考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit-1012991.pdf
学英语 找长喜 1 Unit 10 Pleasure comes through toil.苦尽甘来。学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 得分统计 做题备忘 Part A Text 1 商业经济 478 /10 Text 2 科普知识 498 /10 Text 3 生态环境 417 /10 Text 4 社会生活 438 /10 Part B 商业经济 550 /10 Part C 科普知识 379 /10 Part A Directions：Read the following texts.Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1 Ash Upadhyaya is no tree hugger.Yet he has spent the past two years studying environmentally sustainable business at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.“Am I really driven to do this by my values?The honest answer is no,”says Upadhyaya,who wants to work for a private-equity fund when he graduates in June.“It just makes good business sense to be sustainable.”Environmentalists and capitalists have typically eyed each other with suspicion,even disdain.A new breed of M.B.A.students thinks its possible to make a bunch of green by going green.For some,studying sustainable business practices just gives them a competitive edge.For others,its a fresh way of thinking about business.These eco-M.B.A.s talk about the“triple bottom line”people,planet,profit.Thousands are joining Net Impact,a networking group for business leaders interested in societal problems.Slowly,business schools are catching up.“This is all student-driven,”says Stanford B-school professor Erica Plambeck.Seven years ago she offered the first environmental elective at the business school.Today Stanford ranks No.1 on the Aspen Institutes 2007“Beyond Grey Pinstripes”report,which rates how business schools integrate social and environmental responsibility into their curricula.Mainstream schools werent changing fast enough for green-business icon Hunter Lovins.The book she coauthored in 1999,“Natural Capitalism,”has become the textbook for sustainable management.In it,she argues that companies dont factor the environment into their spreadsheets.“We treat it as if it has a value of zero,and thats bad capitalism,”she says.Business leaders needed to start thinking differently.So in 2003 Lovins helped found Presidio School of Management in San Francisco,where climate change permeates every part of the curriculum.Critics say such boutique business schools themselves are unsustainable.But Green M.B.A.s insist they learn traditional skills while fostering unconventional business values.For the final project in accounting at Presidio,students analyze both a companys finances and its CSR(corporate social responsibility).One group gave United Parcel Service credit for mapping routes 学英语 找长喜 2 so drivers can avoid gas-wasting left turns.Green M.B.A.s take macroeconomics,but it includes the emerging field of“ecological economics.”The cases they study examine companies like Clif Bar,which makes organic energy snacks.But its the atmosphere at Presidio that makes it so different from Harvard.For Presidio student Taja di Leonardi,it was never for the money.A nature lover,she wanted to go to business school without feeling as if she was selling her soul.At Presidio,her quest to design her own green kitchen grew into a business plan for something she called Ecohome Improvement.Since Ecohome Improvement opened in 2005,di Leonardi has doubled the stores square footage,increased her staff from one to 10 and seen a 200 percent increase in revenues.Soul intact,she is cashing in.1.Why is Ash Upadhyaya interested in environmentally sustainable business?A He is an activist in environmental protection.B He believes environmental issues are important to businesses.C He has just taken a course at Stanford Graduate School of Business.D Upon graduation he wants to work for a fund for green causes.2.The new breed of M.B.A.students believe A profit cannot be made by sacrificing the environment.B environmental knowledge is important to business school students.C social issues are closely related to environmental issues.D businesses can make money by going green.3.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Net Impact is a group interested in how the Net affects businesses.B Mainstream schools still resist offering environmental courses.C Hunter Lovins is an M.B.A.teacher as well as a business person.D Stanford B-school is the first to offer related environmental courses.4.The students at Presidio A accomplish their research projects at related businesses.B can choose whatever courses they like to take.C take environmental factors into account in their research.D turn away from traditional skills to unconventional business practices.5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A di Leonardi has made a fortune from her environment friendly project.B di Leonardi has to pay a price for her environment friendly project.C di Leonardi has met great difficulty in keeping her business sustainable.D di Leonardi would have made more money if she had sold her soul.Text 2 Genius is something that is difficult to measure quantitatively,since it is a unique quality,although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it.By contrast,intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic character that can be molded by the environment.But in the particular case we would like to know how much is contributed by heredity and how much by the environment,since it has important social and educational implications.学英语 找长喜 3 In an attempt to resolve the relative contributions made by heredity on the one hand and the environment on the other,human geneticists have turned to studies of twins.Twins are of two kinds:dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins,who are always the same sex and often so alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.Dizygotic twins arise from two separate eggs fertilized by two spermatozoa,the two fertilizations occurring very close together in time.Monozygotic twins,on the other hand,arise from the same fertilized egg,which separates into two at an early stage in cleavage,so that each part develops into two separate embryos which are genetically identical.How could monozygotic and dizygotic twins be used to determine the relative contributions made to the human phenotype by heredity and environment,given the ethical and other constraints associated with experiments on human beings?Measurement could be made on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins.One would expect that there might be a higher degree of similarity in all characters measured for monozygotic twins,because they have the same genotype,provided that they are brought up in similar environments.Dizygotic twins do not show such a strong similarity since they have different genotypes,even if they come from the same environment.To measure the effect of differences in the environment，one would measure the same characters in monozygotic twins which by circumstance have been separated at birth,and then reared with different families in different social conditions.Intelligence is a quantitative trait,which does have a genetic component,but we should not assume that it has a single dimension of expression.There are severe limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale ranging from dull to