选修10课本全套资料—Unit25032.pdf
Unit 2 King Lear 一、核心单词用法例析 1.shorten vt.缩短。She shortened the skirt by an inch.她把裙子缩短了一英寸。2.burden n.&vt.担子、主题(无复数)，负担、麻烦 The burden of grief made her in low spirits all day long.压在心头的悲伤使她整天郁郁寡欢。3.responsibility n.责任、负责；职责、义务、任务 Who bears full responsibility for the consequence?谁对后果承担全部责任？4.allocate vt.配给、分配 The headmaster allocated tasks to each of us.校长给我们每一个人都分配了工作。5.distribute vt.分发、分配某事物、分散放置 In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work-force.在合作社中，利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的。6.contradict vt.&vi.批驳、相反、与。相矛盾 The speaker had got confused,and started contradicting himself.演讲者弄糊涂了，说话自相矛盾起来了。He contradicted the manager at the meeting.他在会议上顶撞了经理。7.confirm vt.证实、确认、批准、肯定 Please write to confirm your reservation.请来信确认你的预订项目。After a 6-month probationary period,she was confirmed in her post.经过六个月的试用期后，她获准正式任该职。8.corrupt a.；vt.&vi.腐败（的）、使腐败、腐蚀，贿赂、收买 This corrupt film is full of sex and violence.这部堕落的影片里充斥了色情和暴力.He was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a policeman with money.他因为试图贿赂一个警察金钱而被判刑入狱了。9.cash n.&vt.现金、兑现 I have no ready cash on me,can I pay you tomorrow?我身上没有现金，能明天付给你钱吗？10.vacant adj.空的、空洞的、无表情的、愚蠢的 From her vacant look we can know that she probably is in bad condition.从她发呆的样子我们可以知道她也许身体不好。The madman gave a vacant laugh.那个疯子发出了愚蠢的大笑。11.respond vi.&vt.n.作答、回答、响应、有反应 The illness quickly responded to proper treatment.疾病经适当治疗后很快好转了。He responded to our question with a letter.他写了一封信答复我们的问题。12.suspect adj.n.vt.可疑的；嫌疑犯；猜想、怀疑 His testimony is suspect.他的证词是可疑的。We suspect him to be a murderer.我们怀疑他是凶犯。13.demand n.vt.&vi.需要的事物、要求（知道）、需要、查问 Theres a great demand for teachers in Shenzhen.深圳需要大量的老师。14.beyond prep.adv.&n.在。的那边、超出；（在）远处、更远地 I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.除了他告诉我的以外，我就一无所知了。I own nothing beyond the clothes on my back.除了身上的衣服我就一无所有了。真题：Im sorry its _ my power to make a final decision on the project.(2004 上海)A.over B.above C.off D.beyond 解析：beyond 是“超出（能力等）”意思。故选 D。15.fond adj.溺爱、不可能实现的 A fond mother may spoil her child.溺爱的母亲会贯坏自己的孩子的。He wants to marry Jane,but we think it a fond dream.他想娶珍妮，可是我们认为这是黄粱美梦。16.wrong n.adj.adv.&v.错误（的）、不适当的、不公正、冤枉无礼地对待、中伤 We should right the wrongs immediately we realize that we wronged someone.我们一旦意识到冤枉了别人，就要给人家平反昭雪。二、词组句型用法全解 1.be allergic to sth 对。过敏、讨厌 Nowadays most of young people are allergic to hard work.现在，大多数青年人讨厌累活。2.hand over 交出、移交 The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship to a younger man.船长不愿意把他船的指挥权交给一个年轻的人。3.care for 喜欢、关心、照顾 I dont care for tea;I like coffee better.我不喜欢茶；我比较喜欢喝咖啡。4.speak out 大胆地说、清楚响亮地说 Speak out against our real enemies.要大胆地和我们真正的敌人做斗争。5.pack up 打包、收拾行李工具、停止工作 He was told by the boss to pack up.他被老板解雇了。This company will probably pack up and move south.这家公司可能要停业南迁。6.give away 送掉、放弃、泄露 The examiner has given away the answer.考试者已经泄密答案了。His clothes gave him away.他的衣着泄露了他的身份。7.be fond of 喜爱、爱好 You are too fond of leaving the door open when you go out.你有出去把门开着的坏毛病。8.make a name 成名、得到名声 She made a name for herself as a painter.作为画家，她出名了。9.neither nor 既不.也不 Neither have I known her nor I want to.我既不认识她，也不想认识她。Regan said that she needed neither the land of the kingdom nor the wealth her father would give her but true love.里根说她既不需要王国的领土也不需要父亲（给她的）财富，她只需要真正的爱。真题：Of the making of good books there is no end;neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives.(2004 广东)A.there is B.there are C.is there D.are there 解析：neither 开头的句子要部分倒装，同时考虑主谓一致。故选 C。I would never ever come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!_.(2004 广西)A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I 解析：理由同上。故选 B。10.no longer 不再。My hometown is no longer what it used to be.我的家乡不再是过去的那个样子了。请比较：他不再抽烟了。He no longer smokes.He smokes no more.He doesnt smoke any longer.He doesnt smoke any more.