鲁教版八年级上册重点知识汇总(共28页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1    Will people have robots?重难1. use  (1)be used to do sth  被用来做 如：A knife is used to cut something.(2)Its no use doing sth 使没有用。在做动词时“使用”“应用”的意思。后面常用句型be used to +名词(动名词)表示“习惯于”；used to do sth 表示“过去常常做某事”。如：He is used to hard work. But I was used to driving in all kind of weather. I used to go to my office on foot.在否定和疑问句中有两种做法，提前或者在后面直接加not，也可借助动词。2. less   是little的比较级，接不可数名词，最高级是 leastfewer   是few的比较级，后接可数名词，最高级是 fewest3. pollution污染，不可数名词。表示“空气/噪音污染”要用air/noise pollution。如：there is a lot of pollution in the air here.4. building，建筑物，可数名词，其动词形式是build(built, built)。如：There is a tall/high building in our school.5. rocket 名词，意思是“火箭”，a carrier rocket 运载火箭，a step rocket多级火箭。6. space空间，空处，可数名词。如：There is a space of 46inches wide between the to bookcases.The road is bad for a space of two miles. 这段路有两英里坏了。We need more spaces to set up it.  我们需要更多的空间来建它。Is there any space left? 还有地方吗？     当作“太空”讲时是不可数名词。如：space station  太空站   /space ship 太空船 /space suit 宇航服7. fly: v. 飞，常用于以下词组中： fly over飞过去；fly to飞往。 fly也可以作名词，意思是“苍蝇”。8. fall  (fell) 一般是不及物动词，主语可以是人也可以是物 常用于以下词组中：fall asleep入睡；fall ill生病；fall off 跌落，掉下；fall over 向前摔倒。9. alone: adj.单独的，独自的，在句子中只做表语。如：Her parents were dead and she was alone.    与alone词义相近的还有lonely。alone 表示“没有别的人”，lonely 表示一种心理状态，意为“孤独，寂寞”，指因缺少朋友而产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。10. probably: adv. 可能，大概。 (辩) maybe，perhaps 基本相同，前者多用于口语, probably是很可能的意思，可能性比前两者大。11. suit: n. 套。a suit of clothes 一套衣服。12. be able to  (辩) be able to和 can  这两个词意思相近，但be able to 有更多的时态变化，还可以用于不定式或动名词短语中。如：I d like to be able to stay here.can 的过去式是could，表示一般的能力，通过一定的训练才具有的能力用be able to。再有，be able to的主语一定是有生命的名词。13. even  even if=though。even通常放在语气要加强的词或短语之前，后面可以用比较级14. on computers 表示通过电脑做事15. in future表示“从今以后”，指从现在算起今后的情况，可于from now on换用in the future 通常指在将来的某个时候，指离现在较远的将来的某时 /for the future 为未来16. in+一段时间， 表示将来，与将来时连用。 In 100 years 在一百年后。17. live to be 活到，后接名词或形容词。如：She lived to be a hundred.live to do 活到可以做，后接名词或代词。如：He can live to see his granddaughter grow up.      18. fall in love with 强调爱上这一动作，是瞬间动词词组，不能与表示一段的时间连用 be in love with 表示相爱这一状态，可与一段时间连用。fall为系动词。19. might: 情态动词，并非may的过去式，而是用作may的替换词，表示可能性不大，这样使用时might即可表示现在的时间，也可以表示将来的时间。20. predict (prediction) 预言predicting the future 是动名词短语，在句中做主语，动名词是由“动词原形+ing”构成的，使用时有双重性，一方面有动词的特性，可以有自己的状语和宾语，另一方面又有名词，形容词的特征，可以在句中作主语，表语，定语等。21. however，用作副词，表示“然而”，可用于句首或句中。用于中间时，后面经常用逗号隔开。how ever分开写主要用于疑问句中，表示加强语气。22. already一般用于肯定句中。否定句用yet，用于完成时态。23. simple: adj. (simply, adv.)  simple 表达由于内容并不复杂,因而轻易便作到“能够理解”“使用”，反义词是复杂的complex。easy表达不用费力便能做到“能够理解”。24. such    such a good book = so good a bookbored: adj. 厌烦的。常用于词组sb be bored, sth be boring25. possible其反义词为impossible。常用于词组as .as possible。26. seem好象，似乎。seem + to do (be)，好象。如：He seems to like his new book.seem + adj。如： It seems good for you.seem to be doing sth/seem like27. happen = take place，词组happen to +n/pron表示“偶然发生某事”，后者是事先计划好而发生，没有偶然的意思。一、重点、难点、考点详解1、Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes? do you think 你认为， 通常用来询问对方的看法。后面常接宾语从句。如do you think 用在句中，则为插入语，常放在特殊疑问词之后，结构为：疑问词+do you think + 主语+谓语+其他成分。如：Do you think he will come back tomorrow?What time do you think the train will arrive here? in peoples homes 在人们家里。此时，home 作名词，家，相当于house; 注意：home 还可以用作副词，回家、在家。如：He didnt leave home until he was 21.I am going home now. See you tomorrow.辨析：home, family, house.home 家（乡），指家人共同居住的地方，侧重强调家庭的氛围。如：I regard Beijing as my second home.family 家（庭），指一家人或家庭成员，侧重强调人，与房子或其他无关。如：My family are watching TV now.house 房（屋），指人所居住的地方，侧重于建筑物，包括院子等等。