2014广州中考语法选择方法与技巧及练习(共8页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、语法选择的特点本题型一般为200词左右的叙述短文，在篇章中考查基本语法，第一句话往往是完整的，一般不设空。通过读第一句话可以根据动词的形式判断文章故事发生的时间。所以阅读第一句话，你的注意力应放在动词的形式上。因为有语境，难度较低。二、语法选择考点归纳让你知己知彼百战百胜！1. 动词：主要从动词的时态、语态、介词+Ving、情态动词+动原等方面考查。2. 名词：主要从可数名词单复数、可数或不可数的判断以及所有格的用法。3. 形容词：分词作形容词的考查，-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。系动词+ 4. 副词：考查副词的基本用法之一修饰动词。只要空格前面出现动词，则应该选择副词。5. 连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all的用法。掌握这几个连词的基本用法即可，较容易选对答案。6. 代词：考查人称代词、不定代词的运用。7. 介词：考查固定搭配。频率最高的介词：on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。从出题的考点来看，动词考查是最多的，一般为3-4题。因此学生对动词的掌握尤为重要。大多数学生认为该题型较难，所以丢分较严重。原因分析：对基础的语法点没有掌握，缺乏解题方法与技巧。三、指点迷津让你不再为语法选择抓狂！step1：读第一句话 动词 判断时态 为做题时选动词找依据话你知：动词会给你很多信息，做题过程中集中关注动词的变化！step2：以句为单位 找提示词 确定考点话你知：考动词：一看 有无时态标志 二看 空格前有无情态动词、介词 （情态动词+动原；介词+Ving） 三看 有无and/or （如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致） 四看 选项出现被动语态，则判断主语与动词的关系是主动还是被动考名词：考查单复数，常常结合感叹句考查 首先排除How a选项，用感叹句的判定方法即在句子后面找出主语与谓语，在前面断线，如断线前面的词为形容词则选how选项，如是名词则判断该名词为可数单数则用what a选项，可数复数或不可数则用what选项。考形容词：若选项出现-ed、-ing一般考查的是分词作形容词的用法：-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。考副词：若选项出现ly结尾的，可以判定该空格考查副词的运用。在该句子中，空格前有动词，则要用副词修饰。考连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all的用法。判断文章前后的逻辑关系即可。but：表示转折关系；so：表示因果关系；or：或者、否则之意。and：表示并列关系；though/although：表示虽然但是，不能与but连用。both.and：表示两者都；either.or：表示两者之一；neither.nor：表示两者中没有一个；all：表示全部都，用于三者以上。考代词：1）人称代词动词/介词后用宾格；2）空格后有名词，用形容词所有格，没有名词则用名词所有格；3）反身代词常考enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself；4）不定代词something、everything、anything、nothing被形容词修饰时，形容词后置；5）other、the other、others、the othersother、the other分别为“其他的”、“其余的”的意思，后面跟名词，others、the others分别为“其他人/东西”、“其余的人/东西”，已经是名词。有the，说明是在一定范围内。考介词：常考on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。at: 用于具体时刻、传统节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at noon, at nightin: 用于世纪、年、季节、月等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011 固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/eveningon: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上。for: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志with: 与.一起，和.；带着.，有.的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)without: 没有。千叮万嘱：介词后面的动词+ing考从句：宾从：连词/引导词：that，whether， if，wh-疑问词 定从：连词/关系词：who，which，that，when，wherestep3：代入答案 充分说服你的选项是百分之百对的！四、实战演练即刻体验语法选择就是这么简单！【即学即练一】Water is very useful. Life on the earth 1 water. 2 water, no life can live on the earth . 3 it or not , many famous civilizations ( 文化 ) came 4 the places with water . For example, Chinese history comes from the Huanghe River. This is well 5 to us. People use water to generate ( 产生 ) power . Then we can have 6 and watch TV. Sometimes, people can use water 7 something too heavy. Workers use water to make things in factories. And 8 use water to put out fire. Farmers use water to grow vegetables. In 9 life, we use water to take a shower so that we can 10 ourselves every day.（ ）1. A. are made of B. are made of C. were made up of D. is made up of 答案巧析：D。考查动词短语固定搭配。从第一句话知，文章用一般现在时。首先排除C。be made up of“由组成”，be made of“由制作”，根据句意，则选D。（ ）2. A. With not B. Without C. Having not D. Have no答案巧析：B。考查介词without的用法。（ ）3. A. Believe B. Believes C. BelievingD. Believed答案巧析：A。考查动词。祈使句，没有主语，动词使用原形。只要会判断该句子为祈使句，即可做对。（ ）4. A. out of B. out C. to D. with答案巧析：A。考查动词短语固定搭配。come out of “从出来”。（ ）5. A. knowing B. knowC. known D. knew答案巧析：C。考查固定短语。be well known“为所知”。（ ）6. A. light B. lights C. a light D. lighting答案：A。考查名词。light作“光、光线”讲时为不可数名词，作“灯”讲时为可数名词。（ ）7. A. measure B. to measuring C. measured D. to measure答案巧析：D。考查动词。use sth. to do sth. 使用去做某事。从后面一句话“Workers use water to make things in factories.”即可选到正确答案。（ ）8. A. fireman B. a fireman C. firemen D. firemans 答案巧析：C。考查名词。首先判断用复数形式，依据Workers、Farmers。fireman的复数形式为不规则变化firemen，故选C。（ ）9. A. day B. dailyC. days D. dayss答案巧析：B。考查“日常生活”的表达daily life。daily“日常的”，形容词，后面有名词life，前面应该用形容词修饰。（ ）10. A.clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. cleans答案巧析：A。考查动词。空格前有情态动词can，应选择动词原形。