上海交通大学2001年春季博士生入学考试英语试题36388.pdf

上海交通大学 2001 年春季博士生入学考试英语试题 (Time:180 minutes)序号：A145 试题名称：英语 Part L Listening Comprehension(25)Section A:Spot Dictation Directions:In this section,you are going to hear a passage.The passage will he read only once.As you listen to the passage,fill in the blanks with the words you hear.After the passage,there will be a 3-minute pause.During the pause,you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students(1)the learning of English vocabulary.The results were urprising.Ill(2)three of them.firstly,most of the stcrdeaats think that(3)every word ill English has just one meaning.This is,of course:,completely(4)to the facts.A glance at any English dictionary will show this.The student will(5)find seven or eight meanings listed for(6)simple words.Whv,then,have these students made such a mistake:One reason irnay be that theyre.ill(7).students.Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning,and one meaning only.Another reason.,of course,could be the way in WhiCh these Student,Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner!L:nglish.(M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-,on the other sloe,a single tiord in the(Q)native language.lhe second attitude that(10)from the findings is equally mistaken.(11).,._ .all the students think that every word in English has an exact(12)-._._ equivalent.Again,this is far from the trijth.Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a(13)_._.W_.in the students native languial c.there are other(l4)ill translation which we wont mention here.(:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation(15)_._-._.is completely false.Translation machines,which tried to work on this(16 failed completely.The third resultof the investigation showed another(17)in the students thinking.They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word,theyre in a(18)_ to use it correctly.This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly(19)-for English.The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means.Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What,then,is the best way to increase ones vocabulary?This can be answered in three words-observation,(20)-.and repetition.Section B:Multiple Choice Directions:In this section,you will hear a passage.At the end of the passage,you will hear S questions.The passage and the question will be read only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer.Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21.A)It had no efFect on living cells.13)It had effects on living cells.C)It had effects only on children.I)It had effects only on adults.22.A)An increasing number of cancers in children.I3)A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C)A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1)A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1)234.24.A)Because he doesnt have enough evidence.R)Because other scientists have not studied his results yet.C.)Because he discovered no direct link between disease and electricity.D)Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet been proved.25.A)Health and environment.B)Electric current and the energy field.C)Electricity and cancer.D)Electrical workers and cancer.Section C:Question and Answer Directions:In this section,you will hear a passage.The passage will be read only once.Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard.Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26.Why arent most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27.Why do many small town doctors work long hours?28.What is the growing problem in the United States?29.How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979?30.Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o 5,000 dollar to?Part 11.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31.To qualify for such a position,the native would first have to receive specialized training,and this is A)refused B)discouraged C)denied D)forbidden 32.The little girl wore a very thin coat.A sudden gust of cold wind made her A)whirl B)shift C)shiver D)shake 33.Presently,there are nine teachers in my team,who have the task of teaching advanced English to more than 500 non-English majors.A)inclined B)hesitated C)afforded D)undertaken 34.The press demands that politiciansthe sources of their income.A)betray B)conceal C)disclose D)renew 35.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life,he became a m with a strong A)philosophy B)idealism C)morality D)personality 36.One new to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A)approach B)solution C)manner D)road 37.To maintain publicis not only the policemens duty but f every citizens responsibility.A)custom B)confidence C)security D)simplicity 38.All was dark in the district except for a candle through th curtains in one of houses.A)glimmering B)glittering C)flaming D)blazing 39.One of the standsand dozens of people were either killer or injured.A)destroyed B)collapsed C)corroded D)ruined 40.Me,afraid of him?he said with a(n)smile,Not me!A)contemptible B)amusing C)contagious D)contemptuous 41.He will simply no listen to anybody;he is to argument.A)impervious B)imperceptible C)impassable D)blunt 42.Stop asking all these personal questions!It is bad manners to be A)inquisitive B)impatient C)acquisitive D)informative 43.He between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A)hovered B)lurched C)wavered D)fluctuated 44.We are prepared to satisfy all your claim A legitimate B)legible C)intimate D)legislative 45.There is not a Greek word which is the exact_ of the English word stile.A)equivalent B)copy C)counterpart D)meaning 46.The prizes will be at the end of the school year.A)distributed B)attributed C)granted D)contributed 47.During our stay in Paris we were splendidly by the Italian Ambassador.A)sustained B)maintained C)retained D)entertained 48.On leaving,we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality _ to us and our friends.A)extended B)expanded C)expended D)awarded 49.If the dispute is not settled in a(n)_ way soon,the two countries will certainly go to war.A)amiable B)amicable C)inimical D)unfriendly 50,If I may be so as to advise you,my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A)generous B)humble C)proud D)bold 51.If you take a(n)course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A)intensive B)extensive C)expansive D)retentive 52.After a years hard work I think I am to a long holiday.10,A)entailed B)deserved C)entitled D)satisfied 53.Thousands of people from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A)emigrate B)leave C)abandon