如：We will move to a new house next week.2、Everything will be free. everything pron. 每件事物，属于不定代词。注意：做主语时，谓语用单数；当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词后置。如：I hope everything goes well.He loves everything new.常见的不定代词有：something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, etc. free adj. 自由的、空闲的， 相当于 have time; 免费的、免税的。如：Are you free today?Buy one, one free!【典型例题】-Is _ ready for the journey?-No, we havent got a camera. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing3、Books will only be on computers, not on paper. on computers / paper 用电脑/ 纸， 介词on 表示“借助或通过某种方式”，类似的用法还有：on TV 在电视里； on the phone 在电话中； on the radio 在收音机里； on the Internet 在网上。 paper n. 纸、纸张，不可数名词，一张纸表示为：a piece of paper; 当paper 作试卷、论文讲时，是可数名词。如：Please pass me three pieces of paper.The history paper is really easy.【典型例题】Please pass me two _A. pieces of paper B. pieces of papersC. pieces paper D. piece paperI think kids will stay at home _ computers _ the future.A. on, at B. in, in C. on, in D. at, in 4、people will live to be 200 years old.live to be +基数词+ years old 活到.岁。如：I want to live to be 100 years old.Can pandas live to be fifty years old?注意：熟记一下与live有关的短语。live on sth. 以.为生。live by doing sth. 靠做.为生。live in + 地点。住在某地。live a quite life 过着平静的生活。live on the fourth floor. 住四楼。5、Will people use money in 100 years? use 作动词，利用、使用。如：May I use your ruler?use 做名词，用处、作用，常用语一下结构：Its no use doing sth. 做某事没有用。 make (good) use of （充分）利用某物。如：Its no use arguing with her, because he wont listen.We should make good use of time. in 100 years 在100年以后。in +时间段表示：在一段时间以后，常与一般将来时连用。对之提问常用how often。如：How soon will she come back?In a week.辨析：in，after与laterin 后加时间段，以现在时间为起点，表示从现在起之后的一段时间，句中用一般将来时。如：My mother will return in a month.after 后即可以加时间段也可以加时间点。如果after后接一段时间，常以过去的时间为起点，句中常用过去时；如after 后接时间点，表示某一时间为起点的若干时间之后，也可以用于将来时。如：He came back to school after two weeks.I think that they will arrive there after five oclock.later 前加时间段，表示若干时间之后，常用于过去时。如：He went back to this city eight years later.=He went back to this city after eight years.【典型例题】The students will go back to school in two days (画线部分提问)_ _ _ the students _back to school?6、There will be more/less/fewer pollution. fewer 更少的。修饰可数名词复数。如：He has fewer friends in this school. less 更少的。修饰不可数名词。如：There will be less pollution.辨析：few, a few, little, a little.few 指没有多少，表否定，后接复数可数名词。如：I am afraid I know few words of French.a few 指少数几个，而非很多，表肯定，后接复数可数名词。如：There are a few students in the classroom.little 指很少，几乎没有，表否定，后接不可数名词。如：Unfortunately he now had little money left.a little 指一点，有点儿，表肯定，后接不可数名词。如：I need a little help to move these books. pollution n. 污染（物），不可数名词。对应的动词为pollute，污染、弄脏。如：There is a lot of pollution in the air here.This is a polluted river.【典型例题】I have more apples than Lucy. （改为同义句）Lucy _ _ apples than I 7、Cities will be very big and crowed.crowed adj. 拥挤的，常用于词组 be crowded with 挤满了。对应的crowd可以作名词，表示：人群，也可以作动词，表示聚集。如：The supermarket was crowded with customers.He pushed his way through the crowd.Supporters crowded the stadium.8、I will live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. go to + 地点 去某地，类似的结构还有：fly to 飞往. move to 搬到come to 来到 walk to 步行去.drive （a car ）to 开车去. ride （a bike）to 骑车去.注意：此类动词如果后面接的是地点副词则去掉to ， 如go home/there等。如果是名词则带to，如：go to school 等。 fall in love with 喜欢、爱上.。如：She saw the doll and fell in love with it.拓展：记忆与fall 有个的短语a).fall down 跌落、掉落。 b). fall off 从.掉下c).fall ill 病了 d).fall behind 落后，落后于（某人或某物）e).fall over 跌倒，绊倒 f).fall into 落入、陷入。9、Because I dont like living alone. alone 单独的，独自一人，相单于by oneself，在句中常作表语，不做定语。此外，alone还可以做副词，表示仅仅，只有，用语名词或代词之后。如：She is alone at home.He went to hang out alone.You alone can help me in the work.