专业英语第一学期课件.ppt

Water Supply&Drainage Engineering Specialized English(for Grade08,09)Li Dong Mei Faculty of Municipal Public Equipment,School of Civil&transportation EngineeringTo protect Water environment is our responsibility!Some requirements of grasping knowledge about Water treatment in the first term Main contents of instruction water resources and water crisis(lesson1 and extra introduction)water quality and water processing(lesson3,lesson58)Lecture(project report presentations will be held third times)Purposes:Purposes:after the course,the student should be able to after the course,the student should be able to comprehend knowledge of the main principles for comprehend knowledge of the main principles for water resources protection and water treatment water resources protection and water treatment processesprocesses explain the situation of water resources and solutions explain the situation of water resources and solutions of water crisis of water crisis explain fundamental mechanisms and technologies of explain fundamental mechanisms and technologies of pollutants removalpollutants removal explain the importance of water mornitoring and explain the importance of water mornitoring and management management grasp main principles and technologies of water grasp main principles and technologies of water treatment treatment apply the courses theories and methods for the apply the courses theories and methods for the analysis of particulates interaction and mechanism analysis of particulates interaction and mechanism apply conventional principles and technologies to apply conventional principles and technologies to remove pollutants.remove pollutants.mini-projectsStudy on the treatment efficiency of micro-pollutants contained in raw water in pearl river in Guangzhou:(1)NH3-N(concentration:1mg/L,3mg/L,8mg/L);(2)Natural organic matters(for short:NOM):humus(concentration:1mg/L,3mg/L,8mg/L);(3)Nitrobenzene(concentration:3mg/L);(4)surfactant-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate(for short:SDS,concentration:3mg/L)introduction of project dissolved micro-pollutants in water body include two parts:organic matters,metallic ions.The most tough problem is removal of dissolved low molecular weight organic matters1)properties of dissolved micro-pollution low molecular weight organic matters(1)low molecular weight:500 Dalton,size,P-AC(2)dissolvedAttached and Modify the surface properties of inorganic particles(3)low concentrationLimitation of conventional