初中英语中考语法定语从句知识讲解.docx

中考英语定语从句知识点概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。一、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的句子成分。关系词的三个作用： 1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)Is this the library from which you borrow books?3.who, whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替 whom, 也可省略。(1)who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）。The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?(2)whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 。The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.【注意】(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, that, which可省略，但介词在关系代词之前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。The city that she lives in is very far away.4.关系词只能用that的情况: (1) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。He was the first person that passed the exam.(2)被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?(3) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。This is the same bike that I lost.(4) 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that, 而不用which。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.(5) 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying?(6) 主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.5.关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况:(1) 先行词为that, those时，用which, 而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk?(2) 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives.(3) 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Tom came back, which made us happy.三、关系副词的用法1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This was the time when he arrived.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.= on which2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the place where he works.This is the house where I lived two years ago.= in which3.why指原因，其先行词是原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.Do you know the reason why she was late？2