注意：所谈及的事既能从“量”又能从“时间”方面来阐述时，no longer 和 no more 才能互相替代。11.not but 不是。而是。Not Tom but I am your friend.不是汤姆而是我才是你的朋友。Its not I but Tom that has done this matter.不是我而是汤姆干的这件事。12.one the other 一个。另一个。I have two pens.One is being used now,and the other is in my schoolbag.我有两只笔。一只在用着，另一只在书包里。真 题：One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.(2000 春招)A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white 解析：这是省略的并列句，陈述“两边的比较”。故选C。13.be good at 擅长于。He is good at languages.他擅长于语言。We should be good at learning from our mistakes.我们要善于从错误中学习。14.keep on 继续下去、维持 Prices keep on increasing in recent years.近几年，价格在不断地上涨。His wife kept on at him to buy her a new coat.他老婆喋喋不休地唠叨要他为她买一件新袄子。15.at all 根本（用于否定句或含有否定意思的句子中加强语气）Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要把它做好。If you know him at all,you will also hate his bad habits.你要是认识他，你也会讨厌他的坏习惯的。（讲话人意思是：你不认识他、不知道他的坏习惯）16.Im sorry but Im not as clever as my sisters.很抱歉，我不像姐姐他们那样聪明。1)Im sorry but 是口语中常用的句型，意思是：对不起，但是可是。比如：Can I trouble you with a question?Im sorry but Im busy now.2)as as 之间用形容词、副词的原级，表示同等量的比较。比如：He is as tall as me(I am).他和我个头一样高。You can do it as well as Tom does.你能把这件事做得跟汤姆的一样好。（注：此句中的as well as 不是固定短语）17.Its ones turn to do sth.是“轮到某某人去做某事了”的意思。比如：Its your turn to be on duty.轮到你值班了。真题：It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science.(2001 全国)A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 解析：理由参见：Unit1“短语做定语”部分第小题。故选D。It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.(2004 广西)A.as twice B.twice much C.twice much as D.twice as much 解析：这是比较的一种形式：倍数比较结构。故选D。18.be equal to 能胜任、经得起，不相上下、和。相等 Bill is quite equal to running the office.比尔能胜任办公室的管理工作。Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.玛莉和比尔在智力上不相上下。I dont feel equal to a cup of wine now.我现在不能喝酒了。19.You and your husband Albany shall have this part of my kingdom with all its rivers and forests and mountains.你和你的丈夫奥尔巴尼将得到我王国里这一部分及其河流、森林和山脉。该句中谓语部分的shall 事情态助动词，既表示“将来”又表示“承诺、应允”；作为情态动词shall 用在陈述句中还可以表示“警告、命令、决心、强制”等，适应各人称。比如：Then you shall come.(命令)那么你（必须）要来。Just a little patience.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.(承诺、应允)稍微耐心一点，你在今天下午可以拿到答案。You naughty boy!You shall get what you deserve.(警告)你这调皮的孩子，等着我收拾你吧。Nothing shall stop us from going there immediately.(决心)什么也阻挡不了我们立即去那里。Tom shant go this time.(强制)这次汤姆不能去。20.I would rather lose my life than see you make such a mistake.我宁死都不愿看到你犯这样的错误。1)rather than 结构中，than 前后的动词都用原形动词。比如：I would(或 had)rather play tennis than swim.我宁愿打网球，不愿去游泳。2)rather than 结构中，该短语前后的词语性质上要“对称”。比如：He ran rather than walked.与其说他走还不如说他跑。I,rather than you,should do the job.该做这件工作的是我，而不是你。It was what he meant rather than what he said.这是他的用意而不是他说的话。These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子穿起来舒服而不好看。请注意下一句中的动词形式：Rather than cause trouble,he left.不愿引起麻烦，他走了。3)短语 would rather 后面如果接从句，从句的谓语用虚拟语气。比如：I would rather you had known it.我倒宁愿你知道了这件事。Id rather you did this experiment now.我倒希望你现在就做这个实验。21.Although married with two children,Shakespeare left Stratford-on-Avon at the age of about 30 and went to London alone.尽管结婚后养了两个孩子，莎士比亚 30 岁时还是离开了埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇，只身去了伦敦。这是省略的主从复合句。含有一个 although 引导的 although he had been married with two children 让步状语从句。短语 with two children 等于说：and had two children。真题：Mr.Hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.(2003 北京)A.unless B.since C.although D.when 解析：这是复杂的主从复合句，although 在宾语从句中引导让步状语。故选 C。Even though he wrote his plays almost 500 years ago,his plays are still relevant today.他的戏剧尽管是在几乎年前写的，可今天仍然适合我们。even though=even if，也是引导让步状语从句的。再比如：Even though you dont like wine(Though you may not like wine),try a glass of this!22.As soon as Goneril has got all she can from her father,she begins treating him disrespectfully.贡纳莉一旦得到她可以从她父亲那里得到的财物，马上开始粗鲁地对待他。这是复杂的主从复合句：短语as soon as 引导时间状语从句。