国家城市给水排水工程技术研究中心.pptx
Dr. Zheng XingcanIntroductionStudy Methodology Summary Data of Case Study WRPs Findings & Key IssuesRecommendations for Improvements Performance IndicatorsBest Practices & Technical OptionsConclusions Annexes引言引言 Introduction North China, water resources per capita only 36363 m3 Governments actively promote water reuse practice Several research & demonstration programs,1986-2005 Urban water reuse: one of practical and economic solutions to the serious water shortage North China Water Quality Study Program Component C Study Methodology Data sources： Statistics and records Urban planning information Site visits to WRP, WWTP & application sites Comprehensive questionnaire Literature review Internet search Data processing & analysisComparison and discussion Findings & recommendationsCase Study Cities Case Study WRPs Beijing Gaobeidian WRP Beijing Jiuxianqiao WRP Beijing No. 6 Water Plant Tianjin Jizhuangzi WRP Tianjin TEDA No.1 WRP Xian Beishiqiao WRP Qingdao Haipohe WRP Shijiazhuang Qiaoxi WRP Taian WWTPHefei Wangxiaoying WRP Beijing Gaobeidian高碑店污水厂二级出水高碑店污水厂二级出水厂内回用厂内回用 In-WWTP 10000m3/d农田灌溉农田灌溉 Agricultural Irrigation华能热电厂华能热电厂Power Plant 40000m3/d高碑店湖高碑店湖 Lake：第一热电厂第一热电厂200000m3/d市政市政Municipal 50000m3/d水源六厂水源六厂No.6 WP工业工业Industrial 50000m3/d Beijing Gaobeidian厂内再生水利用In-WWTP WRP厂内再生水生产In-WWTP WRP石灰法中试Lime Treatment Testing草地灌溉Lawn irrigation Beijing Gaobeidian高碑店湖排入河道Receiving river高碑店污水厂高碑店污水厂 Beijing Gaobeidian北京六水厂北京六水厂高碑店近邻热电厂Nearby Power Plant景观绿化Landscaping河道补水River supplementTianjin Jizhuangzi混凝沉淀+微滤膜+臭氧，20,000 m3/d Coagulation + Sedimentation + Microfiltration + O3混凝沉淀+过滤，30,000 m3/d Coagulation + Sedimentation + Filtration再生水厂再生水厂WRP膜滤膜滤Microfiltration混凝混凝沉淀沉淀Coagulation/SedimentationTianjin Jizhuangzi居住区景观水体与水质监测居住区景观水体与水质监测Residential waterscapes，impoundment & monitoringTianjin TEDA微滤（30000m3/d ）+反渗透（1 0000m3/d） MicrofilitrationReverse Osmosis Qingdao Haipohe 絮凝沉淀过滤，40000m3/d Coagulation + Sedimentation + Filtration市政杂用（河道补充与绿化） Municipal and Landscape低压锅炉给水中试 Boiler （pilot test）中央空调循环冷却用水 Industrial cooling牛仔布水洗磨砂用水 Industrial processing厂内循环冷却与脱水机冲洗 In-WWTP 再生水厂滤池WRP Filtration再生水中试系统Pilot Plant Qingdao Haipohe再生处理流程Recalamation process工业企业内部处理Further treatment for industrial use 工业生产用水Industrial processing景观绿化用水Landscaping Qingdao Haipohe海泊河公园与河道补水海泊河公园与河道补水 Reclaimed water supply for park and river supplement Shijiazhuang Qiaoxi混凝混凝沉淀过滤沉淀过滤 Coagulation + Sedimentation + Filtration补充民心河及沿河公园补充民心河及沿河公园 River supplement & parks设计设计 Design 100,000 m3/d生产生产 Production 30,000 m3/d 再生水厂再生水厂Reclaimed water plantShijiazhuang Qiaoxi河道补水河道补水 River supplementShijiazhuang QiaoxiXian Beishiqiao 混凝沉淀过滤，混凝沉淀过滤，50,000 m3/d Coagulation + Sedimentation + Filtration Xian Beishiqiao 热电厂冷却热电厂冷却Cooling，Power & Heat Plant工业生产（冶炼）工业生产（冶炼）Industrial processing热电厂锅炉补水再处理（未运行）热电厂锅炉补水再处理（未运行）Boiler supplement，not in operation公园补水（计划）公园补水（计划）Parks water supplement（in plan）合肥王小郢合肥王小郢 Hefei Wangxiaoying合肥王合肥王小郢小郢 Hefei WangxiaoyingFindings & Recommendations Low Utilization of Design Capacity Actual production/sales much lower than design capacity Commonly shortage of users Distribution pipelines shortage Unreasonable water tariff Water quality problem Improper water resource management Cost recovery difficulty User development becomes a major task Needs joint efforts of suppliers and government Low Utilization of Design Capacity Production of WRPs？Centralized system or onsite/point-of-sale system ？Constraints of Centralized system管网投资高管网投资高 （北京）（北京） High pipelines costs，Beijing难以同时满足不同用户的水质和水量需求难以同时满足不同用户的水质和水量需求 Difficult to simultaneously meet the various users requirements in quality and flow-rate适合污水厂周围适合污水厂周围 Better for applications near WWTP适合水质要求相同的批量用户或大水量用户适合水质要求相同的批量用户或大水量用户 Better for similar quality requirement & larger demand Onsite/point-of-sale system Combination of both systems？Centralized system or onsite/point-of-sale system ？再生水工程投资再生水工程投资 Investment of WRPs 投投资资 Capital Investment, million RMB City and WRP 总 Total 土建Civil 设备Equip. 管道Pipes 其他 Others Beijing Gaobeidian 300 43 56 180 21 Beijing Jiuxianqiao 79 17 20 40 2 Beijing No. 6 WP 50 20 28.5 1.5 - Tianjin Jizhuangzi 143 38.6 47 42 15.4 Tianjin TEDA. No.1 57 15 40.7 13 0.13 Xian Beishiqiao 67 24.36 23.83 17.64 Qingdao Haipohe 29 10 10 9 Shijiazhuang Qiaoxi 80 45 17 18 Reclaimed water quality Issue All WRP using WWTP effluent as water source WWTP design without consideration to water reuse Discharge standard compliance WWTP design Some WWTP & WRP need to be upgraded Nutrient removal Advanced reclamation processMeet users requirements天津、青岛、北京等天津、青岛、北京等 Tianjin，Qingdao，BeijingReclaimed water charge & pricing mechanism主要不利因素，包括水价低、地下水不合理开采或非主要不利因素，包括水价低、地下水不合理开采或非法开采、对公共用水的不合理补贴等方面法开采、对公共用水的不合理补贴等方面 Limiting factors include low water tariff & reclaimed water charge, unreasonable/illegal exploitation of groundwater, and unreasonable subsidy to the public water uses, etc.