延续性动词和短暂性动词笔记19864.pdf

1 持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间，此类动词有 do,live,have,keep,wear,sleep,wait,work,play,stay,know,sing,dance,write,study,rest,talk,walk 等.瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，此类动词有 open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,leave,move,borrow,buy,die,lend,join,catch,get,win,fail 等 一、持续性动词 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有 study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,slean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,write,sit,stand,lie,keep 等。二、瞬间性动词 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有 begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,get up,arrive,reach,get to,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,2 buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,take away,put up,set out,put on,get on/off 等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法 1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母亲从 1950 年起就住在上海了。）2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他参军已有 3 年了。）不能用 has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long 3 time（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗）不能用 has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated 17、joinbe in（）或 be amember a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用 have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought)this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow 4 I have kept(不能用 have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall(get)ill 3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall(get)asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 lose 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,5 wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay 等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy 等。Come-be here Go be there leavebe away,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbe on,diebe dead,move tolive in,finishbe over,joinbe in/be a member of,open sth.keep sth.open,feel illbe ill,get upbe up,catch a coldhave a cold 6 come here-be here,go there-be there,become-be,come back-be back,fall asleep-be asleep,get to/arrive/reach-be(in),leave-be away from,get to know-know,go(get)out be out，put on wear；例:The old man died 4 years ago.-The old man has been dead for 4 years.-It is 4 years since the old man died.-Four years has passed since the old man died.He joined the Party 2 years ago.-He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.7-I have had the book for 5 days.补充练习：1.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away 2.I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in 3.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened 4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become mustnt _ until he comes back.8 A.be away B.leave C.be left meeting _ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A.has been in B.has come to C.has taught _ a teacher for 4 years.A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 9.I _ home for a week.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned 10.How long _ he _ A.died B.has,died C.has,been dead 11.-How long can I _ the book -Two weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keep _ the car for a week.9 A.bought B.has bought C.has had long _ you _ ill -Two weeks.A.did fall B.have,fell C.have,been 2000,he _ his hometown.A.has left B.has moved away C.has been away from ll lend you the book,but you can only _ it for 2 days.A.borrow B.keep C.take bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far.A.has stopped B.stopped C.has been you _ the jacket these days A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.on _ for 2 hours.A.got up B.has got up C.has been up 10 19.Tom is ill in hospital.He _ a cold for several days.A.is B.catches C.has caught D.has had