高等教育自学考试《英语（二）》真题模拟卷（二）.docx

高等教育自学考试英语（二）真题模拟卷（二）材料题根据下面资料（江南博哥），回答1-10题 The Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor(半导体) alloys(合金), his colleagues thought he was unrealistic.Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs,are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. "Anytime you get an award, big or little, it' s always a surprise," Holonyak said. Holonyak ,75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor( 晶体管), in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric,where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking into how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois ,said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace(平凡的) as they are today,but didn' t realize how many uses they would have. "You don' t know in the beginning. You think you' re doing something important, you think it' s worth doing, but you really can' t tell what the big payoff(成果) is going to be, and when, and how.You just don' t know," he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen ,75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for the work on a new generation of "molecular(分子) sieves (滤网)" that can separate molecules by size. 查看材料1.阅读判断】Holonyak' s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.A. True B. False C. Not Given正确答案：A参考解析：根据第一段"his colleagues thought he was unrealistic","unrealistic"意思为"不现实的"。查看材料2.阅读判断】Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given 正确答案：C参考解析：原文中没有提到此信息。查看材料3.阅读判断】Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given 正确答案：B参考解析：根据第四段中的信息，发明晶体管的是John Bardeen，Holonyak的老师。查看材料4.阅读判断】LEDs used in traffic Lights are developed by Holonyak' s students.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given 正确答案：A参考解析：根据第一段“Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology”即Holonyak的学生开发了该技术在交通信号灯上的应用。查看材料5.阅读判断】When Holonyak invented LEDs,he believed that they would have a wide range of uses.A. TrueB.  FalseC.  Not Given 正确答案：B参考解析：根据原文“but didn't realize how many uses they would have”，即Holonyak没想到会有现在这么多的用途。查看材料6.阅读判断】Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.A. TrueB.  FalseC.  Not Given 正确答案：C参考解析：原文中没有提到此信息。查看材料7.阅读判断】LEDs are more environmentally friendly than incandescent bulbs.A. TrueB.  FalseC.  Not Given 正确答案：A参考解析：根据“The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective”即LED灯比白炽灯更环保。查看材料8.阅读判断】Holonyak was surprised to receive the Lemelson-MIT Prize.A. TrueB.  FalseC.  Not Given 正确答案：A参考解析：根据“Anytime you get an award, big or little, it' s always a surprise”，判断该句说法正确。查看材料9.阅读判断】Edith Flanigen was also awarded Lemelson-MIT Prize for his work on LEDs.A. TrueB.  FalseC.  Not Given 正确答案：B参考解析：根据最后一段“Award for the work on a new generation of "molecular(分子) sieves (滤网)”可知Edith Flanigen获奖是因为对新一代分子滤网的研究。查看材料10.阅读判断】The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given正确答案：C参考解析：原文中没有提到此信息。材料题根据下面资料，回答11-15题 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition,there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater' s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. 查看材料11.阅读选择】What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of theater.B. The role of ritual in modern dance.C. The importance of storytelling.D. The variety of early religious activities.正确答案：A参考解析：根据文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.”及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.”可知本文是讨论戏剧的起源。故选项A为正确答案。查看材料12.阅读选择】What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?A. The reason drama is often unpredictable.B. The seasons in which dramas were performed.C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots.D. The importance of costumes in early drama. 正确答案：C参考解析：通过阅读第一段,首先很明显可将选项B和D排除;选项A(戏剧无法预测的原因)也不正确,故只有选项C(神话与戏剧情节的联系)为正确答案。 查看材料13.阅读选择】Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?A. Dance.B. Costumes.C. Music.D. Magic. 正确答案：D参考解析：在做本题时要注意题干中的NOT。通过阅读文章第二段开头判断,选项D为正确答案。 查看材料14.阅读选择】According to the passage ,what is the main difference between ritual and drama?A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B. Ritual is shorter than drama.C.  Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not. 正确答案：D参考解析：根据文章第二段可知宗教仪式都有一定的宗教目的,而戏剧却没有，因此选D。 查看材料15.阅读选择】The passage supports which of the following statements?A. No one really knows how the theater began.B.  