[研究生入学考试]工程硕士英语考前辅导.ppt

1工程硕士英语考前辅导工程硕士英语考前辅导n考试要求、考点、题型分析考试要求、考点、题型分析2考试要求考试要求全国硕士学位研究生入学资格考试外语运用能力测试的词汇与语法局部共10题.5题为词汇题五题为语法题.词汇题主要是考查考生掌握并熟练使用英语词汇及短语的能力.根据考试大纲规定,考生应领会式掌握4,250个左右单词和500个常用词组,并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词;着重要掌握名词,动词,形容词,短语和固定搭配,其中包括同义词,反义词,形近词等的辨析.3考点及题型分析考点及题型分析n n短语类题型短语类题型短语类题型短语类题型n n-理解题意理解题意理解题意理解题意,去伪存真去伪存真去伪存真去伪存真 n n短语类试题是词汇局部比较主要的一个考点，短语类试题是词汇局部比较主要的一个考点，短语类试题是词汇局部比较主要的一个考点，短语类试题是词汇局部比较主要的一个考点，主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的固定词组如固定词组如固定词组如固定词组如aboveall,inthat,otheraboveall,inthat,otherthan,ratherthanthan,ratherthan等等等等)。做好这类题目主要依。做好这类题目主要依。做好这类题目主要依。做好这类题目主要依靠学生平时的掌握与积累靠学生平时的掌握与积累靠学生平时的掌握与积累靠学生平时的掌握与积累,特别是一些常用动特别是一些常用动特别是一些常用动特别是一些常用动词如词如词如词如go,put,fall,give,take,come,keep,go,put,fall,give,take,come,keep,get,bring,make,hold,turn,look,ask,get,bring,make,hold,turn,look,ask,stand,lay,live,run,callstand,lay,live,run,call等与介词或副词的等与介词或副词的等与介词或副词的等与介词或副词的常用搭配应牢记在心。常用搭配应牢记在心。常用搭配应牢记在心。常用搭配应牢记在心。42005年真题中相关题目1.Tospeedupyourentry,pleasebringyourAdmissionCardwithyou.2.Sochildlesscoupleswillsufferdiscriminationfromfamilymembersandneighbors.(closeNo.39)5单词辨义题型单词辨义题型 -分析选项,消除干扰n单词辨义是词汇题中的另一大题型.可以把它分为词义辨析,近义词辨析和形近词辨析.这种题目对考生的词汇量要求很大.反过来说,也是对考生词汇量掌握情况的有效检验。考生在解此类题目时要注意仔细分析各个选项,逐一排除干扰项.词义辨析词义辨析还比较单纯考词汇量,选择项中的词之间词义都很明确,只要理解题干的意思便可作出准确选择.如:ThefirstOlympiadissaidtohaveconsisted_ofa200-yardfootracenearthesmallcityofOlympia.A)nearlyB)completelyC)merelyD)identicallyIdidnt_totakeataxibutIhadtoasIwaslate.A)meanB)assumeC)hopeD)suppose2005年真题:P206(清华)No.9;No.10 近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析 近义词辨析是三者中最难的一项.它不仅考查考生的词汇量，而且考查考生在面对词与词之间存在共同概念的干扰时,如何找出区别而最终作出正确判断.Manyoldpeopleinthecitiesfindthemselvesunabletogetusedtotherapid_ofcitylife.A)rate B)speed C)step D)paceGenerally_,theclimatehereismostsuitablefortheoldpeople.A)speaking B)telling C)saying D)talking 82005年真题中相关题目nEveryyear,thousandsofcollegestudentsapplyfortheCCTVCupEnglishSpeech_.nA.ArgumentB.quarrelnC.DebateD.ContestnArgue:argueagainst辩驳辩驳narguefor(infavorof)为为辩护辩护nDebate:debate(up)on讨论讨论,辩论辩论 形近词辨义形近词辨义 形近词辨义的难度界于上述两者之间,主要是从相似的拼写或发音方面给考生造成干扰,如果考生对某个词记忆不深,模棱两可的话,就很容易陷入被动.因此归根到底,这种题型仍是以考查单词词义为主.Thenewcurrencywillgetinto_soon.A)circuit B)circulation C)circular D)circleThe captain of the ship _ the passengers that therewasnodanger.A)assured B)ensured C)secured D)insured _hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.A)Dislike B)Unlike C)Alike D)Liking 搭配关系题型搭配关系题型 -仔细推敲仔细推敲,逐一排除逐一排除 英语中的搭配关系多种多样,除了在短语题型里介绍过的动词与介词,动词与名词的搭配,考试中还常会考到形容词与介词,形容词与名词,名词与介词等.考生在遇到有些搭配不那么肯定的情况下一定要沉着冷静,对各个选项仔细推敲,并放入句中利用语感和平时做题的经验进行逐一排除.如：Hewasatalentedfootballplayerasaboy,buthenever_hisearlypromise.A)concluded B)completed C)performed D)fulfilled语法语法考试要求如词汇局部所述,语法题与词汇题出现在同一局部,共5题.属单项选择题。语法是解决其他题型的根底和关键。要学好语法不能满足于记住了多少条语法规那么,更重要的是掌握它们的用法。虽然这局部只有5题,但这局部可被看作是对语言知识的考核,因此这一局部在整个考试中有举足轻重的地位,考生对这局部试题的完成准确率可以反映考生的英语根底知识打得牢不牢固。测试范围根底语法测试要求考生不仅能正确完成语法知识题,还能够举一反三,灵活运用到其他考试题型中如阅读理解,完形填空等,这就需要考生具体掌握以下几点知识.1.