高中名词性从句讲解及练习.ppt
English Grammar名词性从句名词性从句 名名词词性性从从句句是是由由if,whether,that 和和各各种种疑疑问问词词充充当当连连接接词词所所引引导导的的从从句句,其其功功能能同同名名词词一样。一样。广东实验中学广东实验中学 蔡老师蔡老师 一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当主主语语的的从从句句,通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替,而而本本身身放放在在句句子子末尾。末尾。1.1.1.1.It It It It 作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和itititit引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句,主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构,主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变变化化。而而it引引导导的的强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调,无无论论强强调调的的是是什什么么成成分分,都都可可用用连连词词that。被被强强调调部部分分指指人人是也可用是也可用who/whom。例如:例如:真可惜你没有去看电影。真可惜你没有去看电影。你成功与否我不感兴趣。你成功与否我不感兴趣。谋杀是在早上发生的。谋杀是在早上发生的。是是John打烂了窗户。打烂了窗户。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2.2.2.2.用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是 It is no wonder that难怪难怪(3)It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 好象好象 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 3.3.3.3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:据说江主席下周要访问我们的学校。据说江主席下周要访问我们的学校。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(3)It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:他突然意识到他被骗了。他突然意识到他被骗了。It occurred to him that he was cheated.(4)It doesnt matter how/whether 结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提提前前。例如:例如:他是对是错不重要。他是对是错不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:晚上可能下雨吗?晚上可能下雨吗?Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?4.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成分成分,如主语宾语表语,而,如主语宾语表语,而that 则不然。例如:则不然。例如:1)_ you said yesterday is right.2)_ she is still alive is a relief.WhatThat 二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句,通通常常放放在在主主句句谓语动词谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语,作介词的宾语,例如:例如:我们的成功取决于我们相互合作有多好。我们的成功取决于我们相互合作有多好。Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3.作形容词的宾语,作形容词的宾语,例如:例如:I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.注意:注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content 等。等。也可以将此类词后的也可以将此类词后的that 从从句的看作原因状语从句。句的看作原因状语从句。这父亲感到很羞愧他的儿子偷了邻居家的自行车。这父亲感到很羞愧他的儿子偷了邻居家的自行车。The father felt ashamed that his son stole his neighbours bike.4.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语,还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:例如:我们听人说她下月要结婚。我们听人说她下月要结婚。We heard it said that she would get married next month.5.后边不能直接跟后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词从句的动词 这这类类动动词词有有allow,let,like,cause,force,admire,celebrate,dislike,love,help,make,forgive等等。这这类类词词后后可可以以用用不不定定式式或或动动名名词作宾语,但不可以用词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:引导的宾语从句。如:我们佩服他们赢得了比赛。我们佩服他们赢得了比赛。I admire their winning the match.请原谅我没有按时完成工作。请原谅我没有按时完成工作。please forgive my not finishing work on time.工厂允许工人每周休息两天。工厂允许工人每周休息两天。The factory allows its workers to rest for two a week.父母亲们不喜欢孩子天天上网玩游戏。父母亲们不喜欢孩子天天上网玩游戏。Parents dont like their childrens playing games online every day.互联网使人们能够随时互相交流。互联网使人们能够随时互相交流。The Internet makes it possible for people to communicate with each at any time.6.否定的转移否定的转移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect 等等,其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义,一一般般要要把把否否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont think this dress fits you well.三表语从句三表语从句 表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句,放放在在系系动动词词之之后后,一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be,look,remain,seem等等。另另外,常用的还有外,常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。等结构。1)问题是我们能否在这么短的时间里做好准备。问题是我们能否在这么短的时间里做好准备。The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)这就是为什么我们不能得到人们的支持。这就是为什么我们不能得到人们的支持。This is why we cant get the support of the people.3)他迟到的原因是因为他错过了早班车。他迟到的原因是因为他错过了早班车。The reason why he was late for school was that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句四同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同同位位语语从从句句对对于于名名词词进进一一步步解解释释,说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容,一一般般由由that引导,例如:引导,例如:1)国王要释放这个犯人的国王要释放这个犯人的决定决定使所有人感到惊讶。使所有人感到惊讶。The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)所有士兵保持不动的所有士兵保持不动的命令命令是将军发出的。是将军发出的。The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同同位位语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在它它所所说说明明的的名名词词后后面面,而而是是被被别别的的词隔开。例如:词隔开。例如:他从他从Mary那里得到运动会被推迟的那里得到运动会被推迟的消息消息。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词,同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分(主主语语或或宾宾语语),而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的,其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词,对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定,描描述述定定的的性性质质或或特特征征;同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1)他告诉我的消息他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。是汤姆明年将出国。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)汤姆将出国的消息汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。是他讲的。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways.A.we must develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A.my pictures would surprise them B.my pictures surprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the last bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates.A.and B.that C.was D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had gone