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Unit 12 You cannot burn the candle at both ends.蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗 学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 得分统计 做题备忘 Part A Text 1 商业经济 445 /10 Text 2 文化教育 471 /10 Text 3 科普知识 397 /10 Text 4 社会生活 400 /10 Part B 社会生活 598 /10 Part C 科普知识 381 /10 Part A Directions：Read the following texts.Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1 Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further.We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work.Should we continue to treat employment as the norm?Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work?Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves,rather than for an employer?Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood,as well as the factory and the office,as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people s work has taken the form of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could offer the prospects of a better future for work.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people s homes.Later,as transport improved,first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In pre-industrial times,men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment,leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excludeda problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D Efforts and resources should be devoted to helping people to take other forms of work.2.According to the author,what should we do to cope with high unemployment?A Create situation in which people work for themselves.B Continue to treat employment as the norm.C Endeavor to revive the factory and the office as centers of production.D Encourage people to work in normal working conditions.3.The word“daunting”(Line 3,Para.3)most probably means A shocking.B interesting.C confusing.D stimulating.4.Which of the followings is a factor contributing to the spread of employment?A The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B The development of work patterns.C Relief from housework on the part of women.D The development of economic freedom.5.What can be inferred from the text?A Most people polled believe that we should pay attention to the high unemployment.B Many farmers lost their land when new facilities were being constructed.C In pre-industrial societies,housework was mainly carried out by women.D Some of the changes in work pattern have been reversed.Text 2 Getting ready to go back to school in the good old days of,say,1997 meant a few trips to the mall and the stationery aisle and a quick check of the bus route.This year,for many parents,there are some new things to remember:The teachers e-mail address,the schools website and which night online homework-help chat will be offered.“The 1999-2000 school year will be the one where the majority of parents really feel the Internets influence on their childrens education at the everyday level,”says Jonathan Carson,chairman and CEO of the Family Education Co.,which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology:Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu,read class notes,see activity calendars and view nightly homework assignmentsall online.“The schools are wired,”says Carson.“A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer,parents of high school German students in Ithaca,N.Y.got to be part of a class trip to Europe,through their home computers.The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page.Harry Ash,father of 16-year-old traveler Brian,found it reassuring to see his son s smiling face from half a world away.Before their kids left,parents had checked the site for scheduling information,a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it s designed well,a district,school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parent and the school,says Cynthia Lapier,Ithaca s director of information and instructional technology.“The more you can involve parents in school,the better.”Lapier says.“The technology gives us another way to reach them,especially parents of secondary school students,who tend to be less involved.”Ithaca high school physics teacher Stever Wirt gets e-mail from parents regularly,some from moms and dads he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern.Using software called Blackboard CourseInfo,Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going,by the end of this year,many parents may be fully convertedand in fact dependent upon their schools technological capabilities.At a recently wired school in Novi,Michigan,the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website.In that time,more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information.“A year ago,it never would have been there,”says Carson.“And now parents are finding it s tough to get by without it”6.Many parents now remember the teacher s e-mail address and the school s website because A by doing so they needn t go to the store to buy stationery for their children.B they can get the information of their children s school and the teachers.C the e-mail and the website can help them find out what their children do.D they can observe how the Internet affect their children s education every day.7.The sentence“A majority of”(Line4,Para.2)means that A the schools and parents are connected by the Internet so that teachers will leave school.B parents can find out what happens with their children in school by visiting Internet and so will the teachers.C parents and educators may discover that schools are strange by using computers.D parents now can teach their children and the teachers are to go.8.According to the text,what will be changed most?A The relationship between teachers and schools.B The connection between students and schools.C The relationship between parents and schools.D The association between websites and schools.9.The example of Ithaca high school is used to show A how important the school website is for parents to be involved in education.B that the school online can reassure the parents about what their children do.C how the parents of the students get to be part of a class trip to Europe.D it is more likely for parents to send teachers e-mails than to phone them.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Get Ready to Go to School.B Spread School Online Technology.C Start School with a Click.D Become School Webmaster.Text 3 The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning.On the other hand,its definition is difficult for many people.The meaning of the term is confused,but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives.Just to make the explanation as simple as possible,suppose science is defined as classified knowledge(facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy.For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths.There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations.For example,hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena.From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited.The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown.Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable;he must solve them.Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually,two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information.One,aimed at satisfying curiosity,is referred to as pure science.The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposesfor instance,improving health,raising standards of living,or creating new consumer products.In this case knowledge is put to economic use.Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards.Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death.The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another.Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago;however,one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell.The hosts of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries;they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.11.We may simply define science as A the study of unrelated subjects.B an attempt to explain natural phenomena.C the study of related fields.D labelled knowledge.12.A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach A applied science.B agriculture science.C pure science.D environmental science.13.Pure science,leading to the construction of a microscope,A may lead to antiscientific,“impure”results.B necessarily precedes applied science,leading to the discovery of a cell.C is not always as pure as we suppose.D necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell.14.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?A Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C In science,it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.15.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A The Nature of Science and Scientists B Biology and the Science and Scientist C Hypotheses and Theories D On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction Text 4 The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However,only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in English-Canadian universities.Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand,it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice,democracy and freedom.On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example,notions of evidence and fact,of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Polities or,more broadly,the functioning of the state,is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works,the better their reporting will be.In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly,there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.16.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by.A making a few comments.B illustrating his opinion.C explaining a phenomenon.D making several contrast.17.We may infer from the second paragraph that A law education is intended primarily for journalists.B journalists will comment on the news from the perspective of j