名词,代词的数与格的构成及用法:Book/books,tomato/tomatoes;tooth/teeth(变内部元音)deer/deer,means/means(词形不变/通形名词)criterion/criteria,syllabus/syllabi(外 来词)132.形容词,副词的比较级 和最高级的构成及用法.3.动词的根本时态，语态的构成形式及用法 见真题No.24.非谓语动词的构成形式及用法 见真题No.45.虚拟语气的构成形式及用法6.各类从句的构成形式及用法7.强调句的构成形式及用法8.倒装句的构成形式及用法 见真题No.79.主谓一致的用法14阅读理解阅读理解阅读局部的测试要求及测试范围阅读局部的测试要求及测试范围测试要求测试要求阅阅读读局局部部共共设设20题题。短短文文4篇篇。要要求求考考生生在在理理解解短短文文的的根根底底上上从从每每题题的的四四项项选选择择中中取最正确答案。取最正确答案。阅阅读读局局部部的的考考试试目目的的是是测测试试考考生生从从阅阅读读材材料料中中获获取取信信息息的的能能力力。要要求求考考生生既既具具备备答答题题的的准准确确性性，也也要要求求考考生生具具备备一一定定的的答答题题速度。主要测试以下能力：速度。主要测试以下能力：(1)掌掌握握测测试试材材料料的的中中心心思思想想、主主要要内内容容和和细节；细节；(2)对对测测试试材材料料的的内内容容进进行行一一定定的的判判断断和和推推理；理；(3)理理解解某某些些词词和和句句子子的的意意义义或或上上下下文文之之间间的逻辑关系；的逻辑关系；(4)领会作者的观点并能判别作者的态度。领会作者的观点并能判别作者的态度。151.掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容 和细节nBeedancingisafascinatingfieldofstudy.Scientistshavediscoveredthatbeescommunicatecertaininformationaboutfoodsourcesbythedirectiontheyface,themannerinwhichtheymove,andtheintensitywithwhichtheymakenoise.However,becausebeedancingappearstovaryaccordingtospecies,beecommunicationprobablymustberegardedasinheritedratherthanlearnedbehavior.16Question1:nWhatisthetopicofthepassage?nA)beebehaviornB)beecommunicativemovementsnC)beedancingnD)learnedbehavior17Question2:nBeedancingconsistsof:nA)silentmovementB)movementandsoundC)soundonlynD)flightpatterns18(2)对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断 和推理；nDonotbelievethattherunningofahighlysuccessfulmultinationalbusinessmustrestwhollyupononeman,asoneleadermustbereplaceableifthebusinessissoundandstableandtheshareholdersaretobeprotected.19找出你认为最能表达出原文的一条选项nA)AmultinationalbusinessneedsmorenthanonemanasatopleadernB)AleadermustnotbeirreplaceablenC)Acompanymustoftenreplaceitsleader.nD)Leadershipmustbedeterminedbythenshareholdersfortheirprotection20(3)理解某些词和句子的意义 或上下文之间的逻辑关系；nBeautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassthpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.21Theword“liabilitymostprobablymeans_.nA)misfortuneB)instabilitynC)disadvantageD)burden22(4)领会作者的观点 并能判别作者的态度。nAdvertisingplaysamajorroleinthedistributionofgoodsfrommanufacturerstoconsumers.Itprovidesaneffectivewayforsellerstoinformbuyersaboutproducts.Advertisingthushelpsmanufacturersselltheirproductsandbenefitsconsumersbyprovidingthemwithshoppinginformation.23nWhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsadvertising?A)negativeB)PositiveC)IndifferentD)Notclear24阅阅读读理理解解测测试试是是一一项项检检查查考考生生阅阅读读理理解解应应用用能能力力的的测测试试局局部部学学生生平平时时的的阅阅读读量量较较小小，阅阅读读能能力力欠欠佳佳，大大学学毕毕业业已已假假设设干干年年的的考考生生尤尤其其如如此此。因因此此，对对考考生生进进行行考考前前阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。1)解题步骤解题步骤考考前前阅阅读读理理解解训训练练一一般般要要求求考考生生在在处处理理阅阅读读材料时遵循以下步骤：材料时遵循以下步骤：阅阅读读选选项项,略略读读全全文文,领领会会大大意意,寻寻读读对对照照,准准那那么判断么判断解题步骤及策略解题步骤及策略 252)解题策略n应考虑阅读的四个层次及其把握：n第一层次是对单词和短语的理解；n第二层次是对句子的理解；n第三层次是对段落的理解，即通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系得出该段落的结构和大意n第四层次是对篇章的理解，即通过分析段与段之间的逻辑关系得出整篇文章的结构和大意。26n在实际阅读过程中，上述四个层次是互相联系、不可截然分开的。在大多数情况下，正确的阅读方法，要把对文章细节的阅读与其整体篇章大意的阅读相结合，而以从上下文连贯的篇章大意理解为主线来进行。27n利用上下文，猜测词义nHe is successful as a businessmanbecauseofhisdynamicpersonalityHeseemstohaveunlimitedenergynThe expensive curtains and luxuriouscarpets were the only remaining signsofthehousesformeropulence.nA)povertyB)wealthnC)conditionD)uglinessn282根据同义、反义关系确定词义n阅读中，特别是要注意表示反意的信号词：nincontrast，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，however，yet,although，while，unlike，but，whereas，asopposedto等。n例:MysisterMarieisanoptimist，whileherboyfriend is one who is always gloomy andexpectstheworsttohappenn29利用标点符号/利用构词法猜测词nAgorillaalwaysmakesmethinkoftheword aloofnot friendly,of distancefromothers.Theyoverestimatetheintervieweesability and asked him many difficultquestions30HaveaTry(Reading)nItistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothe complex,so does the organizationthroughwhichiteducates itschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducation is to meet new needs anddemands.31nInaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable,and special individuals areentrustedwiththetask.32Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroupthechurch,village,andthelike-willberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.33Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovincebecomesnecessary.Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.341.1.1.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis:A)Themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes.B)Thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem.C)Socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes.D)Oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildrenseducationalrequirements.35Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor_.A)moreparentalinfluenceineducationB)aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount.C)strictstatecontrolofeducationD)morespecialtrainingforteachers.36Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomeinfluentialisthatA)teachersbecometoopowerfulB)enrollmentincreasesC)aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachersD)thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation37Theauthorpromisestoexplain_.A)thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentunit.B)whyitiseasiertousethegovernmenttocontroleducationC)theresponsibilityofthesocialgroupD)whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren.38HaveanotherTrynAdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.nThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclare that he was against advertising because itpersuades rather than informs.He was drawingexcessively fine distinctions.Of course advertisingseekstopersuade.39QuestionsnThe author deems that the well-known TVpersonalityis_.nA)verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementonnadvertising.nB)interestedinnothingbutthebuyersattentionnC)correctintellingthedifferencebetweennpersuationandinformationnD)obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising40Key:DCue:“excessivelynFewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankindslongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.41Thelastbutonesentenceimpliesthat_nA)peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheirneyestoreality.nB)theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted.nC)over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalnthings.nD)fascinationmakespeoplelosetheirsight.42Explanation:nKey:c(就转折处设题n先排除B和D：绝不是在谈盲人问题。theblind,loseeyesight).n选项中Over-excited即原文中fascinated;n选项中Neglectvitalthings即原文中beblind(toseethefact)thatthesedamsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.43应用文类nAnintroductorycourseforstudentsnotmajoringinphysics,chemistryorbiologybutwhorequireaknowledgeoffundamentalphysicalprinciples.Somemathematicalpreparationisneeded.Prerequisite:Math95,orequivalent.Threelectures.3hrs.Laboratoryexperimentsillustratephysicalprinciples.44问题nThiscoursecanbestbedescribedas_.nA)abasicphysicscoursenB)amathematicscoursenC)anintroductoryexperimentcoursenD)alaboratoryexperimentcourse45完形填空完形填空完形填空局部的测试要求及测试范围完形填空局部的测试要求及测试范围要要求求考考生生阅阅读读一一篇篇难难度度适适中中的的短短文文约约150200个个英英文文单单词词，考考生生需需运运用用自自己己的的语语言言综综合合能能力力，在在全全面面了了解解文文章章内内容容的的根根底底上上，选选择择最最正正确确答答案案，使使短短文文的的意意思思和和结结构构完完整整、合理。合理。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。46n最早的完形填空形式是每隔五个或五个以上的词一般为512个词等距地删去一个词。这种形式测试效率较低，因为同一个词可能屡次遇到，而且有的词测试意义不大。n因此，后来对这一做法进计了修正，修正后的做法是有选择地删去一定量的词。对删去什么词在命题时要经过仔细设计，反复推敲。一般来说，在被删去的词中，实词和虚词要各占一定的比例，词汇题和语法题要各占一定的比例，全局题和局部题要各占一定的比例。47测试范围测试范围nn完形填空题是以测试考生综合运用语言的能力为目的此题型可谓是“Tokillthreebirdswithonestone.。这种能力具体表达在以下三个方面：n1对词汇知识的掌握；n2对语法结构知识的掌握；n3对篇章阅读能力的掌握。n48Key:A多数历史学家不得不/尽管成认工业化提高了普通民众的生活水平nUntil recently most historians spoke verycritically of the Industrial Revolution.They_1_thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatly raised the standard of living for theaverageman.ButtheyinsistedthatnA)admittedB)believednC)claimedD)predicted49完形填空题的解题方法完形填空题的解题方法n1)通读全文，掌握大意。完形填空题的第一n句话一般都是完整的，而且它常常就是本n段、乃至全文的中心思想。n例如:n是选择Payattentionton还是drawonesattention，n关键在于把握主题句。50n2)根据上下文理清脉络并进行判断。n考生在做题时必须时时刻刻从上下文出发考虑，因为在大多数情况下，空缺项的填补都需要通过对上下文的分析才能作出判断.51例:nStangely enough,most young people getthemselvesemployedbyaccident,notknowingwhatlines in the way of opportunity for promotion,happiness and security._1_,they areemployed doing jobs that afford them little for no_2_.n1.A)forthetimebeingB)AsaresultnC)InthemainD)Ontheotherhandn2.A)focusB)enthusiasmnC)objectionD)satisfaction52Key:1.B2.Dn3)由易到难，各个击破。n一般来说，固定搭配，习惯用法最简单，考生只要记住了这些搭配及用法，可以很快找到答案。n然后可过渡到局部考语法知识的题目和根据上下文选择词义的题目。n最后可做需要全局性理解的题目，这种题目要求较高。531._ to somepartsofsouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becauseparts of the continentare still covered withthickforests.A)Appeal B)ContraryC)Access D)oppositeKEY:A搭配搭配54例:n2.Shedoesntlethimleavethetrainatfive-minuteinterval_hegetlost.nA)ifB)becausenC)asD)lestnKEY:D(语法)554)正确运用排除法。n有的题目中，有些一眼就可排除的选项，这些可首先排除，n然后把精力集中于较难取舍的选项上。n在遇有难以判断的选项时，也可把每一种选择都填入空中加以分析，根据上下文信息和一些语法知识，逐一排除掉错误答案和可能性很小的选择。n56nnDont put off doingwhat should be done todayuntiltomorrow._,donewithpleasure.nA)OtherwiseB)TherenC)NeverthelessD)MeanwhilenKEY:D语篇：起并列作用n57例:nThe ad says the suntan oil Solex canprotectyourskinagainsttheharmfuleffectoftheSuns_.nA)lightB)raysnC)beamsD)flashesnKEY:B(排除法)585)全篇复核，再次确认中心无误把所有题目都做出来以后，最好再把全文通读一遍，再次确认中心思想没有理解错误，以防止全盘皆错的惨局。Withalltheshortageoffundstheyhadnothadtheleastintentionofgivinguptheirresearch.59n简单的一句话，可有4个考点。复核时确定没有疏忽之处。nhaveanintentionof;nno/leastintentionof;ngiveup;nwithgiveup60n考考你：nHeisabitthicktodoitthatway.nFacethemusicnGildthelilynWhenever theres something to gain,healwayswantstohaveafingerinthepie.nHeisaJackofalltradesandmasterofnone.nWitha large familyofgrowing kids to feedand clothe,Her mother had difficulty inmakingendsmeet.61n太过分了。n面对困难局面；临危不惧n画蛇添足n参与其事，沾手光n杂而不精的人n量入为出，收支相抵62会话完成考试要求本局部为英语运用能力测试的最后一局部,通过完成对话的方式,重在考查考生实际运用英语进行交流的综合能力.题型为10段不完整的英语简短对话,在每段对话后有4个选项,要求考生选出其中一个正确答案.63Waiter:Welcome,sir.MayIhelpyou?nCustomer:_.nA)Thankyou.Illhavefriedtofuandstir-friedncauliflower.nB)Yes,please.Idlikeahamburgerandanchocolateshake.nC)Sorry.Idontneedyourhelp,thankyou.nD)Ifyouwanttohelpme,Illbegladtoacceptit.n64nGuest:Oh,itstenoclock.Idbettergonow.nHost:_.nA)Ok.Pleasewalkslowly.nB)Whydoyouwanttogonow?dontyounwanttostay?nC)Wontyoustayforanothercupofcoffee?nD)Yeah,itsreallylate.Whynotimmediately?65PhoneCallnWilson:Hello.MayIspeaktoPeter?nPeter:_.nA)Sorry,thenumberisengaged.Willnyouhold?nB)Yes,speaking.nC)Hello.Whoreyou,please?nD)Hello.Thankyouforcalling.66BetweenTwoPersonsnMan:DoyoumindifIsmokehere?nWoman:_.nA)Allright.Ifyoujustsmokeoneeachday?nB)Ofcoursenot-thisisanosmokingcompartment.nC)No,Imsorry.D)Well,yes,actually-thisisanosmokingcompartment.67Stillmoren1.Man:Wow!Howbeautifulyouaretoday!nWoman:_.nA)YouaresuchanicemannB)ItsnothingnC)dontmakeafussnD)Imgladtohearit.Thankyou!68n2.Man:Ihavetwoticketsfortonightsconcert.nCouldyougowithme?nWoman:Idliketo,butImbusytonight.nMan:_.nA)Allmyworkgoesfornothing.nB)Whatapity.Imsorry.nC)HowcouldIdosuchasillything?nD)Isitjustaswhatyousaid?69Goonwithitn3.Linda:Whatsthematterwithyou?nJack:Itstheboss.Ivetriedmybest,butnhestoohardtobepleased.nLinda:_.nA)Youlldoitbetternexttime.nB)Yeah.Itsreallyhardforyou.nC)TakeyourtimenD)Howcouldallthishappentoyou?70n4.Man:Whatsthenoiseupstairs?nWoman:Itseemstheyrewrestling.nMan:_.nA)Icantstanditanymore.B)Idontlikeit.nC)WhatashamenD)Itsastorminateacup.71n5.Oldman:Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherentherestroomsare?nYoungman:_.nOldman:Well,thankyouanyway.nYoungman:Notatall.nA)Taketheelevatortothesecondfloorandturnnright.nB)Imgoingtheremyself.Letmeleadyoutheway.nC)Yes.Itsjustaroundthecorner.nD)Imnotsure.Imastrangerheretoo.72分类记忆(水果,食物)n1.Shesthe_ofherfatherseyes.n2.Heisthetop_inthiscompany.n(mainboss)n3.Thecarisareal_.(worthlessthing)n4.I dont want to invite him,such a wet_.n5.Henhasgotthe_job.n(plum,banana,noodle,apple,lemon)n73Reference:n1.Shesthe_apple_ofherfatherseyes.n2.Heisthetop_banana_inthiscompany.n(mainboss)n3.Thecarisareal_lemon_.(worthlessthing)n4.Idontwanttoinvitehim,suchawetn_noodle_.(blanke