chemicals,microorganism2).treatment methodsPretreatment technology,Enhanced conventional processes,advanced treatment methods(1)Pretreatment processes:pre-oxidation,pre-biological treatment,P-AC adsorption(2)Enhanced conventional processes:Enhanced coagulation,settling,filtration(3)Advanced treatment methods:GAC adsorption,photo-catalysis oxidation,O3-GAC,O3-BAC,membrane filtration3).situations in ChinaEnhanced conventional processes are popular.Many kinds of dissolved micro-pollution low molecular weight organic matters are in rivers.Conventional theory and technology are the main part.(1)Pretreatment processes and problems:pre-chlorination(98%,for organic matters),pre-biological treatment(several),P-AC adsorption(water emergency,seldom)Problems:by-products(THMs),low efficiencies.(2)Enhanced conventional processes and problems:Enhanced coagulation(100%),and enhanced filtration(seldom).Problem:removal rate of dissolved micro-pollution low molecular weight organic matters 20-30%(3)Advanced treatment methods:GAC adsorption(20%),photo-catalysis oxidation(seldom),O3-GAC(20%),O3-BAC(seldom),membrane filtration(5-8%)Low efficiency of GAC adsorption,high energy consumption of oxidation,high cost of membrane.Why?cost and technologies(absent!)How to change the situation in China?The biggest problem is how to innovate enhanced conventional processes,how to improve the removal efficiencies of dissolved micro-pollution low molecular weight organic matters Land,money,technologies are limited,recognition cant follow Authoritative standards of the national water quality management GB5749-85GB5749-85生活饮用水卫生标准生活饮用水卫生标准 （卫生部）（卫生部）生活饮用水水质卫生规范生活饮用水水质卫生规范2001 2001 （卫生部）（卫生部）CJ/T2062005CJ/T2062005城市供水水质标准城市供水水质标准（建设部）（建设部）GB5749-2006GB5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准生活饮用水卫生标准（卫生部）（卫生部）SL308SL308村镇供水单位资质规范村镇供水单位资质规范 （水利部）（水利部）Revised 生活饮用水卫生标准生活饮用水卫生标准表表1 1 水质常规检验项目及限值水质常规检验项目及限值项项目目单单位位限限值值1、微生物学指标、微生物学指标*（4项项）总大肠菌群总大肠菌群MPN/100mL或或CFU/100mL不得检出不得检出耐热大肠菌群耐热大肠菌群MPN/100mL或或CFU/100mL不得检出不得检出大肠埃希氏菌大肠埃希氏菌MPN/100mL或或CFU/100mL不得检出不得检出菌落总数菌落总数CFU/mL1002、毒理学指标、毒理学指标（15项项）砷砷mg/L0.01镉镉mg/L0.005铬（六价）铬（六价）mg/L0.05铅铅mg/L0.01汞汞mg/L0.001硒硒mg/L0.01氰化物氰化物mg/L0.05氟化物氟化物mg/L1.0硝酸盐（以硝酸盐（以N计）计）mg/L10，水源限制时，水源限制时20三氯甲烷三氯甲烷mg/L0.06四氯化碳四氯化碳mg/L0.002溴酸盐（使用臭氧时）溴酸盐（使用臭氧时）mg/L0.01甲醛（使用臭氧时）甲醛（使用臭氧时）mg/L0.9亚氯酸盐（只用于二氧化氯消毒）亚氯酸盐（只用于二氧化氯消毒）mg/L0.7氯酸盐（只用于复合二氧化氯消毒）氯酸盐（只用于复合二氧化氯消毒）mg/L0.73、感官性状和一般化学指标、感官性状和一般化学指标（17项项）色色铂钴色度单位铂钴色度单位15浑浊度浑浊度NTU(散射浊度单位散射浊度单位)1，水源与净水技术条件限制时为，水源与净水技术条件限制时为3臭和味臭和味无异臭、异味无异臭、异味肉眼可见物肉眼可见物无无pHpH单位单位不小于不小于6.5；不大于；不大于8.5溶解性总固体溶解性总固体mg/L1000总硬度总硬度(以以CaCO3计计)mg/L450耗氧量（耗氧量（CODMn法，以法，以O2计）计）mg/L3(超过超过类水源原水类水源原水6mg/L时为时为5)挥发酚类（以苯酚计）挥发酚类（以苯酚计）mg/L0.002阴离子合成洗涤剂阴离子合成洗涤剂mg/L0.3铝铝mg/L0.2铁铁mg/L0.3锰锰mg/L0.1铜铜mg/L1.0锌锌mg/L1.0氯化物氯化物mg/L250硫酸盐硫酸盐mg/L2504.