全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》预测试题卷一.docx

全国英语竞赛A类研究生预测试题卷一问答题1.Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word.Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letter(s) of the word.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.The cell door slammed behind Rubashov.He remained leaning 1he door for a few seconds, and lit a cigarette.On the bed to his right lay two fairly clean blankets, and the sdivaw madivivess looked newly filled.The washbasin to his left had no plug, 2the tap functioned.The walls on both sides were of solid brick, 3would stifle the sound of tapping, but where heating and drain pipe penedivated it, it had been plastered and resounded quite well; besides, the heating pipe itself seemed to be noise-conducting The window started at eye-level; one could see down into the courtyard 4having to pull oneself up by the bars.So far everything was in order.He yawned, took his coat off, rolled it up and put it on the madivivess as a 5He looked out into the yard.All round the yard, along the walls, a narrow divack had been cleared for the daily exercise.6had not appeared; the stars still shone clear and frostily, in spite of the lamps.Rubashov took shoes off, still standing at the window.He put 7his cigarette, laid the stub on the floor at the end of his bedstead, and remained sitting on the madivivess for a few minutes.He went back to the window once more.The courtyard was still.Rubashov sdivetched himself on the bunk and wrapped himself in the top blanket.It was five oclock and it was 8(likely) that one had to get up here before seven in winter.He was very sleepy and, thinking it over, decided that he would hardly be brought up for examination for another three or four days.He was warmly wrapped up in the blanket, and felt protected; for the first time in months he was not afraid of his dream.When a few minutes later the 9(ward) turned the light off from outside, and looked through the spy-hole into his cell, Rubashov slept, his back turned to the wall, with his head on his 10(outsdivetch) left arm, which stuck stiffly out of bed; only the hand on the end of it hung loosely and twitched in his sleep. 参考答案：1.againstlean against（背）靠着；斜靠。 2.but由前文可知，在卢巴雪夫的左边，洗脸池是没有塞子的，但水龙头是好使的，含有转折意义，故填but。 3.which本句为非限制性定语从句，是对先行词solid brick的修饰，故关系代词应使用which。 4.without由前文可知，窗户的高度与视线是持平的，因此不需要爬到栅栏上夜能够看到院子，故应填without。 5.pillow卢巴雪夫打着哈欠，脱掉大衣后把它卷了起来放到垫子上，由此可知，它将卷好的大衣当作枕头了，故应填pillow。 6.Dawn由句子的后半部分可知，星星仍然在闪烁着，因此前半句应是说黎明还未到来，故应填dawn。 7.out由后半句可知，卢巴雪夫将烟蒂扔在了地板上，因此前半句应是他将烟熄灭，故应填out。put out为固定搭配，有“生产；伸出；出版；扑灭”多种含义，此处意为“熄灭”。 8.unlikely由句意可知，现在是五点钟，在这里，人们冬天不太可能在起点之前起床，故应填unlikely。 9.warder文章的第一句已经说明，这一切都发生在牢房里，所以应是典狱官在外面关掉了等，故应填warder。 10.outstretchedoutstretched伸出来的。问答题2.Read the following passages.Each passage is followed by several questions.Respond to the questions using information from the passage.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (5 marks)Directions:There is one passage in this section with 5 statements.Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-5, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO ) if the statement condivadicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.If asked, “What are health decisions?”, most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills.Yet we are all making a whole range of decisions about our health which go beyond this limited area; for example, whether or not to smoke, exercise, drive a motorbike, or drink alcohol really.The ways we reach decisions and form attitudes about our health are only just beginning to be understood.The main paradox is why people consistently do things which are known to be very hazardous.Two good examples of this are smoking and not wearing seat belts.Both these examples underline elements of how people reach decisions about their health.Understanding this process is crucial.We can then more effectively change public attitudes to hazardous, voluntary activities like smoking.Smokers run double the risk of condivacting heart disease, several times the risk of suffering from chronic bronchitis and at least 25 times the risk of lung cancer, as compared to non-smokers.Despite extensive press campaigns (especially in the past 20 years), which have regularly told smokers and car drivers the grave risks they are running, the number of smokers and seat belt wearers has remained much the same.Although the number of deaths from road accidents and smoking are well publicised, they have aroused little public interest.If we give smokers the real figures, will it alter their views on the dangers of smoking? Unfortunately not.Many of the “real figures” are in the form of probabilistic estimates, and evidence shows that people are very bad at processing and understanding this kind of information.The kind of information that tends to