可可变变成成动词动词，表示，表示“使使化化”。如：如：beautify 美化美化第6页，此课件共41页哦(2)动词变动词变成形容成形容词词。如：。如：-ouscontinuous持持续续的的 various各种各各种各样样的的-able/ibledrinkable可可饮饮用的用的accessible可可进进入的入的-ing/edinteresting令人感令人感兴兴趣的趣的 excited兴奋兴奋的的第7页，此课件共41页哦考点考点4：动词动词名名词词后后缀缀例例 词词-anceacceptance接受接受 appearance 出出现现-encereference参考参考 existence 存在存在-alrefusal拒拒绝绝 arrival 到达到达-tiondictation听写听写 preparation 准准备备-mentargument 争争论论 judgment 判断判断第8页，此课件共41页哦考点考点5：名：名词词名名词词(人人)后后缀缀例例 词词-erteacher 教教师师 reader 读读者者officer 官官员员 farmer 农农夫夫villager 村民村民 Londoner 伦伦敦人敦人-orconductor 售票售票员员 visitor 游客游客-arbeggar 乞丐乞丐-essactress 女演女演员员 hostess 女主人女主人-eseChinese 中国人中国人Japanese 日本人日本人-ianmusician 音音乐乐家家 physician内科医生内科医生-istscientist科学家科学家 socialist社会主社会主义义者者第9页，此课件共41页哦考点考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀：不变词性的前缀和后缀前前缀缀含含 义义例例 词词dis-不，否定不，否定dissatisfy使不使不满满意意 dishonest 不不诚实诚实un-不不unable 不能不能够够 unlucky 不幸的不幸的un-相反相反动动作作undress脱衣服脱衣服 unload 卸卸货货in-im-ir-il-不，非不，非inactive 不活不活跃跃的的 incorrect 不正确的不正确的impolite不有礼貌的不有礼貌的 impossible不可能的不可能的irregular 不不规则规则的的 irresponsible不不负责负责任的任的illogical 不合不合逻辑逻辑的的 illegal 非法的非法的non-不，非不，非non-existent不存在的不存在的 non-stop 直达的直达的mis-错误错误的，坏的的，坏的misunderstand 误误解解 misfortune 厄运厄运,不幸不幸第10页，此课件共41页哦前前缀缀含含 义义例例 词词re重复，再重复，再rewrite重写重写 remarry 再婚再婚super-在上面，超在上面，超级级supermarket 超市超市 supermodel 超超级级名模名模under-在在之下之下underestimate低估低估 underground 地下的地下的inter-相互，之相互，之间间international国国际际的的 interact 相互作用相互作用semi-半半semifinal（半决（半决赛赛）semicircle 半半圆圆multi-多，多种多，多种multi-national多国的多国的 multi-coloured多种多种颜颜色的色的kilo-千千kilometer 千米千米,公里公里 kilogram 千克千克,公斤公斤tele-远远telephone 电话电话 television 电视电视a-在在上上/里里aboard 在船在船/火火车车/飞飞机上机上 ahead 在前面在前面第11页，此课件共41页哦注：注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：但但en-也改变词性，如：也改变词性，如：large大的大的-enlarge扩大，扩大，danger危险危险-endanger危及；危及；后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但但-ship也不改变词性，如：也不改变词性，如：leader领导领导-leadership领导阶层；领导阶层；friend朋友朋友-friendship友谊。友谊。第12页，此课件共41页哦要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，作该种作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构词法根据构词法将括号将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。中的词变成所需要的词类。下表归纳了各种下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念句子成分的概念、所处的、所处的语境语境和充当该和充当该句子成分句子成分的典型词类，这些是做好词语的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：解题技巧解题技巧第13页，此课件共41页哦概念描述概念描述所所处语处语境境充当的充当的词类词类主主语语讲的是什么人或讲的是什么人或什么事什么事句子最前面；在冠句子最前面；在冠词词、形容、形容词词性物性物主代主代词词，及，及some,any,other等等后后名名词词、代代词词；动动名名词词、不定式不定式或从句或从句宾语宾语动动作的作的行行为对为对象象及物及物动词动词或介或介词词之后；在冠之后；在冠词词、形、形容容词词性物主代性物主代词词，及，及some,any,other等后等后谓语谓语表示主表示主语语干什么干什么或是什么或是什么主主语语之后之后动词动词表表语语说说明主明主语语的身份、的身份、特征或状特征或状态态系系动词动词之后之后主要是形容主要是形容词词；某些名某些名词词；个个别别副副词词补语补语补补充充说说明明宾语宾语或或主主语语在在宾语宾语之后；或在被之后；或在被动动式式谓语谓语之后之后定定语语修修饰饰和限定名和限定名词词或代或代词词名名词词之前，之前，something等代等代词词之后之后形容形容词词状状语语修修饰动词饰动词、形容、形容词词、副、副词词，或，或整个句子整个句子动词动词前后；形容前后；形容词词或副或副词词之前；句之前；句首首副副词词第14页，此课件共41页哦根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：式。具体方法有：技巧技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。形式。Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.解析：因在系动词解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，后作表语，用形容词，故填故填silent。Ina_(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填语，故填dangerous。考点分析考点分析第15页，此课件共41页哦Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语解析：因所填词在句中作宾语mostoftheirstudents的补足语，用形容词；表示的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的感兴趣的”，填，填interested。考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析第16页，此课件共41页哦1.Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely_(person)viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.2.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect,my_(immediately)reactionwillbetotellthepolice.personal immediate 巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习第17页，此课件共41页哦技巧技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，词后作宾语，用名词形式用名词形式；在形；在形容词性物主代词后，或者在容词性物主代词后，或者在”冠词冠词(+形容词形容词)”后，后，用名词形式。要用名词形式。要注意名词注意名词是否用复数是否用复数形式。如：形式。如：考点分析考点分析第18页，此课件共41页哦1.Alwaysreadthe_(instruct)onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.2.Onthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopular_(choose)foraweddinginsomecountries.3.Wetake_(proud)intheprosperityofourcountry.instructions choice pride 巩固练习巩固练习第19页，此课件共41页哦4.theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir_(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.5.instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith_(inform)inthereadingsimilarities information 巩固练习巩固练习第20页，此课件共41页哦技巧技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：1Volunteeringisbecoming_(increase)popularinChina.2Iwasntblaminganyone;I_(mere)saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.increasingly merely 考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析第21页，此课件共41页哦3.Theislandis_(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.4.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill_(final)taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?equally finally 巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习第22页，此课件共41页哦技巧技巧4：括号中所给词有可能是要：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词的派生词，需根据句子意思及前，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-等，在词根后加等，在词根后加-less等。