放射性物质放射性物质（2项项）总总放射性放射性Bq/L0.5总总放射性放射性Bq/L1.0表表2水质常规检验项目水质常规检验项目（根据所使用的消毒剂确定检验项目（根据所使用的消毒剂确定检验项目（4项）项）消毒剂名称消毒剂名称单位单位接触时间接触时间出厂水中出厂水中限值限值出厂水出厂水中余量中余量管网末梢水管网末梢水中余量中余量氯气及游离氯制剂氯气及游离氯制剂游离氯游离氯mg/L与水接触至少与水接触至少30min出厂出厂40.30.05氯氯 胺胺总氯总氯mg/L与水接触至少与水接触至少120min出厂出厂40.50.50.05臭臭 氧氧O3mg/L与水接触至少与水接触至少12min出厂出厂0.30.02；如加；如加氯氯,总氯总氯0.05二氧化氯二氧化氯ClO2mg/L与水接触至少与水接触至少30min出厂出厂0.80.10.02项项目目单单位位限限值值1、生物学指标、生物学指标（2 2项）项）贾第鞭毛虫贾第鞭毛虫个个/10L1隐孢子虫隐孢子虫个个/10L12、毒理学指标、毒理学指标（5959项）项）锑锑mg/L0.005钡钡mg/L0.7铍铍mg/L0.002硼硼mg/L0.5钼钼mg/L0.07镍镍mg/L0.02银银mg/L0.05铊铊mg/L0.0001三三卤卤甲甲烷烷（三三氯氯甲甲烷烷、一一氯氯二二溴溴甲甲烷烷、二二氯氯一一溴甲烷、三溴甲烷之总和）溴甲烷、三溴甲烷之总和）该该类类化化合合物物中中每每种种化化合合物物的的实实测测浓浓度度与与其各自限值的比值之和不超过其各自限值的比值之和不超过1 1一氯二溴甲烷一氯二溴甲烷mg/L0.1二氯一溴甲烷二氯一溴甲烷mg/L0.06三溴甲烷三溴甲烷mg/L0.1二氯甲烷二氯甲烷mg/L0.02表表3 水质非常规检验项目及限值水质非常规检验项目及限值（64项）1，2-二氯乙烷二氯乙烷mg/L0.031，1，1-三氯乙烷三氯乙烷mg/L2环氧氯丙烷环氧氯丙烷mg/L0.0004氯乙烯氯乙烯mg/L0.0051，1-二氯乙烯二氯乙烯mg/L0.031，2-二氯乙烯二氯乙烯mg/L0.05三氯乙烯三氯乙烯mg/L0.07四氯乙烯四氯乙烯mg/L0.04六氯丁二烯六氯丁二烯mg/L0.0006二氯乙酸二氯乙酸mg/L0.05三氯乙酸三氯乙酸mg/L0.1三氯乙醛（水合氯醛）三氯乙醛（水合氯醛）mg/L0.01氯化氰氯化氰（以（以CN-计）计）mg/L0.07苯苯mg/L0.01甲苯甲苯mg/L0.7二甲苯二甲苯mg/L0.5乙苯乙苯mg/L0.3苯乙烯苯乙烯mg/L0.022,4,6三氯酚三氯酚mg/L0.2苯并苯并(a)芘芘mg/L0.00001氯苯氯苯mg/L0.31，2-二氯苯二氯苯mg/L11 1，4-4-二氯苯二氯苯mg/Lmg/L0.30.3三氯苯（总量）三氯苯（总量）mg/Lmg/L0.020.02邻苯二甲酸二（邻苯二甲酸二（2-2-乙基己基）酯乙基己基）酯mg/Lmg/L0.0080.008丙烯酰胺丙烯酰胺mg/Lmg/L0.00050.0005微微 囊囊 藻藻 毒毒 素素-LR-LRmg/Lmg/L0.0010.001灭草松灭草松mg/Lmg/L0.30.3百菌清百菌清mg/Lmg/L0.010.01滴滴涕滴滴涕mg/Lmg/L0.0010.001溴氰菊酯溴氰菊酯mg/Lmg/L0.020.02乐果乐果mg/Lmg/L0.080.082 2，4-4-滴滴mg/Lmg/L0.030.03七氯七氯 mg/Lmg/L0.00040.0004六氯苯六氯苯mg/Lmg/L0.0010.001六六六（总量）六六六（总量）mg/Lmg/L0.0050.005林丹（林丹（-六六六）六六六）mg/Lmg/L0.0020.002mg/L0.250.003mg/L0.02mg/L0.009mg/L0.002mg/L0.007mg/L0.03mg/L0.001mg/L0.7mg/L0.5mg/L0.02马拉硫磷马拉硫磷对硫磷对硫磷甲基对硫磷甲基对硫磷五氯酚五氯酚莠去津莠去津呋喃丹呋喃丹毒死稗毒死稗敌敌畏（含敌百虫）敌敌畏（含敌百虫）草甘膦草甘膦3、感官性状和一般化学指标、感官性状和一般化学指标（3 3项）项）氨氮（以氨氮（以N计）计）硫化物硫化物钠钠mg/L200Methods and Requirements of presentationAll the students shall be placed in 16 groups of 6-7 persons each,and given a specific task(by drawing lots).Group project report presentations will be held third times on some plenary day and everyone must make speech for 2mins.Discussions and/or challenges should be everyone taken on!In each group,the students shall be required to write a report on the specific task work.The report should be written in English as far as possible with 