全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题模拟卷一.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题模拟卷一材料题根据下面资料，（江南博哥）回答1-20题 Bill Gates, who co-founded Microsoft and led the company as it became a technology juggernaut,is stepping down from the company's board to spend more time on his philanthropic work. Gates, who made the 1 Friday afternoon, said in a LinkedIn post that he wants to "dedicate more time to philanthropic priorities 2 global health and development, education,and my increasing engagement in 3 climate change. " He declined to comment beyond the post, his spokeswoman Bridgitt Arnold said. Gates 4 Microsoft in 1975 with his high school friend Paul Allen, 5 died in October 2018. His 6 zeal helped create a company that dominates the personal computing 7. In the process, Gates amassed a 8. He is the second-wealthiest person in the world, with a total net worth of $102 billion, 9 only Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. Gates began moving away from Microsoft in 2000, 10 he gave up the chief executive post he had long held. Steve Ballmer 11 the role, with Gates serving as chief software architect and chairman. In 2008, he stepped down as chief software architect to spend the bulk of his work time at the Bill and Melinda Gates 12. He stepped down as Microsoft's chairman in 2014. Gates will 13 to serve as technology adviser to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella and others at the company. Microsoft is not 14 Gates's seat on the board. " 15 Microsoft, stepping down from the board 16 means stepping away from the company," Gates wrote. In a statement, Nadella said he 17 continuing to work with Gates. Microsoft declined to make Nadella 18 for further comment. Gates will also step away from his one other board position, at Berkshire Hathaway, the company 19 by his longtime friend Warren Buffett. "Warren and I were the best of friends long 20 I joined and will be long after," Gates wrote. 查看材料1. 【完形填空】第（1）题选A. advertisementB. announcementC. requestD. comment正确答案：B参考解析：Aadvertisement“广告”，Bannouncement“宣布”，Crequest“请求”，Dcomment“评论”定语从句，who指代前面的Gates，空格处填写一个名词，根据后面，he wants to "dedicate more time to philanthropic priorities.，他想要投入更多的时间在慈善事业， make the announcement，宣布。B正确。查看材料2. 【完形填空】第（2）题选A. includingB. consistingC. excludingD. excepting正确答案：A参考解析：Aincluding“包括”， Bconsisting“组成” ， Cexcluding“排除”， Dexcepting“不包括”根据后面的global health and development, education，全球健康、发展、教育等问题，与philanthropic priorities是一个包含关系，这里用一个including ，他想要把更多的时间优先放在慈善事业上，比如全球健康、发展、教育.查看材料3. 【完形填空】第（3）题选A. tacklingB. avoidingC. attackingD. pursing正确答案：A参考解析：Atackling“处理，解决”，Bavoiding“避免”，Cattacking“攻击”， Dpursing“追求”and 连接两个并列的句子，dedicate more time to philanthropic priorities 投入更多时间来从事慈善， my increasing engagement in _ climate change，所以后面应该是做慈善以及解决气候变化。A正确。查看材料4. 【完形填空】第（4）题选A. foundB. closedC. foundedD. installed正确答案：C参考解析：Afound“发现”，Bclosed“关闭”，Cfounded“建立”，Dinstalled“安装”，主语gates，宾语Microsoft，中间填写一个动词，然后in 1975，with  with his high school friend Paul Allen，常识，比尔盖茨1975年创立的微软公司，C正确。查看材料5. 【完形填空】第（5）题选A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what正确答案：A参考解析：定语从句，先行词为逗号的前一个，Paul Allen是一个人名，所以A选项正确。查看材料6. 【完形填空】第（6）题选A. indifferentB. unenthusiasticC. competitiveD. competent正确答案：C参考解析：Aindifferent“冷漠的”，Bunenthusiastic“不热心的”，Ccompetitive“有求胜心的”，Dcompetent“有能力的”空格处填写一个形容词，根据helped create a company that dominates the personal computing帮助他创造了一家雄霸私人电脑行业的公司，可得出是正面积极的形容， competitive zeal 符合题意。查看材料7. 