意思是：一（就）；she can 是定语从句，修饰all；引导词that 在定语从句里作宾语，被省略了。三、课文长句难点剖析 1.For whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own.剖析：这是复杂的主从复合句。）连词for 引导的原因状语从句是顺便说明原因的，通常要放在主句后。此句中该从句与其前面的句子有逻辑上的“因”“果”关系。否则，不能放在主句的前面。比如：Kent didnt come today,for he has been ill.肯特今天没有来，因为他生病了。回答why 提出的问题要用because 引导的的句子。比如：Why didnt you stop thief while he was passing by?Because I hadnt known he was a thief before you told me that.）whichever“无论哪一个”通常用来指物。比如：Whichever you want is yours.你要什么就拿什么。Choose whichever of them you like best.挑选你最喜欢的。）“你们中的哪一个”是“第三人称”概念，所以，句子的谓语用单数第三人称has。再比如：Ill give it to whichever of you wants it.无论你们中的谁要，我都会给的。译文：（因为）你们当中无论是谁，只要最有孝心，我就把最好的一块给她。2.This part is equal in value to what I give to Goneril.剖析：介词短语 in value（在价值上方面）作状语表示范围；what I give to Goneril 是宾语从句，从句引导词 what 作 give 的宾语。译文：这一部分和我给贡纳莉的那一部分在价值上是相等的。3.What have you to say to delight an old man and earn the best part of his kingdom.剖析：短语 have to do 是“不得不”的意思，要注意其与 must 的区别。比如：I had to go to bed before 10 last night for the electricity failed.昨晚停电了，我只好十点钟前就睡觉了（客观条件所迫）。Students must go to bed before 10 in the night.学生十点钟前必须就寝（人的主观安排）。译文：你说什么来取悦一位老人，赢得王国最好的部分呢？4.I love you as it is right and proper for a daughter to love her father,neither less nor more.剖析：）as 在这里引导方式状语从句，修饰谓语动词 love。as 还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等，）neither nor 既不。也不。（参见本单元“关键短语精讲”第条）译文：我爱你如同一个女儿恰如其分地爱着父亲，一分不多，一分不少。5.Well see if either wants to be a bridegroom when she has no riches to bring to the marriage.剖析：either 指“法国国王和勃艮第公爵”两人中的任何一个（either of them）。bring to“带来”的意思；不定式短语to bring to the marriage 是修饰 riches 的定语。译文：我们要看看,她没有分毫的嫁妆,谁会做她的新郎?真题：Theres coffee and tea;you can have _.(2003 全国)Thanks.A.either B.each C.one D.it 解析：either 是代词，只两者中的任何一个。故选A。I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but _ of them came.(2004 北京)A.neither B.either C.none D.both 解析：理由同上。故选A。6.Its as though the whole world has gone to sleep.剖析：as though 等于as if,引导表语从句。有时候从句要用虚拟语气。比如：He fought as if his life were in danger.他挣扎着就好像有生命危险似的。It seemed as though the night would never end.夜晚好像永无止尽。译文：好像整个世界都睡着了。7.And unless you want me to get rid of the rest of them too,I suggest you teach them how to behave properly.剖析：）unless 等于if()not，“除非”意思，引导条件状语从句。比如：I will leave at 9 oclock,unless you want to go earlier.我将点钟出发，除非你想早一些走。Dont leave here unless instructed to.未得到指示不得离开！真题：The man will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster.(2001全国)A.if B.unless C.whether D.that 解析：unless 引导条件状语从句，等于ifnot。故选B。_ you call me to say youre not coming,Ill see you at the theatre.(2004 吉林)A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless 解析：同上。故选 D。）get rid of 意思是：摆脱、去掉、除去。比如：He cant get rid of the cold.他感冒老是不好。）you teach them how to behave properly 是 suggest的宾语从句、虚拟语气。suggest 作为“建议”解释，其宾语从句用虚拟语气。比如：The doctor suggested Kent(should)be given an operation on right away.大夫建议应该立即给肯特动手术。The manager suggested that the meeting be brought to an end.经理建议结束会议。但是，作“表明、暗示”解释，其宾语从句不用虚拟语气。比如：Her expression suggested that she was angry.她的表情表明她很生气。译文：你若不想让我把剩下的士兵也赶走的话，我建议你还是教教他们怎样守规矩。8.The third daughter chose not to flatter her father with dishonest claims and instead told him she loved him only as much as her duty as a daughter required.剖析：）not to flatter her father with dishonest claims 是否定的动词不定式作 chose 的宾语。真题：The teacher asked us _ so much noise。(2003 北京)A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make 解析：这是 ask sb.(not)to do 结构。故选 D。）as a daughter required 是比较方式状语从句，是“像女儿要求的那样”意思。译文：第三个女儿选择了不用溜须拍马奉承她的父亲，而是告诉他，她像做女儿所要求的那样尽女儿的职责爱戴他。真题：I feel that one of my main duties _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.(2004 广东)A.for B.by C.as D.with 解析：as 在此句中是介词，意思是：“作为”，其余三个介词都没有此意。故选C。9.The king then went backwards and forwards between his two daughters until he had no soldiers at all.剖析：连词until 的意思：“直到”，引导时间状语从句。