1000 words or so.Oral presentation of the report shall be given on some plenary day each project for 45 min including questions.Requirement on ReportingIntroduction:purposes,significances,contents,necessary proceduresOrganization groupsteamworkMakingaplan,assignmentCommunication,discussion,optimumplanAssignment,collaborationCommunication,discussion,resultsPresentationAssessment:Report;presentation;responsetoproblems;commentsfromothergroup Supervision and tutoring Method of Grading The report 20%weight on grading The oral presentation of the report and expression and accuracy of answers on some day 30%weight on grading Comments from other group 20%weight on grading A 0.5hr quiz on the final day 30%weight on gradingWords and expressions about water resourcesHydrologicCycleinaRiverBasinBreak down of water resources97.2%of all water2.8%of all water Hydrologic Cycle of the Worldliving organisms生物；生物；microorganism 微微生物生物total water总水量；总水量；solar energy 太阳能；太阳能；evaporation 蒸发蒸发transpiration 蒸发、发散、蒸腾作用蒸发、发散、蒸腾作用groundwater 地下水；地下水；fresh water 淡水、湖淡水、湖水水precipitation 降水、降水量、沉淀降水、降水量、沉淀water resources水资源；水资源；break down衰竭、枯竭衰竭、枯竭ice sleet and glacier 冰块与冰河（川）冰块与冰河（川）storage reservoir 水库贮水量水库贮水量characteristic residence time 特征停留时特征停留时间间shallow（deep）groundwater浅浅(深深)层地层地下水下水antarctic ice cap南极冰盖南极冰盖river basin河流流域；河流流域；water table 潜水潜水面面aquifer 蓄水层、含水层蓄水层、含水层ocean coverage海洋覆盖率海洋覆盖率 Annual Precipitationannual precipitation年降水量年降水量rainfall降雨、降雨量降雨、降雨量uneven distribution分布不均匀分布不均匀arid zones干旱区域干旱区域mm/yr毫米毫米/年年less than少于、不足少于、不足 Quantity of Water Available and Global Water Crisisquantity of water available有用水质有用水质,可获得的水质；可获得的水质；polar ice 极地冰川极地冰川global water crisis全球水危机全球水危机accessible 能取到的、可用的能取到的、可用的surface water 表面水、地表水表面水、地表水demand需求、需求量需求、需求量water shortage缺水缺水;pollution 污污染染water supply给水、供水给水、供水urban areas城区、都市地区城区、都市地区water balance calculation水平衡计算水平衡计算per capita每人、每人、/人人;treat 处理处理developed countries发达国家发达国家developing countries发展中国家发展中国家management organization管理机构管理机构higher standard较高标准较高标准a high rate of water use高耗水率高耗水率water resources within their reach在能触及的水资在能触及的水资源范围内源范围内water withdrawals水消失水消失,水撤退水撤退,水抽取水抽取Questions:Please develop your imaginative powers to describe the following questions,and say why in English:1.how many kinds of water sources are there in the world?2.What kind of situations water resources is in our country at present?3.Can you say something about the effects of water quality?Is it serious if it is bad?4.What measures can you take to solve the tough