【完形填空】第（7）题选A. businessB. industryC. factoryD. device正确答案：B参考解析：Abusiness“商业”，Binduqtry，Cfactory“工厂”，Ddevice“装置”personal computing industry“私人电脑行业”，为固定搭配查看材料8. 【完形填空】第（8）题选A. propertyB. wealthC. fortuneD. treasure正确答案：C参考解析：Aproperty“财产”，Bwealth“财富”，Cfortune“财富”， Dtreasure“宝藏” 因此根据语意推测空格所填词应为“财富”。此外，amass a fortune为固定搭配，意为“积累财富”。查看材料9. 【完形填空】第（9）题选A. betweenB. behindC. besideD. around正确答案：B参考解析：Abetween“在中间”，Bbehind“在后面”，Cbeside“在旁边”，Daround“在周围”根据He is the second-wealthiest person in the world他是世界第二富有的人，常识推测Jeff Bezos为当时的世界首富。故根据逻辑关系应选Bbehind“在后面”。查看材料10. 【完形填空】第（10）题选A. whereB. whyC. whenD. which正确答案：C参考解析：Awhere表地点，Bwhy表原因，Cwhen， Dwhich为关系代词 空格处前面提到盖茨在2000年离开微软，后面提到盖茨放弃了他执行总裁的职位，这也是盖茨在2000年做的事情。因此应为When(表时间的关系副词)引导的非限制性定语从句查看材料11. 【完形填空】第（11）题选A. took upB. took onC. took offD. took in正确答案：B参考解析：Atook up“占据”，Btook on“接任的角色”，Ctook off“起飞”，Dtook in“吸收”he gave up the chief executive post he had long held盖茨放弃了他长期拥有的执行总裁的职位. 主语Steve Ballmer    宾语 the role（指代执行总裁的职位），空格填写一个动词，所以应为Steve Bailer接任了盖茨的执行总裁的位置，took on the role为固定搭配，意为“接任的角色”查看材料12. 【完形填空】第（12）题选A. ConstitutionB. CorporationC. FoundationD. Institution正确答案：C参考解析：AConstitution“宪法，体制”，BCorporation“公司”，CFoundation“基金会”，DInstitution“机构”Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation“比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会”为专有名词查看材料13. 【完形填空】第（13）题选A. completeB. continueC. declineD. stop正确答案：B参考解析：Acomplete“完成”，Bcontinue“继续”，Cdecline“拒绝”，Dstop“停止”根据上下文，盖茨辞掉了首席软件架构师，也辞掉了微软主席的职位，Microsoft is not_Gates's seat on the board，微软会保留盖茨的董事会席位，所以空格处意为“盖茨会继续作为微软公司首席执行官和其他人的技术顾问”，B正确。查看材料14. 【完形填空】第（14）题选A. fillingB. takingC. removingD. emptying正确答案：A参考解析：Afilling“填补”，Btaking“就座”，Cremoving“移动”，Demptying“卸空”Gates will continue to serve as technology adviser to Microsoft chief executive，盖茨会继续作为微软公司首席执行官的技术顾问，所以空格处句意“微软仍然在董事会留给盖茨一席之地”，A正确。查看材料15. 【完形填空】第（15）题选A. In addition toB. In line withC. With respect toD. In reference to正确答案：C参考解析：AIn addition to“除之外”，BIn line with“与一致”，CWithrespect to“就而言”，DIn preference to“优于”据前后语意和逻辑推断，无两者比较之意，故只有CWith respect to正确，排除其他选项。查看材料16. 【完形填空】第（16）题选A. in a way B. in no wayC. in the wayD. on the way正确答案：B参考解析：Ain a way“在程度上”，Bin no way“绝不”，Cin the way“妨碍”，Don the way“在路上”前文提到盖茨会继续作为微软公司首席执行官和其他人的技术顾问，所以对微软来说，离开董事会并不一定意味着离开公司，空格处表否定，B正确。查看材料17. 【完形填空】第（17）题选A. looks up toB. looks down uponC. looks forward toD. comes up with正确答案：C参考解析：Alooks up to“钦佩”，Blooks down upon“轻视”，Clooks forward to“盼望”，Dcomes up with“想起”空格处主语 Nadella ，宾语 continuing to work with Gates ，纳德拉是微软的首席执行官，因此他希望与盖茨继续工作是合理的；此外，look forward to中to为介词，后面加doing。查看材料18. 【完形填空】第（18）题选A. advisableB. availableC. valuableD. reliable正确答案：B参考解析：Aadvisable“明智的”，B“available”，Cvaluable“有价值的”，Dreliable“可信赖的”In a statement, Nadella said he look forward to continuing to work with Gates.在一次陈述中 ，纳德拉说他很期待继续与盖茨共事， declined to表否定，for further comment 进一步评论，可得，应该是盖茨离开微软，微软拒绝让纳德拉做过多评论，所以选Bavailable查看材料19. 【完形填空】第（19）题选A. functionedB. runC. workedD. watched正确答案：B参考解析：Afunctioned“运转”，Brun“经营”，Cworked“工作”，Dwatched“看”空格所在句提到“盖茨将会辞掉他在伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司董事会的职位。这家公司被他的老朋友沃伦·巴菲特_。主语为公司，公司只能被经营，故选Brun。查看材料20. 【完形填空】第（20）题选A. beforeB. afterC. asD. until正确答案：A参考解析：Abefore“之前”，Bafter“在之后”，Cas“在时候”，Duntil“直到”前文提到沃伦是盖茨的longtime friend“长时间的好朋友”。故应选Abefore，即句子意为“在加入公司很久以前就是好朋友”。