当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，要用notuntil结构。比如：We wont start until Bob comes.我们要到鲍勃来的时候才开始。My daughter hadnt gone to bed until I came back.我的女儿一直到我回来后才去睡觉。until 也可以当介词用。比如：Ill stay here until Friday.我要在这里呆到星期五。译文：然后，国王在两个女儿之间来来往往、不停地被踢来踢去，一直到丧失了所有的卫士。真题：Was his father strict with him when he was at school?(2003 春招)Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A.after B.unless C.until D.when 解析：notuntil 是“直到 时候才”的意思。但是当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定结构。请参见下列、两小题。该题答案是C A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(2003 上海)A.when B.unless C.after D.until 解析：答案是D We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reach the central railway station.(2004 辽宁)A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever 解析：答案是 B 四、语法知识归纳梳理状语 英语里做状语的主要是副词、词组、非限定性动词短语和状语从句。有时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、目的状语、让步状语、方式状语、比较状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。现分述如下：、单个副词做状语 The burden of government sits heavily on my shoulders.治理国家的担子沉重地落在我肩上。The soldier was wounded seriously.那为士兵伤得非常严重。真题：Its always difficult being in a foreign country,_ if you dont speak the language.(2000 全国)A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially 解析：especially 表示“突出一定范围内的某一些”。故选 D。Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._,neither of them could swim.(2002 春招)A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 解析：unfortunately 表示“意外”。故选 C。Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do.(2004 广东)A.such B.that C.more D.very 解析：that 作副词，常用在口语中，指“有一定参照标准”的量：that much 那么多。故选 B。The great success of this programme has been _ due to the support given by the local businessmen.(2004 广东)A.rather B.very C.quickly D.largely 解析：largely 含有“广泛、主要”的意思。故选 D。It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.(2004广东)A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly 解析：hardly 是否定义副词：几乎不。，从本句的逻辑判断只能选 D。I must be getting fat.I can _ do my trousers up.(2004 吉林)A.fairly B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom 解析：同上。故选 B。I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be _ careful in the street.(2003 北京)A.much B.very C.so D.too 解析：never too 的意思是：无论怎么也不过分。故选 D。Finnish President said Finland-China relations had progressed _ with fruitful co-operation in new and high-tech fields.(2004 上海)A.peacefully B.highly C.quietly D.smoothly 解析：smoothly 是“平稳地”意思，其余三个备选答案不能和 progress 搭配。故选 D。Mr.Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.(2004天津)A.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly 解析：该题备选答案中只有 heavily 可以和 smoke 搭配。故选 B。Most people on this island are recreational fishers,and _,fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.(2004 上海)A.accidentally B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally 解析：该句中的副词是从全句的逻辑关系上来确定的。故选 C。That doesnt sound very frightening,Paul.Ive seen _.What did you like most about the film?(2004 湖南)A.better B.worse C.best D.worst 解析：该句是考“比较”等级的。根据逻辑判断，是反向比较。故选 B。It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _ to her mother.(2002 北京)A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing 解析：close to sth 是“离。很近、紧挨着。”意思。故选 A。2、词组做状语 I cannot describe my feelings with such fancy words.我无法用这些花哨的言辞描述我的感情。In expressing her love for you,my sister has also expressed mine.我姐姐表达对你的爱时，也表达了我对你的爱。真题：1.Youre standing too near the camera.Can you move _?(2000上海)A.a bit far B.a little farther C.a bit of farther D.a little far 解析：该题考查）比较级）比较级的修饰语。故选 B。2.I hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them.(2003北京)Well,_ could they live in such comfort?A.where else B.what else C.how D.why 解析：该题 live 后有介词 in，所以考生很容易把正确选项排除掉。实际上此 in与后面的 such comfort 构成介词短语。故选 A。3._,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.(2004上海)A.Strangely enough B.Enough strangely C.Strange enough D.Enough st
