(精品)语法复习专项：定语从句(OK).ppt

定义定义关系代词、关系副词的用法关系代词、关系副词的用法限制性定语从句限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句常见考点常见考点解题步骤解题步骤巩固练习巩固练习在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。相当于名词和形容词的作用。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。连接先行词和从句的词叫做连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系代词或关系副词关系副词eg:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用1 1、引导作用、引导作用 2 2、替代作用、替代作用 3 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your names here.2 This is the house where he was born.3 Bill,who was here yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.关系代关系代词词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定在定语语从句中的从句中的作用作用who主主语语（宾语宾语）whom宾语宾语which主主语语宾语宾语that主主语语宾语宾语whose定定语语在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物指物时，关系时，关系词可用词可用which或或that，二者常可以互换；二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用不用which：(1)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all,alot,few,much,none,anything,nothing等或等或被不定代词被不定代词all,any,no,much,little,few,every所修饰时。所修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时级所修饰时Isthatthe bestthatyoucando?(4)当先行词被当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时等所修饰时。Thisisthe verybookthatIwanttofind.(5)当先行词既指人又指物时当先行词既指人又指物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthe people and placesthatimpressedhermost.(6)当主句是以当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?Whoisthegirlthatistalkingthere?(7)在在therebe句型结构中句型结构中There isstillapointthatIcantunderstand.(8)定语从句中缺少表语时定语从句中缺少表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人人时，时，关系词可用关系词可用who(m)或或that，二者常可互换。二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，但在下列情况中，用用who(m)，而不用而不用that：(1)当先行词是当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等词时等词时Hewasamongthe few whomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：注：在非正式文体中可以说：Youretheonethatknowswheretogo.(2)当先行词是当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词等词时时Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用hethatHethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。Doyouknowthewriterin blue with thick glasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?(4)在在分隔式分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如。如：A new masterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.Iwasthe only personinmyofficewhowasinvited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如来引导，如：Sheistheonlygirl(that)Iknowwhocanplaytheguitar.关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。when=in/at/on/during+whichwhere=in/at/on/+whichwhy=for+which1Doyoustillremembertheday_wewenttovisit1Doyoustillremembertheday_wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?themuseumtogether?2Thisisthefactory_myfatheronce2Thisisthefactory_myfatheronceworked.worked.3Thisisthereason_hewaslate.3Thisisthereason_hewaslate.whenwhere/in whichwhy/for which(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，可用逗号隔开，也不可省略也不可省略，否则全句意义就，否则全句意义就不完整。不完整。Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号与主句隔开。ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.(3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有具有涉他性涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.（只有一个只有一个）HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmaniseighteenyearsold.（不止一个不止一个）引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who,whom,whose,which,as,when和和where不可以用不可以用that和和why另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。用并列句或简单句来表达。ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.关系代词关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，句，as在从句中作在从句中作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语；引导限；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词名词+asso+形容词形容词+名词名词+asthesame+名词名词+as像像一样的，像一样的，像之类的之类的和和同样的同样的1Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2Letsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3Wouldyoupleasebuymethe samenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.5Thisissodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuchadifficultproblemas nobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuch adifficultproblem thatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.Thisissodifficultaproblem thatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.比较：比较：定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句比较：比较：Yourdictionaryisthe sameoneasIboughttheotherday.Thedictionaryisthe sameonethatIlentyou.不是同一本不是同一本同一本书同一本书考点考点1关系代词和关系副词的选用关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，从句的成分，若从句若从句缺缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系关系代词代词若从句中若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词关系副词aThisistheplace_heworks.Thisistheplace_wevisitedlastyear.bThatwasthetime_hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedays_wespenttogether?cThisisthereason_hewent.Thereason_hegaveuswasquitereasonable.dHisfatherworksinafactory_radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory_makesradioparts.where/in which(which/that)when(which/that)why/for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考点考点2介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用只能用which/whom/whoseInthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonto whomshecouldturnforhelp.RecentlyIboughtanvase,thepriceof whichwasveryreasonable.MrSmith,in whosedepartmentsheworked,cametoseeher.