基于完全成本回收的市场化运作与管理基于完全成本回收的市场化运作与管理 Market operation & management with full cost recovery促进水价、污水费和再生水费的改革与改进促进水价、污水费和再生水费的改革与改进 Promote the tariff reform for the water supply, wastewater treatment and reclaimed water servicesReclaimed water charge & pricing水价与再生水费水价与再生水费 Water tariff & reclaimed water charge Reclaimed water charge & pricing单位投资与运行成本单位投资与运行成本Capital and operation costs 土土建建与与设设备备投投资资 Capital Civil & Equip. City and WRP Design capacity (m3/day) 总Total 单位能力RMB/m3/d 运运行行成成本本Running cost (RMB/m3) 总总运运行行成成本本 Total cost (RMB/m3) Beijing Gaobeidian 300,000 99 330 0.35 Beijing Jiuxianqiao 20,000 37 1850 0.38 No. 6 Water Plant 170,000 48.5 285 0.7 Tianjin Jizhuangzi 50,000 85.6 1712 2.5-3.0( MF) Tianjin TEDA. No.1 30,000 10,000 50.7 5070 1.25-2.0 2.48 (design) 3.0 (actual) Xian Beishiqiao 50,000 48.2 964 0.60 0.88 (design) 2.02 (actual) Qingdao Haipohe 40,000 20 500 0.51 0.61 Shijiazhuang Qiaoxi 100,000 62 620 0.27 Promote market operation by incentive economic policy Main obstacles：low water tariff and charge Reclaimed water pricing policy with multiple objectives Keeps reasonable price gap among different water services Costs recovery & reasonable profit, control market monopoly Guarantee the rights and interests of users by agreement Who pay reclaimed water charge？ Need to setup a charge collection arrangement to ensure the suppliers full cost recoveryPrivate beneficiary uses再生水费再生水费 Reclaimed water charge (based on sales)Public beneficiary uses作为公共用品或公共资源作为公共用品或公共资源 As public goods or as public resource通过政府采购通过政府采购 Government as buyerw石家庄、青岛、泰达、合肥石家庄、青岛、泰达、合肥 等等 wShijiazhuang, Qindao, TEDA, Hefei, etc.纳入污水处理费纳入污水处理费 Incorporate into wastewater fee Preferential use？residential, environment or industrial Need to consider actual situation, economic efficiency and maximum social benefit，etc. Prior uses of reclaimed water Reasonable water quality requirement Lower production & distribution costs Landscaping and scenic water body，industrial cooling, urban irrigation and environmental use Preferential use？residential, environment or industrialPrior uses of reclaimed water2.5-3.0 RMB/m3RO for high quality waterRO for high quality waterRMB/m3MF for residential and other usesMF for residential and other usesRMB/m3Tertiary for municipal & industrial Tertiary for municipal & industrial （multi usesmulti uses ）混凝沉淀混凝沉淀RMB/m3Tertiary for waterscape and river supplementTertiary for waterscape and river supplementDirect or indirect useDirect or indirect usePipelinePipeline or River Transportor River Transport Legal supporting system & management mechanism Establish relevant regulations, policies and criteria/standard for guidance and enforcement Water reuse plan being part of city master plan & water resource utilization plan Strategic objective shift from “discharge-standard” to the “water reclamation and recycling”Reclaimed water standards Modified several times Some irrationality still exist. Proposal for basic classification of Reclaimed water Reclamation processPathogens removalTypical water quality indexPerformance control & monitoringMain applications 5个等级 Shown in Table 5.1.National guidelines for urban water reuse再生水利用的实用信息散布于各种文献再生水利用的实用信息散布于各种文献 Practical information dispersed in different references需要优先编制国家级再生水利用指南需要优先编制国家级再生水利用指南 Highest priority to develop national guidelines促进再生水项目的正确实施促进再生水项目的正确实施 Promote proper implementations of water reuse为相关人员提供合理正确的信息为相关人员提供合理正确的信息 Provide right information to the public Micro-pollutants in reclaimed water新的风险关注点新的风险关注点 An emerging risk concern尤其是内分泌干扰物的健康影响尤其是内分泌干扰物的健康影响 especially the influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health明显需要进一步研究明显需要进一步研究 Apparently more research is needed Public education and awareness Some potential industrial users and residents cannot accept reclaimed water mentally Through various media, explain importance of water reuse and reliability of reclaimed water Paying attention to demonstration projects Invite people to visit urban water reuse facilities 谢谢谢谢 Thank You敬请提出宝贵意见敬请提出宝贵意见Question and Comment？