Myths are no longer represented dramatically.C.  Storytelling is an important part of dance.D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.正确答案：A参考解析：文章最后一段中又列举了两个关于戏剧起源的理论:人们对讲故事的兴趣和舞蹈。由此可知,选项A为正确答案。 材料题根据下面资料，回答16-20题 Alaska In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bear"-beyond Canada's western borders ,far from the settled areas of the United States. In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two thirds of a meter down. Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates,800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated. Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state' s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U. S. mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages. The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended,and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state' s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska' s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals. 查看材料16.概括段落大意和补全句子】For as long as three months of a year,the sun _ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.ABCDEF正确答案：D参考解析：段落句子补充信息类的题目 需要回归到该问题所出现的位置,根据上下文进行寻找或提炼、转换近义的词句。以下同此。本段应该定位到第二段，找出有关阿拉斯加特殊的极夜或极昼方面的描述。查看材料17.概括段落大意和补全句子】According to statistics,_ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.ABCDEF正确答案：E参考解析：本句应该定位到第三段,找出关于阿拉斯加土地的描述,以及用于耕作的土地使用面积。查看材料18.概括段落大意和补全句子】Alaska was originally part of Russia,but was bought_.ABCDEF正确答案：C参考解析：本句应该定位到第4段,关于阿拉斯加在历史上的归属以及买卖问题。 查看材料19.概括段落大意和补全句子】Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_.ABCDEF正确答案：A参考解析：本句应该定位到第6段,从关于金矿的收入和渔业方面的收入的对比,可以找出信息。 查看材料20.概括段落大意和补全句子】_ has become Alaska's single important resource.ABCDEF正确答案：B参考解析：本句应该定位到第6段,主要是关于自然资源的介绍,段落中很清楚地提到了近些年来，阿拉斯加最重要的资源是石油。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题 Singapore Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island-the Singapore island-and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay.The city of Singapore, the capital of the country,is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island ; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km. Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief (轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20°C.The average annual rainfall is 2.413 mm, the wettest months are November through January. Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament,but by 1991 constitutional amendment (修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected. In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college. Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion,or $8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals,electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important. 查看材料21.概括段落大意和补全句子】Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia_ABCDEF正确答案：B参考解析：段落句子补充信息类的题目需要回归到该问题所出现的位置，根据上下文进行寻找、进行提炼或转换近义的词句。具体到本句，应从第一段首句进行寻找，很容易选出来。查看材料22.概括段落大意和补全句子】According to the constitution of Singapore, the president of the state is selected_ABCDEF正确答案：D参考解析：句子定位到第三段进行寻找，主要讲述的是新加坡的政治制度以及选举制度。查看材料23.概括段落大意和补全句子】Compared with people in other Asian countries, the Singapore_ABCDEF正确答案：A参考解析：句子定位到第五段进行寻找，主要讲述了新加坡人民的生活水平。查看材料24.概括段落大意和补全句子】Several technical colleges, and a teachers college are part of_ABCDEF正确答案：C参考解析：句子定位到第四段进行寻找，列举出的都是新加坡的高等教育机构。查看材料25.概括段落大意和补全句子】Though small, Singapore has an industry of its own and can_ABCDEF正确答案：E参考解析：句子定位到第五段进行寻找，可以找出新加坡经济发展与商品生产方面的信息。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题 The Disappearing Honeybee Do you run away when you hear a bee buzzing? Many people do. A bee sting hurts and some people are allergic to bee venom (蜂毒). But did you know that bees are very important to humans? Honeybees do more than just make honey. They fly around and pollinate (传授花粉) flowers,plants, and trees. 26 One third of America' s food supply is pollinated by the honeybee. Have you seen or heard a honeybee lately? Bees are mysteriously disappearing in many parts of the world. Most people don' t know about this problem. It is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Some North American beekeepers lost 80% of their hives (蜂巢) from 2006-2008. 27 The disappearance of the honeybee is a serious problem. Can you imagine never eating another blueberry? What about almonds and cherr