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题 The1.57bn rescue package for the arts that the UK government announced on 5 July was both absolutely necessary and rightly welcomed. The funds ought to be sufficient to sustain Britain's artistic and cultural infrastructure until the springHad they not materialised, institutions such as the Royal Opera House would have faced collapse by Christmas Yet theatres, concert halls, opera houses and arts centres are only the pipes through which art flows. While it is clearly important to keep this infrastructure functioning, it is of absolutely no use on its own. Indeed, the purely physical infrastructure is, by and large, the problem in terms of COVID-19, since it presents the issue of mass gatherings indoors. It is the workart made by freelancersthat matters, and that audiences pay to see Freelancers, however, were missing from the announcement, and absent from Rishi Sunak's supposedly jobs-focused summer statement. The overwhelming majority of the cultural workforce in Britain is freelance, more than 70 in theatre alone: self-employed set designers, artists, musicians, technicians, actors, directors, composers, sound engineers, stage managers and many more kinds of creators and skilled workers. This compares with 15.3 across the whole economy. The government's support scheme for the self-employed judders to a halt at the end of October(and as many as one in three in theatre, and the same proportion of musicians, is anyway ineligible for it) So far, rhetoric around cultural freelancers' prospects has centred on getting venues working again. But theatres and concert halls have no idea when they will be allowed to reopen, and when they do will not be permitted to operate at full capacity. Those in the performing arts face a potentially grim future，effectively prevented from working after most other parts of the economy have begun to function again There are ways to alleviate the situation. Venues could be quickly allowed to open such that freelancers can be employed againbut that is clearly dependent on the government's wider success, or otherwise, in grappling with the pandemic, and cannot happen until it is absolutely safe. Plenty of artists are willing, even desperate, to bring forward inventive new ways of making work and taking it more sately outdoors, into communities, on to streetsan option now open in England, where outdoor, socially distanced performances are permitted from Saturday. Organisations receiving emergency funding could be obliged to commission and facilitate work beyond their own walls, rather than to use the money to mothball (封存) themselves; or a portion of the emergency funds could be funnelled towards freelancers Doing nothing is not an option. It is freelancers who make art. It is art that has public valuethat brings benefits for civic cohesion, education and wellbeing. It is art that will contribute to the economic recovery from the crisis. It is art in which audiences find solace, provocation and joy 查看材料21. 【阅读理解Part A】Once the rescue package for the arts is implemented，British arts and cultural institutionsA. will have a meaningful ChristmasB. can maintain for a period of timeC. would restore the glory of the pastD. can avoid the fate of collapse正确答案：B参考解析：问题：当一旦艺术救助计划得以实施，英国的艺术文化机构_.The funds ought to be sufficient to sustain Britain's artistic and cultural infrastructure until the springHad they not materialised, institutions such as the Royal Opera House would have faced collapse by Christmas 这笔资金应该足以支撑英国的艺术和文化基础设施直到明年春季。如果计划没有实现，像英国皇家歌剧院这样的机构将在圣诞节前面临倒闭。B选项“可以维持一段时间”正确。查看材料22. 【阅读理解Part A】It is useless to keep arts and cultural infrastructure functioning becauseA. it's the work made by freelancers that countsB. audiences are mostly hard up for moneyC. large indoor gatherings are not allowed at presentD. it will be used as a large-scale meeting place正确答案：C参考解析：问题：维持艺术和文化基础设施的正常运行没有作用，因为_Indeed, the purely physical infrastructure is, by and large, the problem in terms of COVID-19, since it presents the issue of mass gatherings indoors. 