定语从句高考点例析.ppt

定语从句高考点例析ProverbsHe who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。All is well that end well.结局好，一切都好。结局好，一切都好。Friendship is like health,the value of which is seldom know until it is lost.真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。Revision Attributive Clause（定语从句）定语从句）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词/关系词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:who whom that which whose关系副词关系副词:where when whySummary关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代关系代词词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that人物人物主宾主宾 which物物主宾主宾 who人人主宾主宾 whom 人人宾宾 whose(=of which)人物人物宾宾 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副关系副词词指代指代在从句中的作在从句中的作用用when(=at/in/on/during which)时间时间时间状语时间状语where(=in/at which)地点地点地点状语地点状语why(=for which)原因原因原因状语原因状语Attributive clause1.A good friend is someone _makes me happy.2.You have to survive without friends and all the things_you use in your everyday life.3.Chuck is a businessman _is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.4.He is a successful manager in a company _sends mail all over the world.5.Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend-a volleyball_he called Wilson.who/thatthatwho/thatthat/whichthat/whichDo the following execises.6.Is there anything _is not clear to you?8.There are more than 42 countries _ _the majority of the people speak English9.The number of people _learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.10.In china students learn English at school as a foreign language,except for those in Hongkong,_many people speak English as a first or a second language.thatwhereWho/thatwhereHave a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语Have a try5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.()6.I like the person to whom you just talked.()7.We shall never forget the days(that)we spent together.()8.We shall never forget the days when we lived together.()定语介宾宾语状语考点一考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which3.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，修饰时，用用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.4.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用需用thatthat。e.g.A plane is a machine that can fly.考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it B B 考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 2.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which DD关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词 +of+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.从从2007年高考题看定语从句的考年高考题看定语从句的考查热点查热点典型考题：3.The book was written in 1946,_ the education system has witnessed great changes.（2007 山东）A.when B.during which C.since thenD.since when析：答案为D。since when=since 1946。句意为：这本书写于1946年，从那年开始教育制度经历了很大变革。4.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.（2007 北京）A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom析：答案为D。most of whom are healthy是一个非限制性定语从句，相当于 most of people are healthy。5.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.（2007 安徽）A.none of themB.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom析：答案为D。根据句意可知，这两个人都不想买这栋房子，因此选neither of whom。neither“两个都不”。从从2007年高考题看定语从句的考年高考题看定语从句的考查热点查热点6.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.（2007重庆）A.with which B.to whichC.of whichD.for which析：答案为B。本题是根据先行词的需要来选择介词的。todegree“的程度”。句意为：人类和动物的面部表情的区别在于他们能够有意识地控制表情的程度不同。7.It is reported that two schools,_are being built in my hometown,will open next year.（2007 四川）A.they both B.which bothC.both of themD.both of which析：答案为D。Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间的先行词是时间名词，名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。从句中做状语。e.g.1.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 2.It was an exciting moment for these people this year,_ for the first time their team won the World Cup.A.that B.while C.which D.when B D考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as和和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，但两者在用法上是有区别的。主句的意思，但两者在用法上是有区别的。as 引导的非引导的非限制性定语从句常用来表示说话人关于某事的依据、态限制性定语从句常用来表示说话人关于某事的依据、态度、解释或评论等，含有度、解释或评论等，含有“正如正如”的意思，可放在的意思，可放在主句的前面、中间或句末。而主句的前面、中间或句末。而which引导的非限制性定引导的非限制性定语从句，一般表示某事的状况或结果，只能放在主句的语从句，一般表示某事的状况或结果，只能放在主句的后面。后面。两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用反之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.Go on please!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如如be known，be said，be reported等等。位于句首时成。位于句首时成为一种固定用法：为一种固定用法：as is known to all,as has been said before等；等；如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.从从2007年高考题看定语从句的考年高考题看定语从句的考查热点查热点典型考题：8.By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_can be very eye-opening and rewarding.（2007 湖南）A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that析：答案为B。which引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句。考点六：考查定语从句和其他从句或句型的区别英语中的复合句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词性从句）。在高考英语试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，同学们在解题时应该注意弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法以及各从句的特点及区别。从从2007年高考题看定语从句的考年高考题看定语从句的考查热点查热点典型考题：9.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.（2007 浙江）A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why析：答案为A。where在这里引导表语从句。10._ matters most in learning English is enough practice.（2007全国卷II）A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which析：答案为A。What引导的是主语从句。句意为：学习英语的关键在于充足的练习。11.It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.（2007 重庆）A.whichB.itC.thatD.this析：答案为C。这是由“it is+强调部分+that”构成的强调结构，强调部分为not who is right but what is right。句意为；重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么是对的。Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_ that _whyit_Correct the sentences:13.Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked old.15.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.aswho_giveswhyCorrect the sentences:17.It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.18.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky.20.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_hasAsthat_Correct the sentences:21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24.The bike by which I travelled was his.as_Whose_that_on_Homework:2008高考定语从句试题高考定语从句试题1.(2008 安徽 26)All the neighbor admire this family._the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.why B.where C.which D.that2.(2008 全国2 16)The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that3.(2008 北京 28)Ill give you y friends home address,I can be reached most evenings.A.which B.when C.whom D.where4.(2008上海春季37)Villagers here depend on the fishing industry._ there wont be much work A.where B.that C.by which D.without which5.(2008上海卷38)We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whoseC.in which D.with which6.(2008重庆21)They will fly to Washington,they plan to stay for two or three days.A.where B.there C.which D.whenHomework:2008高考定语从句试题高考定语从句试题7.(2008四川4)For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further,_ New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which8.(2008浙江8)Yesterday she sold her car,_ she bought a month ago.A.whom B.where C.that D.which9.(2008福建31)By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which10.(2008湖南31)the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_ are beyond our control.A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that11.(2008江西35)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.whenC.who D.which12.(2008山东26)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when13.(2008江苏24)The Science Museum,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whereThanks for attention!Good bye!