英语人教版八年级下册语法课.ppt
Unit10Ivehadthisbikeforthreeyears.Section A 3Grammar focus-4c现在完成时：现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构：主语主语+have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句：have/has?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Yes,shehas.No,shehasnt.1.现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Haveyou?Hashe?常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes1.Ive already had dinner.2.He has just finished his homework.3.Mums cooked the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?一一 把下列句子改为一般疑问句。把下列句子改为一般疑问句。动词填空：动词填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecomeGrammarFocus表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如连用，如“for+段时间段时间”、“since+过去点时间过去点时间”、“since+过去时的从句过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间一段时间+ago”。且。且for与与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。引导的时间状语可以相互转换。（3）二者可以转换二者可以转换for+一段时间一段时间=since+一段时间一段时间+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。他到这儿已经有五个星期了。e.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearago.Ivelivedheresince1990Ihaventseenhimforthreeyears.如：如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4)since能引导时间状语从句能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时成时，从句用一般过去时)，而，而for则不能。则不能。含有含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀的现在完成时的用法歌诀:过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带。把时间带。Shesbeenatthisschoolsincefiveyearsago.二二 选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外否定句除外)。1.这本书我买了这本书我买了5年了。年了。Ihaveboughtthebookforfiveyears.()Ivehadthebookforfiveyears.()2.你哥哥参军多长时间了？你哥哥参军多长时间了？Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?()Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?()1.转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。成时。borrowkeepbuyhaveputonwearcatchacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowgettosleepsleep2.转化为转化为“be+形容词形容词/副词副词/介词介词/名词名词”begin/startbeongooutbeoutclosebeclosedopenbeopengetto/arrive/reachbe(in)diebedeadleavebeawayfinishbeoverfallsleepbeasleepjoinbein/beamemberofbecomebemakefriendsbefriendscome/go/be+相应的介词短语相应的介词短语Theoldmandied4yearsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.Ihavehadthebookfor5days.如：如：4aRewrite the sentences using for or since.1.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.Theyhavebeenhungryfortenhours/sincetenhoursago.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreeyears.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.4bFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1.I_(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_(neverown)anypets,butthey_(alwayswant)tohaveadog.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedalwayswant3.We_(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4.CathyandAmy_(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They_(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.havehadboughthaventbeenmiss5.Thismuseum_(be)hereforover20years.It_(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.hasbeenis4cFill in the questions and ask two students.Then complete the chart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)_?Howlonghaveyouownedit?