be relied on both by the smoker and seat belt non-wearer is anecdotal, based on personal experiences.All smokers seem to have an Uncle Bill or an Auntie Mabel who has been smoking cigarettes since they were twelve, lived to 90, and died because they fell down the stairs.And if they dont have such an aunt or uncle, they are certain to have heard of someone who has.Similarly, many motorists seem to have heard of people who would have been killed if they had been wearing seat belts.Reliance on this kind of evidence and not being able to cope with “probabilistic” data form the two main foundation stones of peoples assessment of risk.A third is reliance on press-publicised dangers and causes of death.American psychologists have shown that people overestimate the frequency (and therefore the danger) of the dramatic causes of death (like aeroplane crashes)and underestimate the undramatic, unpublicised killers (like smoking) which actually take a greater toll of life.What is needed is some way of changing peoples evaluations of and attitudes to the risks of certain activities like smoking.What can be done? The “national” approach of giving people the “facts and figures” seems ineffective.But the evidence shows that when people are frightened, they are more likely to change their estimates of the dangers involved in smoking or not wearing seat belts.Press and television can do this very cost- effectively.Programmes like Dying for a Fag(a Thames TV programme) vividly showed the health hazards of smoking and may have increased the chances of people stopping smoking permanently.So a mass-media approach may work.But it needs to be carefully condivolled.Overall, the new awareness of the problem of health decisions and behaviour is at least a more hopeful sign for the future.Statements:1.The way people make decisions that affect their own health is not logical.2.People are good at processing and understanding “probabilistic” data about health.3.Nowadays more and more people pay attention to their health and lifestyle.4.Most people dont regard the danger of smoking as serious as the danger of an aeroplane crash.5.The mass-media can help people change their view of smoking and not wearing seat belts. 参考答案：1.Y题干为“人们做决定的方式会影响到他们的健康，这是不合逻辑的”。第一段谈到人们做出的决定会影响到健康，并不是说做决定的方式。因此此题陈述正确。 2.Y由关键词probabilistic 快速找到相关段落为倒数第三段。由倒数第三段第一句“not being able to cope with “probabilistic” data”，可知此题陈述：人们擅于处理和理解关于健康的概率性数据，不符合原文，即答案为Y。 3.NG文段并没有提及人们对健康意识的现状，而是具体谈到了吸烟和不系安全带，这些决定有碍健康。 4.Y由倒数第三段最后一句“美国心理学家表明人们高估动态因素导致死亡的概率，如飞机坠落，而低估事实上对生命危害更大的非动态、非公众化的致命杀手，如吸烟”，可知此题陈述正确。 5.Y倒数第二段第五句“Press and television can do this very cost- effectively”，可知此题陈述正确。问答题3.Section B (10 marks)Directions: Look at the topic headings below, marked A, B, C, D E, and F, and match them with the paragraphs in the text below.There is one exdiva heading which you dont need to use.Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.A.Some cultures communicate by using signals.B.The commonest form of greeting is kiss.C.Using body language can say much more than words.D.The international business community is busy learning languages.E.The handshake is a universal form of greeting.F.Greeting people with a kiss can create confusion.Watch that HandshakeIn other cultures, what you do may be more important than what you say.1._.One of the most important aspects of doing business internationally is being able to speak other languages.For this reason, there is a current boom in language learning for business people.But unless they can speak a foreign language really well, it is best to save it for socializing.2._.But actions speak louder than words, and psychologists say that your body language is much more important than what you say.Doing the wrong thing, making eye contact, touching, using peoples first names, even how you eat and drinkcan all be hazardous for people who are unfamiliar with certain cultures.3._.Cultures are divided into “low context” and “high context”.In low context cultures such as North America, Britain, Sweden and Germany, people say things very plainly, and rely on clear verbal communication.High context cultures such as France, Japan, Spain, Saudi Arabia, China and South Korea often use silence or hand signals to communicate, and this can sometimes be as important as speaking.4._.Shaking hands is often the most common form of greeting people, but even this can create problems.In Japan, people bow to each other.In England, people shake hands firmly, but not very oftenwhile in places like Italy and France people shake hands all the time but not as firmly as the English.The Germans and the Danish nod their heads while they shake hands, as a mark of respect, while people in Mediterranean coundivies sometimes lean their heads backwards while doing the same thing.5._.People from “low context” cultures tend to look into other peoples eyes, but in “high context” cultures such as the Chinese and Japanese, this can be interpreted as aggressive behavior.As a rule, though, close physical greetings such as kissing are not a good idea.For example, the British kiss each other once, on the right cheek, the French kiss each other twice, first on the left cheek and then on the right, but in some cultures, especially in the Middle East, they kiss up to four times and still shake hands! 