【即学即练二 】Annie was excited. Her mother 1_ to Beijing today and would be staying with her 2_ two weeks. She cleaned her home and thought about 3_ some flowers, but there wasn't time. She got in her car, turned on the radio and was heading off when the radio reported that all planes to Beijing would be two or more hours late because it was raining 4 _ . With great disappointment Annie went back inside.Two hours later, Annie arrived at the airport and was 5_ to see her mother waiting outside! She had decided to take an earlier plane 6_ she could get to Beijing on time. She didn't think it was necessary to phone Annie as the earlier plane would arrive at the airport at the time her daughter expected.7 _ mistake! Annie could have come earlier, but didn't. Her mother could have phoned from the plane, but didn't. They were 8 _ hungry and tired. Annie was going to take her mother to 9_ American restaurant, but her mother just 10 _ to get home to rest.( )1. A. was flying B. flies C. has flown D. fly答案巧析：A。读第一句话，动词用过去式，说明文章描述的是过去的事情。直接把B、C、D选项排除。答案选A。Her mother正飞往Beijing，非常符合语境与时态。( )2. A. after B. since C. in D. for答案巧析：D。介词的考查。two weeks为一段时间，排除A、B。in + 时间段表示“在之内、之后”，一般用于将来时；for + 时间段一般用于现在完成时。( )3. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying答案巧析：D。考查动词。about是介词，后面+Ving。( )4. A. heavily B. much heavier C. heavy D. more heavier答案巧析：A。考查副词。观察选项，有副词与形容词，空格前有动词raining，要用副词heavily修饰。( )5. A. surprises B. surprising C. surprised D. surprise答案巧析：C。考查形容词。观察选项，出现-ed、-ing，一般则可推测考查的是分词作形容词的用法。该句的主语是Annie，故用C. surprised。( )6. A. but B. although C. when D. so答案巧析：D。连词的考查。空格前后的句子属于因果关系故用so。( )7. A. How B. What a C. What D. How a答案巧析：B。名词结合感叹句考查。mistake为可数名词单数，选What a 。( )8. A. all B. either C. both D. neither答案巧析：C。连词的考查。文章提到两人，排除A。从句中的and并结合句意，选both。( )9. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填答案巧析：B。冠词的考查。American首字母元音发音，用an。( )10. A. wanted B. wants C. wanting D. want 答案巧析：A。考查动词。整篇文章描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词要用一般过去式，排除B、D。句子缺谓语，排除C。五、学以致用让你轻松拿高分！Long long ago there was a poor farmer called Fred. Fred and his wife, Doris lived 1 together in their small old house. One winter night, the Luck Fairy（仙女） 2 them.“Fred, youre a good farmer. Id like 3 you a wish,” said the Luck Fairy.“A wish?” said Fred.Fred and Doris smiled at 4 . Then Fred said, “Thank you, Luck Fairy. Were very healthy and happy.”“Were old, we can still work 5 the field every day.” said Doris. “You work very 6 but you make a little money. Would you like some gold coins?” asked the Luck Fairy. “Oh, no, my dear Luck Fairy. Were poor. But we have 7 to eat.” replied Fred. “You can use the gold coins to buy some clothes. The winter is very cold.” said the Luck Fairy. “Though we havent many clothes, 8 weve got enough.” said Doris. “Well, what about a nice house?” asked the Luck Fairy. “Thank you, but I love my small old house very much. I 9 here since I was born. I dont need a new house,” said Fred. “Youre quite different 10 other people,” said the Luck Fairy. “I wish you happiness and luck forever.” Then the Luck Fairy disappeared and never came back.（ ）1. A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly（ ）2. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. was visited（ ）3. A. to give B. gives C. giving D. gave（ ）4. A. the other B. another C. others D. each other（ ）5. A. in B. at C. for D. from（ ）6. A. hardest B. harder C. hard D. hardly（ ）7. A. no B. little C. enough D. few（ ）8. A. / B. however C. because D. but（ ）9. A. lived B. have lived C. had lived D. lives（ ）10. A. of B. for C. from D. into训练题一 Mr. King was a strange man. He liked travelling and animals very much. He founded his own empire(帝国). Mr. King lived with six hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos. After he left school, he 26 all over the world collecting animals for his own zoo. He hoped 27 two examples of every kind of animal on his island. 28 he was afraid that people would find him someday. In his spare time, he 29 books about his travels, and about his animals 30 he collected the money from the books and helped to pay for the food 31 these animals ate. One day, when Mr. King was out 32 drinking water, he found oil. He needed money for his travels and for 33 zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for what he needed all his life, but he knew that if he told anybody else about it, it would be 34 end of zoo and his lifes work. So he decided 35 anyone about what he had found, because oil and water couldnt mix. ( )26. A. has traveled B. had traveled C. traveled D. Travels( )27. A. to collect B. collecting C. collects D. collect ( )28. A. Or B. And C. But D. So ( )29. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing ( )30. A. so that B. and that C. as to D. that ( )31. A. what B. who C. when D. which ( )32. A. looks forward to B. to look at C. looking for D. looked after ( )33. A. its B. his C. her D. their ( )34. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 ( )35. A. to not tell B. to tell not C. not telling D. not to tell 训练题二 In California, there lives a pretty girl called Donna Green. She is a 26 girl with big eyes and golden hair. She is good at singing and 27 the first place in the Singing Competition three times. But two years ago she became very weak. She had an unhealthy heart. “Donna needs a new heart, 28 she will die soon.” The doctor said. Jim Smith, 15, 29 was worried about Donna, was her best friend. He liked her very much and didnt want her30 . Jim talked to his mother about Donna. “Im going to die, and I 31 my heart to Donna.” Jims mother didnt pay much attention to him. She thought, “Jim is strong and healthy. He is still young.” But Jim was not healthy at all. He 32 had terrible headaches. One morning, he woke up 33 a sharp pain in his head and 34 breathe. The Smiths rushed Jim to the hospital, but the doctor couldnt save him. The Smiths were sad. But they remembered Jims words. Jim wanted to give his heart to Donna! After several tests, Jims heart 35 and put into Donnas chest. In a short time, the heart began to beat. The operation was a success. Now, Donna can sing again. She is thankful to Jim for the great gift. ( )26. A. 14-years-old B. 14-years old C. 14-year-old D. 14 year old ( )27. A. wins B. won C. has won D. had won ( )28. A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )29. A. he B. who C. which D. that ( )30. A. die B. to die C. dying D. dead ( )31. A. give B. have given C. would give D. will give ( )32. A. some time B. some times C. sometime D. sometimes ( )33. A. in B. with C. of D. on ( )34. A. Couldnt B. Mustnt C. might not D. Shouldnt ( )35. A. took out B. is taken out C. was taken out D. takes out训练三Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow _26_ he could in his own garden, so that he would not have to buy so many in the market. One evening he heard a noise in his garden and looked out of the window. A white cow _27_ into the garden and was eating his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took his stick, ran out and chased the cow, but he was too old to catch it. When he got back to his garden, he found that the cow had ruined most of his precious vegetables. _28_next morning, while he _29_ in the street near his house, he saw a cart with two white cows which looked very much like the one 30 had eaten his vegetables. He was carrying his stick with him, _31_ he at once began to beat the two cows with it. As neither of them looked more like the cow that had eaten his vegetables than the other, he beat both of them equally hard. The owner of the cow and cart was drinking coffee in a _32_ coffee-house. When he saw _33_ Nasreddin was doing _34_ his animals, he ran out and shouted, “What are you doing? What have those poor animals done to you for you to beat them like that?” “You keep out this!” Nasreddin shouted back, “This is a matter_35_ me and one of these two cows. He knows very well why I am beating him!” ( )26. A. so many vegetables B. many vegetables C. as many as vegetables D. as many vegetables as ( )27. A. had got B. got C. was getting D. has got ( )28. A. One B. 不填 C. On D. The ( )29. A. walks B. waked C. was walking D. walking ( )30. A. who B. that C. whom D. 不填 ( )31. A. so B. and C. but D. or ( )32. A. beside B. nearby C. near D. near by ( )33. A. that B. which C. why D. what ( )34. A. for B. to C. with D. on ( )35.A. among B. of C. between D. in 训练题四 Many years ago, I was fresh out of school and working in Denver. I _26_ to my parents home in Missouri _27_Christmas when my car almost ran out of gas. I stopped at _28_gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City. I was planning _29_and visit a friend there. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台)，I said hello to an older couple(夫妇)_30_ were also paying for gas. I drove away, _31_had gone only a few miles when black smoke came from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered _32_I should do. A car stopped behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they _33_ me to my friends. When I got home, I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping _34_. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with said that helping me had made their holidays _35_“Thank you”two powerful words. Theyre easy to say and mean so much. ( )26. A. drove B. was driving C. was driven D. would drive ( )27. A. for B. at