problems of water shortage and water crisis?Unit 3 Basic Factor in Water Quality Analysiscolloidal 胶体（状、质）的胶体（状、质）的suspension 悬悬浮浮（液液）,suspended (悬悬浮浮的的)；dissolved 溶解的溶解的；matter 物质，物质，impurity 杂质杂质potable 可可饮饮用用的的,potable water or drinking water(饮用水饮用水);potability:可饮用性；可饮用性；detract 降低，减损降低，减损,扣除扣除rayon 人造丝；人造丝；cellulose 纤维素纤维素starch 淀粉淀粉;odour 气味，臭气气味，臭气secretion 分泌液分泌液;fungi 真菌真菌phenol.（苯）酚苯）酚;chlorine 氯（气）氯（气）Mal odorous 恶臭的恶臭的;chloro phenols 氯酚氯酚objectionable 讨厌的，有异议的讨厌的，有异议的combat 和和作斗争，反对作斗争，反对break-point chlorination 折点加氯折点加氯activated carbon 活性炭活性炭chlorine dioxide 二氧化二氧化氯氯ozone 臭氧臭氧;silica 氧化硅氧化硅Transparency 透明（性、度）透明（性、度）mastic 胶粘剂胶粘剂;ascertain 确定，查明确定，查明p.p.m 百万分之（几）百万分之（几）Coalesce 凝聚凝聚;coagulation 凝结、混凝凝结、混凝aggregate 聚集聚集,凝聚凝聚 flocculate 絮凝絮凝,凝聚凝聚Bacterio logical 细菌细菌学的学的De colorize 漂白漂白;de-除，去除，去(see P54)conductivity 传导传导性；性；resistivity 电阻电阻性性;periodic 定定期期的的；unsuspected 未未知知的的;multiplication 增加，乘；增加，乘；multiply/time 乘乘alkaline 碱性，碱性的碱性，碱性的;corrosive 腐蚀的腐蚀的 acidity 酸性酸性(度度)；alkalinity (强强)碱性碱性,碱度碱度Explanation difficulties of this unit1.water analysis:水水(质质)分析；分析；colo(u)r:色度色度2.colloidal organic matter:胶态胶态有机物有机物；3.used for:用于；用于；domestic purposes:家庭用水；家庭用水；4.give rise to:引起，导致，造成；引起，导致，造成；5.odo(u)r and taste:臭和味臭和味;6.water sample:水样水样;take samples:取样取样7.in small quantities:微量，少量；微量，少量；8.water sources:水水源源；water resources:水水资源资源9.turbidity:浊浊度；度；concentrated:浓缩的浓缩的10.the content of matter:物质的物质的含量含量；11.concentration:浓度浓度(such as high:高浓度高浓度)；12.finely divided suspended matter:细小细小地分地分离开的悬浮物质离开的悬浮物质(即分散的细小悬浮颗粒即分散的细小悬浮颗粒)；13.the content of the colloidal particles:胶体胶体颗粒颗粒(或粒子或粒子)的含量的含量(或浓度或浓度)；14.settle:沉淀沉淀；filter:过滤；过滤；15.eliminate:消除消除,去除去除,remove16.deposit:沉积沉积(物物),沉淀沉淀(物物);sediment:沉积沉积物；物；precipitate:沉淀物；沉淀物；17.pipe:管道；管道；water supply pipe network(给水管道系统或给给水管道系统或给水管网水管网)；18.tank:水槽水槽,池子；池子；sedimentation(or settling):沉淀池沉淀池;e into contact with:be related with:与与相关联；相关联；20.process:工艺工艺;water treatment:水处理工水处理工艺艺21.direct filtration:直接过滤；直接过滤；21.indication:指示指示(度数度数);indicator:指示剂；指示剂；22.water supply project(or works):供水工供水工程程23.the mains:干管或水厂或主要用水点；干管或水厂或主要用水点；24.play an important part(or role)in:在在方面起着重要的作用方面起着重要的作用Questions:Questions:Please answer the following questions Please answer the following questions according to the text and knowledge yow according to the text and knowledge yow have owned in English:have owned in English:1.How many kinds of impurities contain in raw water?2.Do you think water monitoring is