辨析：alone 与 lonely.alone 表示“单独一人，无人相伴：如：This job is too big for me to do alone.lonely 只能做形容词，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，带有强烈的感情色彩；此外，还可以表示“荒凉多、偏僻的”，常作定语。如：Though the old man is alone, he doesnt feel lonely.My grandfather used to live in a lonely village.10、I might even keep a pet parrot.keep a pet 养宠物 keep 在此处为“养、饲养”。如：In china, many peasants keep cattle.注意keep 的其他用法：keep 表示继续处于某种状态、地位，保持，后常接形容词做表语。如：In the library, we need to keep quite.keep sb. from doing sth. 表示阻止某人做某事，相当于stop sb. from doing sth. 如：The noise outside kept me from sleeping.11、I will be able to dress more carefully. able 能干的、有能力的，常用于结构be able to do sth. 如：My uncle is an able teacherShe is able to swim=She can swim辨析：can 与 be able tocan 与 be able to 都表示能够，其区别如下：can 是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，只能用于现在时和过去时中。如：She couldnt ride the bike at the age of four.be able to 除用于现在时和过去时外，还可以用语将来时、完成时等多种时态，也可以用于情态动词，不定式之后。在过去的场合中，还可以表示经过努力而做到某事。如：Will you be able to come tonight?I hope to be able to go skating with you next week.He studied hard and was able to pass the exam. dress 穿衣，带宾语只能是人，而不是衣服。常用于一下结构：dress oneself 给自己穿衣服，be dressed in 穿着.， dress up 化妆打扮。如：He could dress himself when he was three.She was dressed in a red coat.此外，dress 还可以作名词，表示 连衣裙，女服。如：She wore a long white dress last night.辨析：dress, put on, wear, and have onput on 强调穿的动作，宾语是物，如：He put on his coat and went out.dress 既可以表动作也可以标状态，但带宾语时只能是物。如： She dressed quickly.She was dressed in red.wear 强调穿的状态，以物为宾语，可以用于进行时。如：He was wearing run glasses.have on 强调穿的状态，以物为宾语，不用进行时。如：She always has a miniskirt on.【典型例题】Work hard, and then you will _ learn English well. A. can B. able to C. be able to D. are able to -Can you _ the kids while I make breakfast- All right, I will do it right now.A. put on B. wear C. dress D. be in12、there are many famous predictions that never came true. prediction n. 预言，可数名词，对应的动词为predict 预测、预言。如：I find it very difficult to make a prediction.The report predicts that this kind of animal will be extinct in 20 years. come true 实现、变为现实，主语常常是理想，愿望等。不能用语被动语态。如：My wishes will come true.13、Before 1929, there was no sound in movies.sound n. 声音，泛指一切声音，由指是自然界所能听到的声音；v. 听起来。如：Light travels faster than sound.That sounds a good idea.辨析：sound, noise, and voice.noise 噪音，尤指不悦耳、不动听的声音，常为不可数名词。如：Dont make so much noise.voice 嗓音、说话声、笑声、歌声等。既可以是可数名词，也可以做不可数名词。如：Keep your voice down.He is not in good voice.14、The head of one of the biggest companies in the united states predicted that on one would want to see actors talk. no one 没有人，相当于nobody， 做主语时，谓语用单数。如：No one knows the secret. see sb. do sth. 强调动作的全过程，see sb. doing 强调动作正在进行。如：I saw him run on the playground.I saw him running on the playground when I passed by.15、we never know what will happen in the future. happen 发生，常常指偶然发生。happen to do sth. 碰巧，恰巧做某事。如：What happened to you?He happened to copying homework when the teacher came in. in the future 在未来，在将来，指一段时间后的将来。in future 从今以后，强调从现在开始，相当于 from now on. 如： We watched a movie about living in the future I will get up on time in future.二、重点语法详解1、一般将来时态定义：一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。构成：一般由“will/shall+ 动词原形“构成。其中will 适用于各种人称, shall 一般用于第一人称。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow?There will be an English party next Saturday.We will come to see you tomorrow.判断：一般将来时我们除了从其含义来判断以外，我们还可以从其常用的时间状语来判断。常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/evening/., next week/year/., in 3 days/, this evening/ weekend/, in the future, soon etc. 如：There wont be any trees in this place in two years.He will go shopping with me this afternoon.