等。如：考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析第23页，此课件共41页哦1.Withthetimegoingby,hewasincreasingconcernedthathisaimwas_(hope)toachieve.2._(fortunate),whenhehurriedtothestation,hefoundthetrainhadleftfiveminutes.hopeless Unfortunately巩固练习巩固练习第24页，此课件共41页哦技巧技巧5：括号中所给：括号中所给动词动词也不一也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其容词或副词，有可能是考查其比比较等级较等级。如：。如：考点分析考点分析第25页，此课件共41页哦1therewasalotofinformationaboutthecityswell-knowntourist_(attract)2TheotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecouldHejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.3.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen_(popular).more popularattractions harder 巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习巩固练习第26页，此课件共41页哦4.Stormswhichproducedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexicosborderwithTexasonFriday,destroyinghomesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The_(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.worst 巩固练习巩固练习第27页，此课件共41页哦综合练习：综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空综合练习综合练习综合练习综合练习第28页，此课件共41页哦语篇填空语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A)A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_(month)bills when his young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old,Im going to give you 55 kisses,one for each year!”But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,dont do it now;Im too busy!”monthly 综合练习综合练习第29页，此课件共41页哦 The youngster immediately fell 2_(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.3_(apology)the father said,“You can finish later.”The boy said nothing but 4_(quiet)walked away,5_(disappoint)written over his face.That evening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Andrew!”But the boy didnt respond.6_(fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote.silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately 第30页，此课件共41页哦 “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_(thought)words,and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”Love is a two-way street.Any loving act must be 8_(warm)accepted or it will be taken as 9_(reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10_(importance)than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.Because.there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的第31页，此课件共41页哦(B)The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds greatest 1_(celebrate)of the arts.The 2_(found)of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art)in the world,that the Festival should enliven(使活跃使活跃)and 4_(rich)the cultural life of Europe,Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich 综合练习综合练习综合练习综合练习第32页，此课件共41页哦 The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance)over the years,yet the founders 6_(origin)intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original 第33页，此课件共41页哦Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City.It is the huge range and number of artistic events,7_(perform)and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget).It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss).This is 10_(evitable可以避免的可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival.performances unforgettable missing inevitable 第34页，此课件共41页哦The_(die)ofcomposerWolfgangAmadeusMozartattheageof35mayhavebeencausedbycomplicationsstemmingfromstrepthroat,accordingtoaDutchstudypublishedonMonday.Sincethe_(compose)deathin1791,therehavebeen_(vary)theoriesaboutthecauseofhis_(time)end,fromintentionalpoisoning,torheumaticfever,totrichinosis,aparasiticdiseasecausedbyeatingraworundercookedpork.death composers various untimely(C)第35页，此课件共41页哦Onhisdeathcertificateitwas_(office)recordedthatthecauseofdeathwasHitzigesFrieselfieber,or“heatedmilitaryfever,”referringtoarashthatlookslikemillet(粟粟)seeds.But_(research)fromtheUniversityofAmsterdamintheNetherlandssaid_(study)onhisdeathhave_(general)beenbasedonless-than-reliableevidence,likeaccountsfrompeoplewhowitnessedMozartsfinaldays,writtendecadesafterhisdeath.officiallyresearchers studies generally 第36页，此课件共41页哦Theirnewstudy,reportedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicine,wasbasedoninformationfrom_(office)deathregistersforViennainthewinterof1791thatplacesMozartsdeathina_(wide)context.HediedinVienna.official wider 第37页，此课件共41页哦Besides,能力要求能力要求1、理解语篇的能力；、理解语篇的能力；2、分析句子结构的能力；、分析句子结构的能力；3、熟练运用语法的能力；、熟练运用语法的能力；4、单词拼写能力。、单词拼写能力。(注意三写：注意三写：拼写、书写、大小写拼写、书写、大小写)总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升第38页，此课件共41页哦Moreimportantly,态度要求态度要求不断记忆，积累词汇不断记忆，积累词汇夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法大声朗读，培养语感大声朗读，培养语感坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习 总结提升总结提升今天的涨分攻略你听懂了吗？今天的涨分攻略你听懂了吗？第39页，此课件共41页哦Intheend,我想说我想说听懂容易，听懂容易，坚持不易，坚持不易，且练且努力！且练且努力！结束语结束语第40页，此课件共41页哦感谢大家观看第41页，此课件共41页哦