精品：现在完成时态 (2).ppt
Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense现在完成时态一、一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）（过去分词）I _(finish)the composition already.He _(learn)English for three years.We/You/They.She.have finishedhas learned现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。She has gone.(She has gone.(她走了。她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出以看出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。He speaks French so fluently.He learned it in Paris.He was there for two years.He has studied French.(他学过法语。他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look!The blackboard is so clean now.He has cleaned the blackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这种用法常与这种用法常与already,just,yet,ever,never,before(句末句末)等连用等连用.I _(do)my homework already.He _(not finished)his homework yet._you ever _(be)to Haiwaii?We _ never _(see)such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean)the house.Please dont come in.They _(practice)this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet.yet.I havent seen the film yet.I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet.Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.I have seen the film already.用法用法2：表示动作或状态从过去：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来开始一直延续到现在甚至将来Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：要换成其相对应的延续性动词：buy borrow open close leave die join begin -have -keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on 标志词：标志词：for+一段时间一段时间,since+过去的时间点过去的时间点,these years,so far,in the past/last yearsWe _(learn)English for three years/since two years ago/since 2000.Mr.Green _(be)in China these years.They _(write)15 songs so far.The population _(grow)more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grownhave/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to 1.A:Wheres Jim,Li Lei?B:He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years.We _the Great Wall twice.Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。生过这一动作，与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。He has studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。He studied English for five years.（说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,Last year,in May,in+过过去某一年，去某一年，two days ago,the other day,just now等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时 当有当有 so far,in the past/last few days(在在过去过去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时接过去时间状语或过去时的句子间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成等常用现在完成时时 现在完成时和一般过去时He _(work)in our school for one year.He _(come)to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook)the supper already.They _(cook)the supper half an hour ago.has workedcamehave cookedcookedBye-bye!Bye-bye!