注意：一般将来时除了用“will+ 动词原形”来表示以外，还可以用be going to +动词原形（准备、打算做某事）和be doing（动词主要为趋向性动词，如：leave, go, arrive, come, start, stay, return etc.）如：I am not going to tell you about it.I am coming in a minute.重点句型1、Will there be robots in peoples homes? Yes, there will.人们家里将有机器人吗？是的。来源:Z*xx*k.Com2、 People wont use money, everything will be free. 人们不再使用钱，一切都将是免费的。3、 I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 去年我去了上海并爱上了它。4、 I cant have any pets now.=I can have no pets now. 我现在不能有任何宠物。5 、a few/few +可数名词, a little/ little +不可数名词I dont agree, but I think there will be fewer trees. 我不同意，但是我认为那里将有更少的树。 There will be less pollution.将会有少量的污染。6 、Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future，wont there ?一些科学家相信将来会有这样的机器人。I dont believe/think itll come true. (believe/think否定前面)7 、such +a/an +adj. +n. + that / so + adj. + that It is such a heavy box that no one can move it. =The box is so heavy that no one can move it.8 、One day people will fly to the moon for vacation. 一天，人们将飞到月球上度过假期。9 、There are many famous predictions that never came true. 有许多将永远无法实现的预言。10 、The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want to see actors talk. 美国最大的电影公司的老板预测将无人想看演员交谈。11 、I need to keep smart for my job interview. 我要让我的面试看起来聪明。12 、We have to wear a uniform to school. 我们不得不穿制服上学。Put on your coat, its cold outside.外面冷，穿上大衣。He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。 13 、I dont agree with you.我不同意你。I dont agree with what you say. 我不同意你说的话。 I dont agree on that plan. 我不同意那个计划I dont agree to leave here. 我不同意离开这里。14 、Do you think you will have your own robot? 你认为你将拥有你自己的机器人吗？15 、Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people, and do the same things as us. 科学家们正尝试做像人一样的机器人，而且会和我们做同样的事。16 、He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person. 他认为对于机器人来说和一个人做同样的事情将很困难。17 、For example, its easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. 例如，对于一个小孩来说醒来且明白他们所处的位置是容易的。18 、He will be in college next year. / He will go to college next year.他明年上大学。19 、That may seem impossible. 那看起来不可能。20 、I want to work for myself when Im older. 当我更老时我想为我自己工作。21 、He took the train to school.他乘火车去上学。22 、Books will only be on computers ,not on paper. 书将只在电脑上不在纸上。23 、Kids will study at home on computers. 孩子们将在家里在电脑上学习。24 、People will live to be 200 years old.人们将活到200岁。25 、Hell live on a space station.他将住在太空站。26、 Five years ago, Sally was in high school. 5年前，Sally在上高中。27、 What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为5年后Sally将成为什么？28 、There will be fewer cars and more buses. 将有更少的轿车和更多的汽车。29 、Ill fly rockets to the moon. 我将乘火箭去月球。30 、He is alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.他独自一人，但他不寂寞。31 、Ill live in an apartment with my best friends, because I dont like living alone.来源:学科网我将和我最好的朋友一起住在一所公寓里，因为我不喜欢一个人住。32 、I might even keep a pet parrot. 我有可能喂养一只宠物鹦鹉。33、 Some will look like humans,others might look like snakes.一些看起来像人，另一些可能像蛇。34、 Ill be able to dress more casually. 我将能穿的更随意。35 、What do you think your life will be like next month? 你认为你下个月的生活将会是怎样的？36 、I think that France will win the next World Cup. 我认为法国将赢得下一届的世界杯。37 、Which movies will win awards next year? 明年哪部电影将获奖？38 、What will teenagers do for fun 20 years from now? = What will teenagers do for fun in 20 years?20年后青少年将做什么事来得到快乐？39 、My life will be a lot /much/a little better than it is now. 我的生活将变得比现在好得多/一点。40 、help sb.(to) do sth./ help sb. with sth. I often help my mother (to) do chores.= I often help my mother with the housework. 我常帮妈妈做家务They help with the housework, and do the most unple