尽管维持此基础设施正常运行很重要，但就其本身而言是绝对没有用处的。实际上，就新冠肺炎疫情而言，纯粹的实体基础设施大体上就是问题所在，因为它带来了室内大规模集会的问题。C选项“目前不允许大型室内集会”正确。查看材料23. 【阅读理解Part A】The word "grim" most probably meansA. gloomyB. brightC. foreseeableD. indefinite正确答案：A参考解析：问题：单词“grim”最有可能的意思是_So far, rhetoric around cultural freelancers' prospects has centred on getting venues working again. But theatres and concert halls have no idea when they will be allowed to reopen, and when they do will not be permitted to operate at full capacity. Those in the performing arts face a potentially grim future，effectively prevented from working after most other parts of the economy have begun to function again到目前为止，围绕文化自由职业者前景的言论集中在让场馆重新运转上。但是剧院和音乐厅不知道什么时候可以重新开放，而当它们重新开放的时候也不能以其最大容纳量营业。表演艺术领域的从业者面临着潜在的严峻前景，在大多数其他经济领域开始恢复运转后，他们实际上已经无法工作。A选项“黑暗的”正确。查看材料24. 【阅读理解Part A】According to the author，which of the following is true?A. Artists should have the courage to bring forth new ideasB. The artistic process can ease the freelancers' emotionsC. Something must be done to help freelancers outD. The government is responsible for the status of freelancers正确答案：C参考解析：问题：在作者看来，下列哪一项是正确的?Doing nothing is not an option. It is freelancers who make art. It is art that has public valuethat brings benefits for civic cohesion, education and wellbeing. It is art that will contribute to the economic recovery from the crisis. It is art in which audiences find solace, provocation and joy什么都不做不是一个选择。创作艺术的是自由职业者。只有具有公众价值的艺术才能为公民凝聚力、教育和福祉带来好处。艺术将有助于经济从危机中复苏。艺术能让观众找到慰藉、刺激和快乐。换言之，一定要做些什么，C项符合文意，故为正确答案。查看材料25. 【阅读理解Part A】Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. The Bleak Outlook for FreelancersB. UK's Rescue Package for the ArtsC. The Importance of Art to a CountryD. Freelancers Must Not Be Forgotten正确答案：D参考解析：问题： 以下哪项是本文的最佳标题? 本文首段指出英国政府的艺术救助计划足以支撑英国的艺术和文化基础设施直到明年春季。第二段指出维持艺术文化的基础设施正常运行很重要，但没有用。第三段指出政府忽略了自由职业者的重要性。第四段指出让场馆重新运转不能解决自由职业者的困境。第五段指出有一些方法可以缓解自由职业者的困境。最后一段作者呼吁一定要做些什么，什么都不做不是一个选择。综上，本文的关键是“自由职业者”，从文章后面几段可以看出自由职业者的重要性，因此D项总体来说符合文意，故为正确答案。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题 Aristotle reckoned the face was a window onto a person's mindCicero agreedTwo millennia on, facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to gauge other people's feelings, irrespective of age, sex and cultureA raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile denotes happiness. A frown indicates sadness Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognisable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy As Lisa Feldman Barrett, one of the authors of the study, published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest, told the AAAS meeting in Seattle, "We surprised ourselves". Dr Feldman Barrett is a psychologist at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, and along with her colleagues she found that, on average, adults in urban cultures scowled when they were angry 30of the time. Which meant that some 70 of the time they did not scowl when angry. Instead, they did something else with their faces. People also scowled when they were not angry. "They scowl when they're concentrating, they scowl when someone tells them a bad joke, they scowl when they have gas, they scowl for lots of reasons," says Dr Feldman Barrett A scowl, the researchers concluded, is certainly one expression of anger. But it is not the onl