高一英语主动形式表被动意义课件.ppt

高一英语主动形式表被动意义第1页，此课件共97页哦常见的这类常见的这类underunder短语还有：underattack在进攻中，在进攻中，underarrestunderarrest在关押中，在关押中，underconsideration在考虑中，underconstructionunderconstruction在建设中，在建设中，undercontactundercontact在联系中，在联系中，underdiscussion在讨论中，underexamination在审查中，在审查中，underinvestigation在调查中，underrepairunderrepair在修理中，在修理中，underreviewunderreview在审议中在审议中underundertreatmenttreatment在医治中，在医治中，undertrial在受审中在受审中还有一些介词，如还有一些介词，如in,on,for,above,beyond,past,outof,within等，也可以构成表示动作的介词短语。如：等，也可以构成表示动作的介词短语。如：ThewriterhasfinishedwritinghisnovelbutitisnotyetinThewriterhasfinishedwritinghisnovelbutitisnotyetinprint.(=beingprinted)print.(=beingprinted)GrapesfromXinJiangareonsale.GrapesfromXinJiangareonsale.Hisvirtueisaboveallpraise.(=cantbepraisedcompletely)第2页，此课件共97页哦 ThefellowsinsolenceThefellowsinsolence傲慢傲慢isbeyondendurance.(=cantbeendured)Hiscarwasoutofcontrol.(=couldnotbeHiscarwasoutofcontrol.(=couldnotbecontrolled)controlled)Thepainwasalmostpastbearing.(=couldntbeThepainwasalmostpastbearing.(=couldntbeborne)borne)Thecityisalreadywithinsight.(=canbeseenalready)二、主动形式被动意义二、主动形式被动意义初学被动语态不少同学常将应该用主动形式的句子错用为被动形式。请看如下句子和两道高考题：第3页，此课件共97页哦1.Thoseprogrammesareusuallyeasytoreceiveandnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theywerestilldifficulttoreadandwereveryheavytocarry.3.Thesickwomanneeds_(MET882)A.LookingafterB.tobelookingafterC.tolookafterD.beinglookedafter4.Wethinkthefilmis_(MET851)A.worthtoseeB.worthyofseeingC.worthseeingD.worthytosee第4页，此课件共97页哦(一)不定式主动形式表被动意义1.当不定式用在作表语的形容词后，在句中作状语，而句中的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，通常用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。如上述句1句2。能带主动语态的不定式而表达被动意义的形容词常见的有：easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、bitter、dangerous、light、fit、interesting、important、expensive、comfortable、pleasant、impossible等。其句型为S+linkv+adj.+infinitive(主动语态)，类似这种貌似主动实为被动的系表结构的又如以下例句。第5页，此课件共97页哦Habitsareeasytomakebuthardtobreak.(Habits是tomake、tobreak的逻辑宾语)。Thewaterisfittodrink.Thepictureispleasanttolookat.2.2.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语时。例如：Mathildeonlyhasasmallcoldroomtolivein.(Mathilde是tolivein的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)Heboughtsomemagazinestoread.(HeHeboughtsomemagazinestoread.(He是是toreadtoread的逻辑主语)第6页，此课件共97页哦3.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是及物动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时。例如：Motheralwaysgivesherlittledaughtersomepicturebookstoread.(Herlittledaughter是toread的逻辑主语)Theteachergavethestudentssomepapertowriteon.(Thestudents是towriteon的逻辑主语)第7页，此课件共97页哦4.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是“therebe.”结构句中的主语时(此处用主动或被动式，一般说来无意义上的不同)。例如：Therearemanyproblemstoworkout.(tobeworkedout)(二二)在动词在动词want、need、requirerequire等后面常用动名词表示被等后面常用动名词表示被动含义，等于不定式的被动形式。再如：动含义，等于不定式的被动形式。再如：Thebikeneeds(wants)repairing(=toberepaired).Thebikeneeds(wants)repairing(=toberepaired).自行车需要修理了。自行车需要修理了。(三三)worth后跟动名词主动形式表示被动，但是不跟不定式的被动。再如：ThisnoveliswellworthreadingThisnoveliswellworthreading。这本小说很值得阅读。第8页，此课件共97页哦(四)有些动词不及物动词，只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。如：1.takeplace、happen、breakout等。Abigfirehappened/tookplace/brokeoutlastnight.2.感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被意思。请看：Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.3.write3.write、readread、sellsell、keepkeep、proveprove、weighweigh、numbernumber、drinkdrink、wearwear、paypay、washwash、openopen常用主动形式表被动意义常用主动形式表被动意义.请看下面句子：请看下面句子：TheThebooksellswell.booksellswell.Thedoorwillnotopen.Thedoorwillnotopen.Thisdresswashesbetter.Thisdresswashesbetter.Thesignreadsasfollows.Thesignreadsasfollows.第9页，此课件共97页哦状语从句1。时间状语从句引导词：when,while,as;before,after,till/until,since;once,assoonas;bythetime;nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen;each/everytime;whenever/nomatterwhen.1.1.几个较陌生的状语从句的用法：几个较陌生的状语从句的用法：before:before:Itis/was(not)+Itis/was(not)+时时+before+before+从句从句.“.“久以后才，没过多久就久以后才，没过多久就Itwaslong/oneyearbeforeshecame.Itwaslong/oneyearbeforeshecame.ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.Itwillbe4yearsbeforehegraduates.Itwillbe4yearsbeforehegraduates.第10页，此课件共97页哦让步状语从句As,though,although;evenif,eventhough;nomatterwhat,whatever.1.as,though引导的从句的倒装：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.Boyasheis,heknowsalot.Much as I like it,I cant but take it.Fast as you run,you cant catch up with him.Tryashedoes,shewillneverfindit.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnosignoftheboy.1 1。a./n.+as+a./n.+as+主主+be,+be,2 2。Adv.+as+Adv.+as+主主+v.+v.3 3。实动。实动+as+as+主主+助动助动第11页，此课件共97页哦Evenif,eventhough有时用虚拟语气EvenifIwerebusy,Iwouldgo.(事实上不忙)EvenifIambusy,Iwillgo.(事实上忙)Evenif,eventhough从句的虚拟语气用过去完成时，一般过去时表过去，现在，将来。No matter wh-只引导状语从句只引导状语从句Wh-ever可引导状语从句，亦可引导名词性从句。