bright,since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes.Any number of gene combinations may predispose an individual to,say,musical genius,or to painting,or to designing computer programs,or to sagacity for hunting and surviving in Arctic.The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another.Moreover,the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly different environments.For example,intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with nutritional state,illness and disease,educational,social and economic levels.Indeed,people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically naive.6.The scientists study twins in order to A measure if their intelligence can be molded by environment.B tell the differences between dizygotic and monozygotic twins.C search for the important social and educational implications behind them.D find out the contributions of heredity and the environment to intelligence.7.The word“cleavage”(Line 11,Para.2)probably means A whole B growth C area D division 8.Dizygotic twins reared in similar environment may behave differently because A they have the same genes.B they develop from separate embryos.C they have different genotypes.D they receive different education.9.To tell the environments effect on intelligence,scientists would study 学英语 找长喜 4 A dizygotic twins.B monogotic twins.C twins of the both kinds.D as more twins as possible.10.What might be the authors attitude toward IQ test?A It is applicable as intelligence can be measured quantitatively.B It is scientific because intelligence is decided mainly by genes.C It has restrictions to measure intelligence by a signal dimension.D It has no scientific support and should be abandoned.Text 3 The energy crisis,which is being felt around the world,has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster.The over-development of motor transport,with its increase of more cars,more highways,more pollution,more suburbs,more commuting,has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities,the breakup of the family,and the pollution not only of local air,but also of the earths atmosphere.The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war,revolution or depression.It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past.Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential.What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state,which endangers the future of our country,our children and our earth,but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures to loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land.There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all.In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves whole heartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet,who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans.There is a common need to reassess our present course,to change that course,and to devise new methods through which the world can survive.This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it,we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis confronting us and the world,a crisis that is no passing inconvenience,no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil producing countries,no environmentalists mere fears,no byproduct of any present system of government.What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years.What we need is a transformed lifestyle.The acceptance of this life style depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generations.11.Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?A Energy Crisis B Environmental Pollution C Loss of Morality D Over-development of Motor Transport 12.According to the first paragraph,what condition has nearly destroyed our cities?A Lack of financial planning.B The breakup of the family.C Natural disasters in many regions.D The excessive growth of motor transportation.学英语 找长喜 5 13.According to the passage,an example of our loss of morality is A lack of cooperation.B lack of devotion.C disregard for law.D exploitation of resources.14.“The highest places in the land”in the third paragraph most probably refers to A mountainous areas in the countries.B national government offices.C high positions in the business.D core of crime organizations.15.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to A describe seriousness of the energy crisis.B reveal the loss of morality in many people.C call for more devotion to a common cause of mankind.D warn of the immediate dangers of the energy crisis.Text 4 Until the end of the 18th century it was men who lavished attention on their feet.Louis XIV wore high-heeled mules to show off his shapely legs;his courtiers adorned their figures and feet with feathers,pink silk,lace,and jewels;even in colonial American,men fussed with their wigs and the bows and buttons on their shoes.The end of that foppery,called“the great renunciation”by historians,coincided with an epochal shift in politics and society,toward democracy,industry,and reason,away from the aristocracy with its affectations that spoke of rank,parasitism and,to the modern eyes,effeminacy.Womens fashion is now,some believe,at the turning point of similar magnitude,coinciding with the equally dramatic social transformation of the past several decades.The change has been slow:a century-long move away from the padding,corseting,and decoration that made a woman into a kind of ornate bauble and displayed her familys wealth,and toward the clean,sleek modern lines first introduced with the suffrage movement.But the shift has accelerated in recent years,thanks to changes in the technology and business of fashion.“The use by top designers of weird,fabulous,unrecognizable synthetics”says Hollander,“has ruined the status of certain fabrics,like linen,which has had a leveling effect for the sexes and for the classes.”And the emergence of chains like Club Monaco means that“forward-looking style is disseminated very fast and very cheaply”,according to V alerise Steele,a historian and curator of“Shoes:A Lexicon of Style”,an exhibition now on view at New Yorks Fashion Institute of Technology.Such store have succeeded,she believes,because“theres substantial group of people with a sophisticated eye for design”who are eager for an affordable version of what was once thought to be“dog-whistle fashion”,pitched so high that only a few would get it.Against that background,the shoes at FIT look like fashions last gasp.The exhibit begins with the most symbolically loaded of womens shoes:high heels,which Steele calls“a prime symbol of womens sexual power over men.”That same defiance of feminine expectations is visible throughout the FIT show:in the boot,for instance,with its connotations of machismo and military power,or the androgynous oxford,made girlish with a big chunky heel.The show ends,fittingly,with the sneakers.No longer simply a downscale kidswear item,the big,brilliantly colored,high-tech sneaker has become one of the todays most dramatic fashion statement,asserting street hip and futuristic velocity.Maybe shoes arent so indifferent to the changes in modern lives,after all.学英语 找长喜 6 16.The end of mens lavish attention to fashion marked A great political and s