【2】“复合介词短语复合介词短语+关系代词关系代词”这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用分开，从句常用倒装语序倒装语序Helivedinabighouse,in front ofwhich_(耸立一棵大树耸立一棵大树).【3】介词介词+which/whom+不定式结构不定式结构Thepoormanhasnohousein whichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.a big tall treestood 1.Doyouknowtheboy_yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliar.to whomwith whichon whichThisisthechildwho/whom/thatIwilllookafter.5.译译：这这是我要照是我要照顾顾的小孩。的小孩。4.Hegavemesomenovels_ Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.which/that/不填不填7.(06浙江浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which6.Irecognizedthebossincompanymysisterwasworking.whose做题技巧做题技巧?3._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhichasthatwhich1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.asthat考点考点3as的用法的用法归纳归纳：as引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词前常被先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。as与与which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句都能指代整句内容内容，但定语从句位于，但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用as,意为意为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。as多用于一些习惯用语中：多用于一些习惯用语中：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的正如上面提到的当主句中出现当主句中出现such或或so时时,看后面从句看后面从句(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不缺主语和宾语主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现thesame时时,后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物做题技巧做题技巧?是否缺主语或宾语是否缺主语或宾语:在正式文体中，通常以在正式文体中，通常以inwhich或或that引导，引导，The wayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略inwhich或或thatThe way(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.Idontlikethe way(that)youlaughather.考点考点4theway为先行词为先行词Theway_youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemiswonderful.AwhichBinwhichCwhomDwhoseIdontlike_youlearnEnglish.AthewayBthewayinthatCthewaywhichDthewayofwhich1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点考点5一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.（06江西）江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关系词。1.Wefeedchildren_arehungry.AwhomwethinkBwhowethinkCwethinkwhoDwethinkwhom2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.AwhichIthinkisBwhichIthinkitisCwhichIthinkitDIthinkwhichitis考点考点6注意插入语注意插入语考点考点7定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1I,who_yourhusband,shouldberesponsibleforyou.(be)2Heisoneofthestudentswho_beentoAmerica.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswho_beentoAmerica.(have)3Toownacomputerinfamilies,whichwethought_impossible20yearsago,nowbecomestrue.(be)amhavehaswas考点考点8what与与定语从句引导词定语从句引导词which/that1Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.AwhichBwhatCwhateverDthat2Hecamelateagain,_madehisteacherveryangry._madetheteacherangrywasthathecamelateagain._madetheteacherangrythathecamelateagain.AitBwhatCwhichCBA1Illdoeverythingall/everythingIcan_you.AhelpBtohelp2Theyspentasmuchtimeastheycould_ontheproject.AworkBworking3Afteraheateddiscussion,theyagreedonthewayIthoughtof_theproblem.AsolveBsolvingCtosolve4TheletterImlookingforwardto_thismorning.AarrivedBarrivingCarriveThetheorytheystuckto_right.AprovingBprovedCwasproved考点考点9与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子5Heoftenspeaksofthetroublehe_helpingtheorphan.Heoftenspeaksofthetroublehe_tohelptheorphan.AhadBfoundedCtakenDtook6.Witheverythingsheneeded_,shewenthome.AbuyBtobuyCbought考点考点9与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子hadtook8 There are 55 students in their class,most of _ are boys.9 There are 55 students in their class,most of them _ boys.10 There are 55 students in their class _ most of them are boys.whom(being)andwherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。考点考点10综合考查综合考查定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelieveinthenews_hetoldusyesterday.that(that/which)定语从句与定语从句与表表语从句语从句Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江苏）江苏）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhichthat/which不能无先行词不能无先行词找准先行词找准先行词看成分判断关系词看成分判断关系词（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）1.We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2.We should go to the place_ needs us most.A.it B.where C.that D.whatBC对比训练对比训练 1.It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time.2.It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.whileCA对比训练对比训练 1.He is such a good teacher_ we all like him.2.He is such a good teacher_ we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.whichBC1Heoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.AwhomBwhoCwhenDbecause2ThisisMr.Smith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellus.AwhoBwhomCthatD/3Iwillhiretheman_theysayisagoodEnglishspeaker.AwhoBthatCwhichDwhom1Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2Isthismuseum_someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3-Howdoyoulikethebook?-Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat The news came_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health,_ isnt surprising,because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;which B.which;which C.that;that D.when;as Homework:1巩固定语从句巩固定语从句2预习模块预习模块9U2Reading