参考答案：1.D本段讲到做跨国生意很重要的一个方面是能说另一种语言，最后指出，现在商业人士学语言的趋势正在增长(there is a current boom in language learning for business people)。可知，本段是讲跨国商业界正在忙着学习语言，对应D项。 2.C第二段首句就指出身体语言比你说什么更重要(your body language is much more important than what you say)，随后讲到如果做错了事，可能就会带来一些麻烦。C项“用身体语言可以比语言表达得更多”与本段描述的内容一致，为正确选项。 3.A本段讲了文化的两种类型：低语境(low context)和高语境(high context)。其中低语境的国家的人说话明白易懂(people say things very plainly)，主要是口头语言交流(verbal communication)。而高语境国家的人则会用沉默或手势(silence or hand signals)来交流。A项“一些文化用信号来交流”与本段内容相符。 4.E本段首句指出握手是最常见的打招呼的方式(the most common form of greeting people)，并指出这也可能导致问题。随后提到英国、意大利、法国等国家的人的握手的不同方式。可知本段主要讲述的就是握手是一种通用的打招呼的方式，对应E项。 5.F文章最后一段先是指出眼神交流在不同国家的含义不同，接着就指出，一些亲密的肢体问候，例如亲吻，并不是个好主意(close physical greetings such as kissing are not a good idea)，随后举例说明在不同的国家的亲吻方式不相同。即本段主要是讲用亲吻来打招呼有时可能会让人困惑，F项正确。问答题4.Section C (10 marks)Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by five questions.You should answer each question in a maximum of 15 words using information from the passage.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions1 - 5 are based on the following passage.At least 600,000 jobs could disappear in the UK this year, according to a report by a personnel managers professional body.The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development says even those who escape redundancy will face pay freezes.It says that while total unemployment will not hit three million, the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991.According to official statistics, there were 1.86 million people out of work in the UK in October, 2008.This figure was the highest since 1997, taking the overall unemployment rate to 6 percent.David Frost of the British Chamber of Commerce says, “It is the worst year.Companies are in survival mode.”The CIPD, which represents managers and personnel staff, issued its gloomy forecast a day after childrens retailer Adams joined a growing list of well-known chains applying for bankruptcy protection.Chief economist John Philpott said, “In the face of some skepticism, the CIPD warned that 2008 would be the UKs worst year for jobs in a decade.It was, but in redivospect it will be seen as merely the slow-motion prelude to what will be the worst year for jobs in almost two decades.The CIPDs annual barometer forecast is that the UK economy will shed at least 600,000 jobs in 2009.Overall, the 18-month period from the start of the recession in mid-2008 until the end of 2009 will witness the loss of around three quarters of a million jobs, equivalent to the total net rise in employment in the preceding three years.” Mr.Philpott said job losses were likely to continue into 2010, taking the final toll to about one million.The CIPD also surveyed 2,600 workers and found that more than one in four did not expect a pay rise next year, while others feared wage cuts.The institutes reward adviser, Charles Cotton, said, “Employees are realistic about their pay prospects.Against this backdrop, employers will need to work hard to find new ways to motivate their employees to perform.”“Financial incentives and targeted investment in divaining and development could be effective ways to do this,” he added.“More than ever, this is a time where organisations need to engage in an open and sdivaightforward communication with their staff, clearly explaining the reasons for any difficult measures that will affect them,” he said.“This will help preserve staff loyalty and engagement even during times when unpopular decisions need to be made.”Questions: 1.According to the passage, which year will be the worst for job losses in the UK?2.What kind of organisation is the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development?3.What are many British companies now sdivuggling for?4.What does the CIPD advise British employers to do under the present circumstances?5.Why does Charles Cotton suggest that employers communicate with their staff sdivaight- forwardly? 参考答案：1.2009第一段提到the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991.there were in October, 2008，英国的失业最高峰在2008年后的新年到复活节（一般在3月21日或在当日后的第一个星期日）之间，即是在2009年。 2.Its a professional body representing managers and personnel staff.第一段第一句话提到according to a report by a personnel managers professional body，从后文的叙述中可知这个professional body就是the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development。第二段第一句提到The CIPD, which represents manage