可引导状语从句，亦可引导名词性从句。第12页，此课件共97页哦比较状语从句1。Nomorethan只不过（嫌少）notmorethan不多于（客观说明）Ivenomorethan100yuanonme.(仅仅)Ivenotmorethan100yuanonme.（不多于）Thebookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.（一样都不）Thewhaleisnotmoreafishthanahorseis.鲸不是鱼，正如马不是鱼一样。第13页，此课件共97页哦表倍数的句型1数词+times/half/quarter等+asas:Thebookishalfasthickasthatone.2times/half+名名/代代+of+B:+of+B:The age of my grandpa is 3 times the age/that of mine.The age of my grandpa is 3 times the age/that of mine.3times/half+比较级比较级+than.The hole is 3 times deeper than that one.The hole is 4 times as deep as that one.The hole is 4 times the depth of that one.第14页，此课件共97页哦冠词冠词的本质在于：说话人认为听话者对某事物是否确知。强调听话人所取的态度。Imetanoldmanonmywayhere.ThebookIlostwasfoundunderthedesk.1.不定冠词的位置：a/an一般放在名词短语的最前端，但有例外：1 1）。名词短语中有）。名词短语中有so,as,how,too+so,as,how,too+形容词：冠词在此结构之后：形容词：冠词在此结构之后：Iveneverseensocleverachild.ItwasaspleasantadayasIveeverspent.Sheistookindagirltorefuse.Sheistookindagirltorefuse.Itwashowseriousaproblemtorefuse.Itwashowseriousaproblemtorefuse.第15页，此课件共97页哦2)名词短语中含有such,what时：a+形+名：Ivehadsuchagoodday.WhatastrangeLondontheysaw.3）quite,rather+a+形形+名：名：Ive had quite a good nap/I have rather a busy afternoon in front of me.注：注：quite,rather 修饰可分等级的形容词或副词时，修饰可分等级的形容词或副词时，二词都可使用，但意义有区别：二词都可使用，但意义有区别：quite降低了程度，降低了程度，rather提高了程度：提高了程度：Its quite good,but it could be better.-How is the film?-Rather good.第16页，此课件共97页哦当修饰不分等级的形容词或副词时（right,perfect,impossible,empty等）时，quite意为“非常，十分，很”，不可用rather来代替。Hisspeechisquiteperfect.Thetwobrothersarequitedifferentincharacter.4)表头衔，称号，职称(不是职业)的名词前不加冠词，特别是作表语或as的介宾表独一无二的头衔时：HesucceededPattonascommanderinchief.MaybeIcanactasspokesman.第17页，此课件共97页哦Sheservedasamodelforthecompany.Hehadnosuccessasateacher.在elect,turn之后，概不用冠词：Heturnedprofessoryearslater.BushwaselectedPresentoftheUSA.5).a/an+最高级Thisisamostusefulbook.Hetoldmeamostamusingstory.Most在这是强化语，相当于very,extremely.注意：most+形+pl.时，most是最高级还是强化语？第18页，此课件共97页哦Shewasmostrudetome.Youaremostconvincing(具有说服力的).Theyaremosthardworkingstudents.Herearesomemostdifferentcharacteristics.另：mostly主要地，大部分地：Studentsbelow7mostlyusepencilstowritewith.第19页，此课件共97页哦1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake2._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added分词作状语分词作状语分词作状语分词作状语第20页，此课件共97页哦4.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied第21页，此课件共97页哦5)-ing分词做状语：-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。-ing分词短语作时间状语，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：他一边看书，一边不时地点头。While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.第22页，此课件共97页哦-ing分词短语作原因状语，Not knowing his address,I cant send this book to him.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。Many of us,being so excited,couldnt go to sleep that night.ing分词短语作结果状语。如：His father died,leaving him a lot of money.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.第23页，此课件共97页哦-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前、后、中，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。Following the old man,the young people started walking slowly.第24页，此课件共97页哦-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。第25页，此课件共97页哦“with/without+n.(宾格)+-ing”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。His hair became grey with the years passing.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.第26页，此课件共97页哦高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：mind suggest enjoy admit appreciate avoid delay dislike escape finish forgive imagine keep miss practiserisk consider第27页，此课件共97页哦常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing或名词。admit to承认 contribute to捐助、贡献get down to着手做 give way to让位于keep to 坚持、遵守 lead to 导致look forward to期待 turn to 求助于 stick to坚持 be equal to 胜任的、等于 point to指向、表明 see to 注意、处理 be used to 习惯于 devote oneself to 献身于 be familiar to 为熟悉 第28页，此课件共97页哦高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）,judging from（根据来判断）,considering（考虑到）,talking of（谈到，提到）等，从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。Judging from his accent,he must come from Canada.考虑到他是如此可爱，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。Considering how poor he was,we decided to let him attend the concert for free.第29页，此课件共97页哦第30页，此课件共97页哦1.Icannotunderstand_suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveupB.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingupD.hisbeinggivenup2.JanessummervacationinEnglandledto_anEnglishman.A.hermarryB.hertomarryC.herbeingmarriedD.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_atelegram?A.trytohavesentB.tryingtosendC.totrytosendD.trysending5.Thereisnochance_himtoday.A.inseeingB.toseeingC.ofseeingD.aboutseeing第31页，此课件共97页哦6.Iknowyoulike_.Wouldyoulike_withmenow?A.toswim,toswimB.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimming7.