D)immigrate 54,lie was a member of the Hillary that conquered Mount Everest.A)mission B)invasion C)experiment D)expedition 55.It was my sad duty to _ the news of Johns death to his family.A)submit B)break C)say D)proclaim 56.He himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A)discerned B)distinguished C)discriminated D)extinguished 57.She his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A)inclined B)declined C)denied D)disinclined 58.He waswith attempted robbery and held in custody.A)accused B)prosecuted C)charged D)arrested 59.What the witness said in court was not with the statement he made to the police.A)prevalent B)relevant C)consistent D)coincident 60.Molly has always beep a(n)child;she becomes ill easily.A)delicate B)gloomy C)energetic D)confident 61.There are some very beautifully glass windows in the church.A)designed B)drawn C)marked D)stained 62.The man who never tries anything new is a(n)on the wheels of progress.A)obstacle B)brake C)break D)block 63.There is a sale at Hamfridges next week with in all departments.A)decreases B)subtractions C)reductions D)accounts 64.Doctors have long known that if a patient is _ that he will recover and is treated with sympathy,his pain will often disappear.A)assumed B)assured C)informed D)proved 65:Although most birds have only a sense of smell,they have acute vision.A genuine.B)negative C)negligible D)condensed 66.We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B)committed C)consigned D)assigned 67.If you never review your lessons,you will only have yourself to if you fail in your examination.A)complain B)blame C)mistake D)fault 68.We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go,so the game looked completely A)irresistible B)irremissible C irreplaceable D)irretrievable 69.Had the explosion broken out,the passagers in the plane should have been killed,for it was_timed with the planes take-off.A)spontaneously B)instantaneously C simultaneously D)conscientiously 70.The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able towho hard fired first.A)encounter B)highlight C testify D)identify Part III.Reading Comprehension(50 minutes,30 points)Directions:There are 6 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in 1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other.He was standing at the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent,friendly creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back.He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word More?The astonished astronomer went-to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.Oh,yes:Thats one of the words he knows,the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have,andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger.Sound travels much faster,and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a language in the real sense of the word?Scientists dont agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A language has a structure,or what we call a grammar.The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning.For example,the two questions Who loves Mary?and Who does Mary love?mean different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question Can dolphins speak?cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71.The dolphin leapt into the air because A)Sagan had turned his back B)it was part of the game they were playing C)he wanted Sagan to scratch him again D)Sagan wanted him to do this 72.When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done,the director A)didnt seem to think it was unusual B)thought Sagan was joking C)told Sagan about other words the dolphin knew D)asked him if he knew other words 73.Dolphins brains are particularly well-developed to A)help them to travel fast in water B)arrange sounds in different structures C)respond to different kinds of sound D)communicate with humans through sound 74.The sounds we call words can be called a language only if A)each sound has a different meaning B)each sound is different from the other C)there is a system of writing D)they have a structure or grammar（2）Married people live happily ever after in fairy tales,but they do so less and less often in real life.1,like many of my friends,got married,divorced,and remarried.I suppose,to some people,Im a failure.After all,I broke my first solemn promise to love and cherish until death us do part.But I feel that Im finally a success.I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage.This time around,the ways my husband and I share our free time,make decisions,and deal with problems are very different.I learned,first of all,not to be a clinging vine(依赖男子的妇女).In my first marriage,I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted.If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game,I felt rejected and talked him into staying home.I wouldnt accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it it meant that Ray would be home alone.I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together.In contrast,my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own.I have started playing racquetball at a health club,and David sometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends.When we are together,we arent bored with each other;our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when its time to make decisions.When Ray and I were married,I left all the important decisions to him.He decided how we would spend money,whether we should sell the car or fix it,and where to take a vacation.I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldnt have to take the responsibility when things went wrong.I could always end an argument by saying,It was your fault!With my second marriage,I am trying to be a full partner.We ask each others opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree.If we make the wrong choice,were equally guilty.When we rented an apartment,for example,we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the no pets clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing Ive learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems.David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults.If were mad at each other or worried and upset,we say how we feel.Rather than hide behind our own misery,we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it.Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis,but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times.I would lock myself in the spare bedroom.Ray would stalk out of the house,slam the door,and race off in the car.Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish th