学位英语-虚拟语气教学课件.ppt
The Subjunctive Mood虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气语气的定义语气的定义语气是动词的一种语气是动词的一种形式，它表明说话形式，它表明说话人对某一行为或事人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度情的看法和态度。语气的种类语气的种类w1.陈述语气：表明动作或状态是现实的陈述语气：表明动作或状态是现实的确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a fine day it is!2.祈使语气祈使语气w表明说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令表明说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。等。Be careful!Dont forget to close the window.Open the door, please.3,虚拟语气虚拟语气w表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。If I were you , I should study English.I wish you could go with me.May you succeed!虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。w条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句。真实条件句真实条件句：假设的情况是有可能发生的。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不：假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反从句从句-过去式过去式(be通常用were)，主句主句-should (would, could, might)+动词原动词原形形”：If I knew her number I could ring her up. If he were free, he would help us. If he studied at this school, he would know you well.Should用于第一三人称用于第一三人称would表示结果，表示结果，might表示可能性，表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或表示能力、允许或可能性可能性 1.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 If you tried again you would succeed 。2，如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。，如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。 I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.3. If I _ (是是 )you , I _(就不会就不会)buy that coat.WereShouldnt 4.If I _(有有) a knife，I _(就杀了就杀了) you。Had would kill2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测w从句从句-did /should +do /were to dow主句主句-should/ would/ could/ might +dow If it rained tomorrow , our picnic would be put off.If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 3，与过去事实相反，与过去事实相反从句从句had done主句主句should/ would/ could/ might +have doneIf I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 2)要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他他 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 注意：注意：1，条件从句的谓语动词为，条件从句的谓语动词为be时，时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用用were，但在口语或非正式文体中，但在口语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也可用可用was，不过在，不过在 If I were you这这样的表达中，通常还是以用样的表达中，通常还是以用were为为宜。宜。 2）当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有）当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，时，if可省略，而将可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如等词置于句首。如：If he should agree to go there, wewould send him there.Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. If he had learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. If she were here, she would agree with us Were she here, she would agree with us 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，逐句和从句的在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，逐句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件句从句和谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：主句的动词形式列表如下：动词形式时间动词形式时间从句从句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反did（be 的过去式的过去式常用常用were）wouldShouldCould +动词原形动词原形might与过去事实相反与过去事实相反Had+donewouldShouldCould +have done Might与将来事实可能相与将来事实可能相反，或将来的愿望反，或将来的愿望did/should+doWere to dowouldShouldCould +动词原形动词原形might虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气的其他用法一，一，wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反-一般过一般过去时去时2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反-过去完过去完成时成时3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反-过去过去将来时将来时1.I wish_(他再试一次)he would try again2.I wish _(和你一样年轻)I were as young as you3.I wish_(我看过这部电影)I had seen that film4.I wish_(我将来当个医生)I would become a doctor二，二，advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议建议) 表示请表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的结构为：的结构为：(should) + 原形动词原形动词 The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul 三，三，It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that 后接主语从句时后接主语从句时advice, desire, order, plan, , recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语后接同位语从充当句子的主语后接同位语从句，或表语从句时句，或表语从句时从句中都用从句中都用(should)+doWe followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help He told us his idea that he should go to university His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. It is suggested that he should go to visit his old friend.四，四，as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反与现在事实相反一般过去时；一般过去时；与过去事实相反与过去事实相反过去完成时；过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大表示将来的可能性不大would (might, could)+动词原形动词原形：I love you as if_(你是我儿子你是我儿子)you were my son. They talked as if_ (以前见过面以前见过面)They had met each other beforeThey are happy as if_(他他们要去月球了们要去月球了)They would go to moon五，五，It is (high) time that 到了到了.的时候了的时候了It is time that + 过去时过去时It was time that +过去完成时过去完成时六六 , would rather 宁愿，用法同宁愿，用法同 wish, as if七，七，if only 要是要是就好了，用法同上就好了，用法同上 1，The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should giveC. be given D. would be givenExercise,2,Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he _ an Englishman. A. wereB. would beC. have beenD. had been 3,_ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain been C. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been4, If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would knowC. should knowD. knew5, Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studiedC. has studiedD. had studied 6, Mr Li required the computer equipment referred _ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to beC. to be D. to beingThank you!Bye-bye!