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using8.Togiveup_means_.A.smoking,stoppingsmokingB.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.readingC.tobereadD.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“_mynewbike.”A.LostB.BecauseoflosingC.SinceIlostD.Losing第32页，此课件共97页哦11.Istillremember_toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignersusedto_ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,driveB.drive,driveC.drive,drivingD.driving,driving13.Heremained_there,forhegrew_inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interestingB.staying,interestedC.tostay,interestD.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_.A.beingunderstoodB.tobeunderstoodC.understandD.understood15._moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_oursurroundings.A.Toplant,polluteB.Planting,topolluteC.Plant,pollutingD.Planting,polluting第33页，此课件共97页哦16.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_.”A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.”“Thatsallright.”A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened_whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberainingB.tohaverainedC.torainD.raining第34页，此课件共97页哦21._moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas_,soweallfelt_.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following24._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen25.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse_afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell_careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking第35页，此课件共97页哦26.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet_onthegroundonthewayhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset_whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing27._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving28._hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting_then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld29._buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes30.Onhearingthe_news,Iwastoo_tosleep.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited;excited第36页，此课件共97页哦Grammar:Non-infinitiveusedasadverbial分词作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步的行为方式，伴随状况等。1。主语其逻辑必须与句子的主语一致主语其逻辑必须与句子的主语一致。2。当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不同时，当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不同时，分词要有自己的主语。分词要有自己的主语。3。结构四种结构四种 doing（主动主动）/done（被动被动）having done（主动主动/having been done（被动被动）第37页，此课件共97页哦例如Being a student,I must study hard.Since Im a student,I mustWhile reading the book,he nodded from time to time.While he was reading the book,henodded第38页，此课件共97页哦Not knowing much English,I found it hard to understand him.Because I didnt know much English,I Not having received his letter,I wrote another one.As I had not received his letter,I wroteTime permitting,I will finish another lesson.If time permits,I willTime permitting,分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构.第39页，此课件共97页哦Written carefully,your composition is still full of mistakes.Though it has been written carefully,your compositionMy car being repaired,I had to take a taxi.Because my car was being repaired,I had to第40页，此课件共97页哦All the things considered,his proposal is of greater value than yours.If All the things are considered,his proposal is of greater value than yours.The old man sits in his garden,thinking about his past.Every day the old man sits in his garden and thinks about his past.第41页，此课件共97页哦不定式通常用作目的,结果,原因状语.Aspecialmeetingwascalledtoelectanewchairman.Infinitiveusedasadverbial常用 in order to;so as to 引导目的状语.SomeshopsinEnglandhavelonghoursbeforeChristmasinordertoattractcustomers第42页，此课件共97页哦Heopenedthedooronlytofindthathishousehadbeenbrokeninto.不定式作结果状语常用于tooto;enoughto;soasto句型.Would you be so kind astocarry this bag for me?This passage is too long for me tolearn by heart.Would you be kind enoughtoshut the door?第43页，此课件共97页哦不定式作原因状语常见于系表结构句型,表示人的情绪的形容词后边.Maryisalwayspleasedtobeinvitedtosingattheparty.Iamsogladtohaveanopportunitytoworkwithyou.Shefeltsadtohavelostsuchagoodjob.Hewassurprisedtoseethateverythinginhisroomwasgone.第44页，此课件共97页哦Exercises:1._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2._fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewhetherhegoes.A.SufferedBSufferingCHavingsufferedDBeingsufferedCC第45页，此课件共97页哦3.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make4._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.TurnAD第46页，此课件共97页哦5.3.Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving invited(03上春上春)6.2.It s a pay day and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid7.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lo