important?Why?EffluentIntakewithscreenclarifierorsettlingtankMixingtankflocculatorSludgethickening&dewateringDisinfectiontankSandfilterSchematic diagram of conventional water treatment for surface waterUnit 58 water processing Explanation difficulties1.water processing:水水工艺工艺/水加工水加工/水处理水处理;2.bacteriological:细菌学的，细菌学上的；细菌学的，细菌学上的；3.human consumption:人类用水；人类用水；water consumption:用水，用用水，用/耗水量；耗水量；4.aesthetically:审美地，美学上地，感官地；审美地，美学上地，感官地；boiler:锅炉锅炉;cooled water:冷却水；冷却水；5.feed water:供水，补给水；供水，补给水；6.demineralize:脱矿；脱矿；desalinate:脱盐脱盐7.scale:垢层，结垢，生水垢；垢层，结垢，生水垢；scale deposits:垢的沉积物垢的沉积物;8.municipal supply:城市给水，城市供水；城市给水，城市供水；9.deep/shallow well:深深/浅井浅井;10.uncontaminated:未未受受污染污染的；的；pollute11.disinfection:消毒；消毒；sterilization:杀菌；杀菌；12.fluoridation:氟化反应，加氟作用；氟化反应，加氟作用；13.residual:残留的，剩余的；残渣，剩余物；残留的，剩余的；残渣，剩余物；14.free/combined chlorine residual:自由性自由性余氯，化合性余氯；余氯，化合性余氯；chlorinate 用氯消毒用氯消毒 15.dental caries:氟斑牙；氟斑牙；rust:锈；锈；16.iron and manganese:铁和铁和镁；镁；17.potassium permanganate：高锰酸钾高锰酸钾18.hardness:硬度；硬度；settleable:可沉降的可沉降的19.aeration:曝气，通风；曝气，通风；aerobic:好氧的；好氧的；anaerobic:厌氧的，厌氧的，digester:厌氧消化池；厌氧消化池；20.strip out:吹吹脱；脱；21.oxygen:氧气；氧气；oxidize:(使氧化使氧化)；oxidant:氧化剂；氧化剂；22.eutrophication:富营养化，超营养化作富营养化，超营养化作用用23.watershed:分水岭；分水岭；outfall:河口，出口；河口，出口；sewer:下水道，污水管；下水道，污水管；sewage:污水污水sewer discharge:污水排放口污水排放口(influent,effluent)For water supply works:inlet,outlet.24.silt:淤泥，泥沙，淤泥，泥沙，(使使)淤塞；淤塞；25.waterworks:给水给水/供水系统供水系统,自来水厂自来水厂(water plant),喷水装置喷水装置;26.clarification:澄清，净化澄清，净化(purification);27.coliform bacteria:大肠杆菌；大肠杆菌；28.algae:藻类，海藻；藻类，海藻；29.prechlorination:预预加氯；加氯；30.presedimentation:预预沉淀沉淀31.preliminary step(treatment):初级阶段初级阶段(一一级处理级处理)；Secondary step(treatment)：二级：二级处理，处理，tertiary step(treatment):三级处理三级处理32.in series:连续地，串联；连续地，串联；in parallel:并联；并联；33.treated/finished water:处理后出水，终了处理后出水，终了水；水；34.sludge:污泥；污泥；backwashing:反冲洗；反冲洗；35.continuously:连续地；连续地；intermittently:间歇间歇地；地；36.waste disposal:废物处置；废物处置；37.watercourse:水道，河道；水道，河道；38.water purification:给水净化给水净化Unit 6 coagulation and floculationNew words and expression:1.neutralization 中和中和;charge:电性电性中和中和often for explaining coagulation mechanism of inorganic coagulants to colloidal particles;besides,for cationic polymer)；2.flocculation 絮凝絮凝;bridging:架桥絮凝架桥絮凝often used for explaining bridging flocculation mechanism of high molecular weight flocculants such as polymer to colloidal particles；mechanism 机理机理SchematicdiagramForcesactingontheparticlesandchargeneutralizationmechanismColloidalparticulatesoftenpossessnegativechargesThislayercanbecompressedafteradditionchemicalsFig2 ter